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Excel

I. khi ng v mn hnh Excel

1. Khi ng
Sau khi khi ng WINdows lm theo mt trong cc cch sau
- Nhy chut vo biu tng Microsoft Excel gc trn bn phi mn hnh.

- Nu dng Win 3.1x, trong ca s Microsoft Office m chn biu tng

Microsoft Excel ri nhy p chut.
- Nu dng Win 95, nhy vo Start / Program / Microsoft Excel

2. Mn hnh
a - Cc thnh phn ca mn hnh Excel
Mn hnh ca Excel l mt ca s c phng to v trng gn ging
mn hnh ca Word, bao gm cc thnh phn sau :
- Thanh tiu (Title bar) : dng trn cng ca mn hnh, khi mi khi
ng Excel ti y ghi Microsoft Excel - Book1, khi ta t tn cho bng
tnh, tn ny km theo phn m rng . XLS s thay th t Book1.
- Cc thanh Menu, Cng c, nh dng ging nh ca Word. Phn ln cc
biu tng trn cc thanh ny c cng dng ngha nh trong Word,
ngha ca mt s biu tng dng ring cho Excel c ghi trn trang 3.
- Thanh Cng thc (Formula Bar) : l dng th nm ca mn hnh hin th
to (a ch hoc tn) , nt hu b :, nt la chn ;, ni dung d
liu trong hin ti ( c khung vin chung quanh)
- Thanh Trng thi (Status bar) : l dng cui cng hin th cc ch hot
ng ca Excel :
Ready
Enter
Pointer
Edit

: ang sn sng lm vic.

: ang nhp d liu hay cng thc.
: ang ghi cng thc tham chiu n mt a ch.
: ang iu chnh d liu hay cng thc trong hin ti

- Thanh th tn bng tnh (Sheet tabs) : l dng ngay trn thanh Trng thi,
hin th tn ca cc bng tnh (khi chng cha c t tn, ti y ghi
Sheet1, Sheet2, ..., Sheet16). Bn tri l cc nt chuyn ti cc bng tnh.

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Excel

- Thanh cun Dc (Vertical Scroll Bar), cun Ngang (Horizontal Scroll Bar)
ging nh trong Word.
- Ca s Bng tnh (Worksheet Window) l phn ln nht dng nhp d
liu, tnh ton, v th nh sau :

Hp Tn (a ch)
Nt chn ton b bng tnh

Tn ct
Con tr

S th t hng
Mc in
Nt chuyn ti bng tnh
Bng tnh hin ti

Th tn bng tnh
Thanh th tn bng tnh

b - Cc thnh phn ca ca s Bng tnh :

- Ct (Column) : L tp hp cc trong bng tnh theo chiu dc c nh
th t bng ch ci (t tri sang phi bt u t A, B, C, ...
AA, AB n IV, tng s c 256 ct). Ngoi cng bn tri
l nt chn (nh du khi) ton b bng tnh.
- Hng (Row) : L tp hp cc trong bng tnh theo chiu ngang c
nh th t bng s t 1 n 16.384).
- (Cell) :

L giao ca mt ct v mt hng. a ch ca c xc
nh bng ct trc, hng sau, v d C4, AB25.
hin ti :
L c khung vin chung quanh vi mt chm vung nh
gc phi di (Mc in) hay cn gi l Con tr (sau
y gi tt l con tr). To ca ny c hin th trn
thanh Cng thc.
- Con tr bn phm : L vch ng | nhp nhy biu th v tr k t s
c chn vo.
- Con tr chut c cc dng sau :
Du
: dng a con tr v v tr no .
Du : dng chn lnh, biu tng hoc cun bng tnh.

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c - Dch chuyn con tr trong Bng tnh theo mt trong cc cch

sau :
- Tr chut vo cn chuyn ti, bm nt tri.
- n cc phm mi tn
PgUp, PgDn
Home
Tab
Shift + Tab
End + Home
- F5, a ch ,

: chuyn ti cc hng, ct ln cn.

