Various types of emitters

Arpit Kumar
2012AE06BIV

Emitters:
Emitters function as energy dissipater reducing
the inlet pressure head ( from 0.5-1.5 atm) to
zero atmospheric pressure
Irrigate the field with continuous small droplets
Made from poly propylene or LLDPE

Classification of emitters:
Emitters are classified mainly as point source
emitters or line source emitters, according to their
position in their supplying laterals.
Emitter may be classified on the basis of various
criteria, i.e.
Operating pressure
Discharge rates
Design
Flow regime
Cross section of flow area

 Operating pressure:
Low Pressure (below 0.8 m)
Medium Pressure (2 to 5 m)
High Pressure (8 to 15 m)
Discharge rates:
Low (below 4 litres/hr)
Medium (4 to 10 litres/hr)
High (15 litres/hr or more)
Path cross section:
Low (below 0.8 mm)
Medium (0.8-1.5 mm)
Wide (1.5 mm or more)
Design:
Point source
Line source

Point Source
Emitters

Line Source
Emitters

Point Source & Line Source

Emitters

Major Types of Emitters:

Pressure Compensating
Non Pressure Compensating
Orifice Emitter
Vortex Emitter

1)

Pressure Compensating :

These are designed to obtain nearly uniform

discharge from each dripper (with the help of
flexible internal diaphragm), in spite of varying
operating pressures. Also known as self flushing
type emitters.
Advantages:
i. Useful in hilly & undulating areas
Disadvantages:
ii. Higher investment cost
iii. Higher operating pressure required

2) Non Pressure Compensating:

These dont have the pressure compensation
feature. Hence, their discharge tend to vary
widely with the operating pressure.
Advantages:
i. Less expensive
ii. Best used in fields with little or no
undulations
Disadvantages:
iii. Cant be used in hilly & undulating lands

3) Orifice Emitter:
) Orifice emitter employs a series of orifices to
dissipate pressure.
) Flow rate of water at any given pressure is
governed by the orifice diameter.
) Flow velocities are greater and the potential
for clogging is less than for laminar flow
devices.
) Turbulent flow devices.

4) Vortex Emitter:
Vortex emitters employs the vortex effect to
dissipate pressure. The principle used is swirling
of the water around the outlet hole to cause a
drop in pressure and a lower flow through the
hole.
Advantages:
) Small in size
) Less expensive
) Easy to manufacture
) Uniformity in discharge
) Resistant to clogging

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