: ln hoc xung mt mn hnh.
: V A1.
: Sang phi mt mn hnh
: Sang tri mt mn hnh
: n cui cng ca bng tnh
: V , v d v nhanh H22, ta n phm F5,
g H22 ri n
Ch : Cc thao tc c du ch thc hin c khi chn lnh Tools,
Option, Transition, in du : tu chn Transition Navigation
Keys
3. Ra khi Excel
theo mt trong cc cch sau :

- Chn File, Exit hoc

- n Alt + F4
- Nhy p chut ti du tr gc tri trn ca
mn hnh tr v Windows 3.x.
- Nhy vo du : trn cng gc phi ca mn
hnh tr v Windows 95.

ngha cc biu tng trn thanh cng c

(ToolBar)
Help : Tr gip
Tip Wizard : Gi
Zoom Control : Phng to, thu nh bng tnh
Drawing : V mt hnh
Texbox : Hp vn bn

AutoSum : Tnh tng

Function Wizard : Gi hm
Sort Acsending : Sp xp tng
Sort Decsending : Sp xp gim
Chart Wizard : V th

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ngha cc biu tng trn thanh nh dng

(Formating)
Font Color : Mu ch
Color : Mu nn
Borders : ng vin
Decrease Decimal : Bt i 1s thp phn
Increase Decimal : Tng thm 1s th.p.

Comma Style : Du tch nghn, triu, t

Percent Style: Nhn vi 100 v in du %
Currency Style : in du tin t
Center Accross Columns : Cn vo gia ca nhiu
ngha cc thnh phn ca thanh cng thc
(FormULA BAR)
Hp Tn (a ch ) hin ti

Nt hu b ni dung va g

Ni dung hin ti

Nt gi hm
Nt in ni dung va g

II. cc thao tc vi bng tnh

1. Lu (ghi) bng tnh ln a
Chn biu tng Save hoc mc File, Save. Nu y l ln u tin
thc hin thao tc ny vi bng tnh, ta phi g vo tn cho bng tnh trong
File Name theo quy tc t tn tp ca DOS, Excel s t gn kiu .XLS
cho n. Tn bng tnh s xut hin trn thanh tiu ca ca s.
Sau trong qu trnh lm vic, ta thng xuyn ghi bng tnh ln a
bng cch trn m khng cn t tn cho n.
Nu ta cn lu gi bng tnh vi tn khc, chn mc File, Save As v
t tn mi cho n.

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Excel

2. M bng tnh c trn a

Chn biu tng Open hoc mc File, Open. Xut hin hp thoi Open
vi danh sch cc bng tnh trong khung File Name c xp theo th t
A,B,C. Ta chn tp cn thit ri chn OK. Nu bng tnh ta cn li trn
a khc hoc th mc khc, ta chn a t Drives, nhy p ti th mc
cn thit ca khung Directories
Excel cn c cch m bng tnh khc: chn mc File, xut hin Menu
dc vi danh sch 4* bng tnh mi lm gn nht pha di. Ta chn tp
cn thit t danh sch ny. Danh sch cc bng tnh ny c th nhiu hn
tu thuc vo ngi ci t.
3. ng bng tnh
Trc khi chuyn sang bng tnh khc hoc lm vic khc, phi ghi tp
ln a sau mi ng n bng cch chn mc File, Close. Nu qun
cha ghi tp ln a, Excel s hi :
Do you want to save change to <FileName>. XLS ?
Chn Yes ghi li, No khng ghi nhng thay i va to ra cho
bng tnh.
4. Chn thm 1 bng tnh
- Insert / Worksheet, hoc
- Nhy nt phi chut trn thanh th tn bng tnh gi Menu tt (sau y
chng ta quy c gi thao tc ny l [Menu tt], chn Insert Worksheet
5. Xo bt 1 bng tnh
- Edit, Delete Sheet, hoc
- [Menu tt], Delete sheet
6. i tn bng tnh
- Nhy p vo th tn (tc l vo tn bng tnh, sau y chng ta quy c
gi l th tn) trn thanh th tn hoc Format / Sheet / Rename hoc
[Menu tt], Rename
- G vo tn mi, hoc OK
7. Sao chp / Chuyn 1 bng tnh
Cch 1: Gi Ctrl trong khi ko th th tn ti mt th tn khc (Sheet
khc). Nu khng gi Ctrl bng tnh s c chuyn i.
Cch 2: Edit, Move or Copy Sheet. Chn v tr t bng tnh hin ti trc
bng tnh no trong khung Before Sheet. Nu nh du chn vo
Creat a Copy, Excel s sao chp bng tnh ch khng chuyn n.

Con s ny c th khc, tu thuc vo vic chn Tools, Options, Recently Used Files
List

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Ch dng cch 2 nu bng tnh ngun v ch cch xa nhau (khng

thy th tn ca chng cng mt lc).
8. Tch bng tnh
C 3 cch gip ta ng thi thy nhng phn khc nhau ca bng tnh
Cch 1: Tr chut vo thanh tch cho xut hin mi tn 2 u, ko th n
ti v tr cn tch.
Cch 2: a con tr v v tr cn tch, chn mc Window / Split. Sau
b tch chn Window / Remove Split
Cch 3: a con tr v v tr cn tch, chn mc Window / Freeze Panes.
Sau b tch chn Window / Unfreeze Panes
9. n v hin li 1 bng tnh
- Chn Format, Sheet, Hide n bng tnh
- hin li bng tnh Format, Sheet, Unhide
10. Bo v bng tnh
nhng thit lp v Bo v v che giu (xem trang 26) c tc dng,
cn bo v bng tnh. Cch lm nh sau :
- Tool / Protection
- Chn Protect Sheet bo v bng tnh, chn Protect Workbook bo v
tp bng tnh.
- Nu cn thit g mt khu vo vng Password. 2 ln g phi ging nhau
v lu rng mt khu trong Excel phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng !
- b tnh trng bo v : chn Tool / Protection / Unprotect Sheet hay
Unprotect Workbook. Nu c mt khu, phi g vo, nu ng ta mi cp
nht c bng tnh.
11. Chn nhiu bng tnh
a. Lin k :

Nhy chut vo th tn u, gi Shift trong khi nhy chut

vo th tn cui
b. Cch nhau : Gi Ctrl trong khi ln lt nhy chut vo cc th tn
c. b vic chn mt bng tnh no : gi Ctrl trong khi nhy chut vo
th tn ca bng tnh

IIi. X l d liu trong bng tnh

1. Cc kiu d liu
Trong mi ch c th cha mt kiu d liu. Kiu d liu ca ph
thuc vo k t u tin g vo. Cc kiu d liu trong mt c phn ra
nh sau :
a - Dng chui (Text)
- Bt u bi cc ch ci a n z hoc A n Z

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- Nhng d liu chui dng s nh : s in thoi, s nh, m s, .v.v.

khi nhp vo phi bt u bng du nhy n (') v khng c gi tr tnh
ton.
- Theo mc nh, d liu dng chui c cn sang tri .
b - Dng s (Number)
Bt u bi : - Cc s t 0 n 9.
- Cc du +, - , (, *, $ (hoc mt du n v tin khc tu
thuc vo vic t cc thng s quc t ca Windows).
- Theo mc nh, d liu dng s c cn sang phi .
c - Dng cng thc (Formulas)
Bt u bi cc du = hoc +. Sau khi n cng thc nhp vo ch
th hin trn thanh cng thc cn kt qu ca n c th hin trong .
Nu thy :
##### :
#DIV/0! :
#NAME? :
#N/A :
#VALUE! :

C th l do :
Ct qu hp
Chia cho 0
Thc hin php tnh vi mt bin khng xc nh
(tn khng gn vi mt hay mt vng no c)
Tham chiu n mt rng hoc khng c trong
danh sch
Sai v kiu ca ton hng (v d : ly s chia cho k
t hoc ngy thng)

d - Dng Ngy (Date), gi (Time)

Trong cch trnh by di y :
DD l 2 con s ch Ngy
MM l 2 con s ch Thng
YY l 2 con s ch Nm
Nhp theo dng MM/DD/YY hoc DD/MM/YY tu thuc vo vic
t cc thng s quc t ca Windows, v d nu t thng s quc t
kiu Php, ta g vo 27/09/04, trng hp dng kiu M (ngm nh) ta
g vo 09/27/04. Khi nhp sai dng thc, Excel t ng chuyn sang
dng chui (cn sang tri ) v ta khng th dng d liu kiu ny
tnh ton.
C th nhp ngy bng cch :
- nhp hm =DATE(YY,MM,DD), y l cch nhp ngy tt nht.
- sau chn Format, Cells, Number, Date v chn dng th hin
ngy khung bn phi.
c bit : Ctrl + ; (du chm phy) cho Ngy h thng
Ctrl + Shift + ;
cho Gi h thng
- Theo mc nh, d liu dng ngy thng c cn sang phi .

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2. Cc ton t trong cng thc

a - Ton t s
+ cng
- tr
*
nhn
(v d = 10*50 cho kt qu 500)
/
chia
= 126/3
42
^
lu tha
= 5^2
25
% phn trm
= 50%*600
300
Th t u tin ca cc php ton nh sau : lu tha trc ri n nhn
chia v sau cng mi n cng tr. Cc php ton cng mc u tin (nh
nhn chia hoc cng tr) thc hin t tri sang phi. Mun thay i th t u
tin, dng cc cp ngoc trn, ton t trong cp ngoc su nht s c
thc hin trc. V d: cc A1, B1, C1 cha cc s 2,3, 4, nu trong D1 g
=A1+B1*C1 s c kt qu 14, g =(A1+B1)*C1 s c kt qu 20.
b - Ton t chui
& Ni chui ="Tin "&"hoc" Tin hc
c - Ton t so snh
> ln hn
>= ln hn hoc bng < > khc
< nh hn
<= nh hn hoc bng
Cc ton t so snh cho kt qu l True (ng) hoc False (Sai). V d,
trong A1 ang c s 26, B1 c s -125. Nu ti C1 g cng thc
= A1>B1 s nhn c kt qu TRUE
= A1<=B1 s nhn c kt qu FALSE, v.v..
3. Nhp d liu
a - D liu bt k
- a con tr v cn thit.
- Nhp d liu theo loi dng thc.
- kt thc vic nhp d liu, lm theo mt trong cc cch sau :
n phm Enter, con tr s xung di.
n mt phm mi tn a con tr sang cn thit, v d n phm

s a con tr sang bn phi.

Chn nt ; (mu xanh l cy) trn thanh cng thc.
Tr chut vo cn ti, n nt tri.

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C th dng min nhp d liu sau y:

Gi s cn nhp 2 ct :
Dng
Vn
Khoa
Tun
H

200
300
150
180
250

vo cc A1: B5. Ta lm theo cc bc

sau :
- nh du khi min A1:B5 (xem trang 13 v cch nh du khi)
- nhp theo tng hng, n phm Tab sau mi ln g d liu vo mt .
- nhp theo tng ct, n phm sau mi ln g d liu vo mt .
Hng dch chuyn ca nhp d liu khi n Tab hoc :
A
1
2
3
4
5

1
2
3
4
5

n Tab

b. D liu trong cc ging nhau :

- nh du khi min cn in d liu (v d A1:B5)
- G vo d liu (v d s 2000)
- Kt thc vic nhp bng cch n phm Ctrl + .
Kt qu l : min A1:B5 s c in kn bi s 2000
c. D liu trong cc tun theo mt quy lut
Chui s vi bc nhy l 1:
- a con tr v u tin ca min, g vo s bt u, v d
nh s th t cho mt s bt u t 1, ta g 1.
- Tr chut vo mc in cho xut hin du + mu en, gi phm Ctrl
trong khi ko v th chut ti cui ca min (t y v sau ta gi
thao tc ny l in t ng (AutoFill)). Kt qu ta c chui s 1,
2, 3, ...
Chui s vi bc nhy bt k:
- a con tr v u tin ca min, g vo s bt u, v d c
chui s chn ta g 2 vo mt no .
- V di (hoc bn phi) ca min, g vo s tip theo, v d 4.

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- nh du khi 2 ny, tr chut vo mc in cho xut hin du +

mu en, ko v th chut ti cui ca min.
A
Ko du + v th ti
A7, ta s c chui
s 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 tai
min A1:A7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

B
2
4

Chui Ngy thng tng :

- a con tr v u tin ca min, g vo ngy thng nm bt u.
- Tr chut vo mc in cho xut hin du +, bm gi nt phi, ko
th ti cui min.
- Trong menu tt chn :
Fill Days :
tng 1 ngy (v d : 15/04/1999, 16/04/1999, 17/04/1999)
Fill Months : tng 1 thng (v d : 15/04/1999, 15/05/1999, 15/06/1999)
Fill Years :
tng 1 nm(v d : 15/04/1999, 15/05/2000, 15/06/2001)
in mt danh sch t to :
- Nu danh sch ny cha c th phi to bng cch :
- Tools / Option / Custom List
- Trong khung List Entries ln lt nhp cc gi tr cho danh sch, ht
mi gi tr bm xung dng. V d : Th Hai Th Ba . Cui
cng ta c nh hnh sau :

- OK
- s dng :
- nhp mt gi tr c trong danh sch t to vo u
- in t ng ti cui min (xem cch in t ng trang 9).

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d. D liu kiu cng thc

- Phi bt u bi du = hoc cc du +,
- Khi cn ly s liu no nhy chut vo hoc g vo a ch
V d : tnh Lng theo cng thc : Lng = S NC x Tin 1 Ngy
lm theo cc bc sau :
1. Chn min E2:E7 (v cng thc tnh trong min ging nhau : u ly s
ct C nhn vi s ct D- xem phn b. trn)
2. G vo du =
3. Tr chut vo C2, n nt tri (hoc g C2)
4. G du *
5. Tr chut vo D2, n nt tri (hoc g D2). Ti E2 v thanh cng
thc xut hin = C2*D2
6. n Ctrl + . Ti cc t E2 n E7, Excel cho kt qu tnh Lng ca tng
ngi.
Ta cng c th lm nh sau :
- B qua bc 1
- Thc hin cc bc t 2 n 5, sau bc 5 chn nt ; trn thanh cng
thc (hoc n )
- tnh Lng cho nhng ngi cn li, a con tr v E2, in t ng
cho ti E7.
A

STT

Tn

S NC

Lun

20

Uyn

26

40

Hi

18

35

Minh

22

45

Tun

15

20

Hng

16

25

Cng

Tin
Lng
1 Ngy
50
= C2*D2

T l
=E2/$E$8

=SUM(E2:E7)

Tnh t l phn trm Lng ca tng ngi so vi Tng Lng :

1. a con tr v F2
2. G vo du =, dng chut chn E2 (hoc g E2), g du /, nhy chut
vo E8 (hoc g E8). Chn nt ; trn thanh cng thc (hoc n )
3. tnh T l cho nhng ngi cn li, a con tr v F2, sao chp
cng thc tnh bng cch in t ng cho ti F7.
Ti cc F3:F7 xut hin #DIV/0! (chia cho 0). Khi a con tr v
F3, ta thy trn thanh cng thc ghi = E3/E9, Excel ly s bn tri

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(E3) chia cho s cch 6 (E9), ... tc l s dng a ch tng i.

bo cho Excel ly ln lt cc s t E2 n E7 chia cho s c nh
E8 ( ny l a ch tuyt i), ta lm nh sau :
- a con tr v E2, nhy p nt chut, sau a con tr bn phm v
ngay trc k hiu E8, n phm F4, du $ c in vo trc v gia k
hiu , n ri copy cng thc ny xun E7.
- nh du khi cc t E2 n E7 (xem phn 5a di y), chn biu
tng % (Percent Style) trn thanh nh dng, Excel i ra dng phn
trm v in du % cho cc s. ly chnh xc hn, ta chn cc ny
ri chn biu tng Increase Decimal, mi ln n chut ti biu tng
ny, cc con s li c thm mt s thp phn.

Tnh Tng Lng v ghi vo E8:

- a con tr v E8
- G vo du =, tr chut vo biu tng (AutoSum), nhy p. Nu dng
bn phm, g vo cng thc =SUM(E2:E7)
e. Cng thc mng
Ngoi vic sao chp cng thc tng i nh trn, Excel cn cung cp
mt phng tin khc gn gng h, l mng (array)
Mng c dng khi ta gp phi mt lng tnh ton nhiu v phc tp
trn mt v tr nh hp, hoc dng thay th cc cng thc cn lp li
nhiu ln, mng gip tit kim c b nh (thay v phi c 100 cng thc
sao chp vo 100 , ch cn mt cng thc mng l ).
Nhp mt cng thc mng (array formula):
- V cn thit, nu l dy , phi nh du khi chng (xem trang 13).
v d trn bi en min E2:E7.
- Khc vi loi cng thc tng i (trong v d trn l = C2*D2), y
phi nhp ton b dy : =C2:C7*D2:D7.
- Kt thc phi n Ctrl + Shift + (gi ng thi 2 phm Ctrl v Shift
trong khi n ). Excel s bao cng thc mng ny trong cp ngoc nhn :
{=C2:C7*D2:D7)]}
Sa mt cng thc mng :
- V bt k p dng cng thc mng cn sa
- Nhy chut ln thanh cng thc. Cc du ngoc { } bin mt.
- Tin hnh sa cng thc. Sa xong bm Ctrl + Shift +
Ch nh (bi en) mt dy mng :
V bt k ca dy mng lm theo mt trong hai cch sau :
Cch 1 : Bm Ctrl + / (gi phm Ctrl trong khi n phm s cho xui)
Cch 2 : Bm F5, chn Special sau chn Current Array

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4. Sa, xo d liu
a - Xo
- a con tr v hoc chn min cn thit
- n phm Delete
b - Sa : Lm theo mt trong hai cch sau :
- Nhy p chut ti (hoc n phm F2), ni dung ca xut hin ti
v ti thanh cng thc, a con tr bn phm v ch cn thit v sa.
Ta nn bm chut ti thanh cng thc v sa ti , sa xong chn k
hiu ; (hoc n ) ghi li, chn : (hoc n Esc) hu b mi sa
i.
- Nhp d liu mi cho , sau n phm
5. Cc thao tc vi khi
Khi l mt min ch nht trn bng tnh.
a - nh du (chn) khi
- Tr chut vo mt gc ca khi, bm nt tri ng thi ko chut v gc
i din theo ng cho
hoc
- a con tr v mt gc ca khi, gi phm Shift ng thi s dng cc
phm mi tn a con tr v gc i din theo ng cho.
Ch : Sau khi c chn, ton b khi, tr gc xut pht, i mu.
Cc phng php c bit :
+ Khi l mt min lin tc :
Chn khi bt k : a con tr v gc tri trn ca khi, gi phm
Shift ng thi n nt tri chut ti gc phi di ca n.
Chn mt ct : n nt tri chut ti tn ct (cc ch A, B,...) , hoc
n Ctrl + Du cch.
Chn mt hng : n nt tri chut ti s th t ca hng (cc s
1,2,...), hoc n Shift + Du cch.
Chn ton b bng tnh : n nt tri chut ti nt chn ton b bng
tnh (bn tri ct A pha trn hng 1) hoc n t hp phm Ctrl + Shift
+ du cch
+ Chn cc ri rc : a con tr ti u nh chn, gi Ctrl v bm nt
tri chut ti cc nh chn tip theo.
+ Khi l cc min ri rc : Chn vng u, gi Ctrl,bm nt tri v r
chut ti cc min khc.
V d : chn c cc min nh hnh di y, ta lm theo cc bc
sau :
- Chn min lin tc B2:C3

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- n gi phm Ctrl v chn min lin tc E4:G7

- Gi nguyn phm Ctrl v chn min lin tc C9:F11

b - Copy, xo, dn khi dng b nh m (thng dng khi min ch v

min ngun cch nhau hoc dn mt khi vo nhiu ch khc
nhau). Trc khi thc hin cc thao tc sau, ta phi chn khi cn thit.
+ Copy : Chn biu tng Copy, hoc n Ctrl+C, hoc chn mc Edit, Copy.
+ Xo : Chn biu tng Cut, hoc n Ctrl+X, hoc chn mc Edit, Cut.
+ Ly khi t b nh m ra dn vo bng tnh
- a con tr ti gc tri trn ca min ch.
- Chn biu tng Paste, hoc n Ctrl+V, hoc chn mc Edit, Past.
c - Copy, chuyn khi dng chut
- Chn khi cn thit
- Tr chut vo bin ca khi sao cho xut hin . Sau thc hin
mt trong cc thao tc sau :
+ Gi Ctrl ng thi ko v th khi ti v tr ch Copy khi.
Nu trong bc ny khng dng phm Ctrl th khi s c
chuyn ti v tr ch, hoc
+ Bm gi nt phi chut, ko v th khi ti v tr ch. Xut hin
thc n cho php chn mt trong cc phng n.
Copy
: Copy ton b, bao gm c d liu v khun dang.
Move
: Chuyn d liu.
Copy Value : Ch copy d liu.
Copy Format : Ch copy khun dng.
Ch : Khi copy d liu
- Nu min ngun cha d liu s hoc chui, kt qu min ch s ging
min ngun.
- Nu min ngun cha cng thc, kt qu min ch s thay i hay
khng tu thuc vo cng thc trong min ngun tham chiu n a
ch tng i hay a ch tuyt i.

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Khoa CNTT - VH M

15

6. X l , ct, hng trong bng tnh

a - Thay i kch thc ct, hng

Mt ct / mt hng :
- Ct : Tr chut vo vch ng bn phi tn ct sao cho xut hin
, ko v th vch ti v tr mi.
- Hng : Tr chut vo vch ngang di s th t hng sao cho xut
hin , ko v th vch
ti v tr mi.
Ko v th vch ny ti v tr mi
thay i rng ct C

Ko v th vch ny ti v tr mi
thay i chiu cao hng 4

Nhiu ct / Nhiu hng :

- Ct

: - Chn mt s ca cc ct.
- Format, Colum, Width.
- G vo rng mi cho cc ct
- OK hoc
- Hng : - Chn mt s ca cc hng.
- Format, Row, Height.
- G vo chiu cao mi cho cc hng
- OK hoc
b - Chn thm ct, hng,

Ct :
- Chn khi l tn cc ct (cc ch A, B, ...) ti v tr cn chn, cn thm
bao nhiu ct ta chn by nhiu.
- Chn Insert, Columns. Excel s chn thm cc ct trng v y cc
ct c chn sang phi

Hng :
- Chn khi l s th t ca cc hng (cc s 1, 2, ...) ti v tr cn chn,
cn thm bao nhiu hng ta chn by nhiu.
- Chn Insert, Rows. Excel s chn thm cc hng trng v y cc
hng c chn xung di.

Khoa CNTT - VH M

Excel

16

:
- Chn khi l cc ti v tr cn chn (nh v d di y l cc
C3:D4), cn thm bao nhiu ta chn by nhiu.
- Chn Insert, Cells. xut hin hp thoi Insert

Chn
- Shift Cells Right : y cc c chn sang phi
- Shift Cells Left : y cc c chn xung di
- OK hoc
: thc hin lnh
c - Xo ct, hng,
Ct : - Chn khi l tn cc ct (cc ch A, B, ...) ti v tr cn xo,
cn xo bao nhiu ct ta chn by nhiu.
- Chn Edit, Delete.
Hng : - Chn khi l s th t cc hng (cc s 1, 2, ...) ti v tr cn
xo, cn xo bao nhiu ct ta chn by nhiu.
- Chn Edit, Delete.
:

- Chn khi l cc cn xo.

- Chn Edit, Delete.
Xut hin hp thoi Delete

Chn
- Shift Cells Left : chuyn d liu ca cc
bn phi sang vng b xo
- Shift Cells Up : chuyn d liu ca cc
pha di ln vng b xo.
- Entire Row
: xo ton b cc hng cha vng c chn.
- Entire Column : xo ton b cc ct cha vng c chn.
- OK hoc
: thc hin lnh
d - Chuyn hng thnh ct v ngc li
Gi s cn chuyn d liu ang c xp thnh ct trong cc A2:A6
thnh hng ti cc C3:F3, ta lm nh sau :

Excel

Khoa CNTT - VH M
A
1
2
3
4
5
6

STT
Tn
Ton
Tin
Anh

STT

Tn

Ton

17
F

Tin

Anh

- Chn cc mun cho i ch hay cn gi l min ngun (A2:A6)

- Chn biu tng Copy hoc Ctrl+C
- a con tr v u tin ca min dn (C3).
- Chn mc Edit, Past Special, nh du chn Transpose
- OK
Ch : Min ngun v min dn khng c giao nhau (khng c c
chung)
f - n/ hin ct, hng
tin cho thao tc, trn cc bng tnh, nht l cc bng tnh ln, ngi
ta thng cho n cc ct (hoc hng) khng cn thit. Khi no cn li cho
chng hin tr li. Cch lm nh sau :
- Chn cc ct (hoc cc hng) cn n i.
- Chn Format, Column (hoc Row).
- Chn Hide.
Ti v tr cc ct (hoc hng) n, xut hin ng k dc (hoc ngang)
m, cc ct (hoc hng) b n vn c tc dng (vn s dung tnh ton).
cho chng hin tr li, ta lm nh :
- Chn cc ct (hoc cc hng) lin k vi chng. V d cn cho cc ct
C, D, E hin tr li, ta chn cc ct ng ngay trc v sau chng : B,
F; cn cho cc hng 4, 5, 6 hin tr li, ta chn cc hng ngay trn
v ngay di chng : 3, 7.
- Chn Format, Column (hoc Row), Unhide
g - C nh ct, hng tiu
cc bng tnh ln, khi cun xem hoc nhp d liu phn di th
khng cn thy tiu ct ca chng hng trn cng, do rt d b
nhm ln gia ct n vi ct kia. Tng t nh vy, khi cun xem hoc
nhp d liu bn phi th khng cn thy cc ct tri nht (nh cc ct H
tn, Mt hng, ... ), rt d b nhm ln hng n vi hng kia, Excel gip ta
c nh ct, hng tiu , cch lm nh sau :
- a con tr v chun c nh. ny phi nm ngay di hng v
ngay bn phi ct cn c nh. V d, cn c nh cc ct A, B v cc
hng 1, 2, ta a con tr v C3
- Chn Window, Freeze Pane. Ti chun xut hin 2 ng k dc v
ngang.

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18

- hu b vic c nh ct, hng tiu , chn Window, Unfreeze

Pane
7. nh dng d liu
a - nh dng k t
- Chn min d liu cn nh dng, sau
Dng chut

Font

Font Size

Color

Font Color

- Chn mt kiu ch t hp Font

- Chn mt c ch t hp Size
- Chn Bold (hoc b) in m, chn Italic (hoc b) in nghing,
chn Underline (hoc b) gch chn
- Chn Color t mu nn.
- Chn Font Color t mu ch.
Dng Menu ( c th chn nhiu mc ng thi)
- Format, Cells, Font
- Chn Color t mu ch.
- Chn mt kiu ch t hp Font

- Chn mt c ch t hp Size
- Trong Font Style chn Italic in nghing, chn Bold in m,
chn Bold Italic in va nghing va m, chn Regular k t tr
li bnh thng.
- Trong Underline chn mt kiu gch chn : None (b gch chn),
Single (gch bng nt n), Double (gch bng nt i), Single
Accounting (gch bng nt n kiu ti chnh n cui mp phi ca

Excel

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19

), Double Accounting (gch bng nt i kiu ti chnh n cui mp

phi ca )
- Chn Color t mu ch.
- Trong Effect : chn Strikerthough (gch ngang), Superscript (s
m), Subscript (ch s)
- Chn Normal Font nu mun b mi trnh by v ly li kiu ngm
nh.
Dng bn phm
Dng t hp phm
Ctrl + B
Ctrl + I
Ctrl + U
Ctrl + 5
Ctrl + Shift + F
Ctrl + Shift + P

In m
In nghing
Gch chn
Gch ngang
M danh sch Font ch
M danh sch c ch

b - nh dng s
- Chn min d liu cn nh dng, sau chn cc biu tng tng
ng trn thanh nh dng (xem ngha ca chng trn trang 4)
Dng biu tng
i thnh
S
123
Currency Style (in du tin t)
$ 123.00
123456
Comma Style (Du tch nghn, triu, t)
123,456.00
0.156
Percent Style (Nhn vi 100 v in du %) 15.6 %
12.346
Increase Decimal (ly thm 1 s thp phn) 12.3460
12.346
Decrease Decimal (gim i 1 s thp phn) 12.35
Trong cc v d trn, cc thng s quc t (du tin t; du tch nghn,
triu, t; du thp phn) l kiu M (ngm nh). C th t li cc thng s
ny cho ph hp.
n (che i) cc s khng (0)
- Chn cc cn thit
- Chn Format, Cells
- Chn Number
- Trong Code g vo 0;0;
- OK
c - Canh bin (dng hng)
- Chn vng d liu cn canh bin
Dng biu tng (ch cn c theo chiu ngang)

Excel

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Cn mt tiu vo
gia nhiu
Cn thng phi

Cn thng tri

Cn vo gia

V d : c tiu nh di y, ta lm nh sau :
A
1
2

i hc m hn

cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

khoa cntt

c lp - T do - Hnh phc

3
Ti A1 g i hc m hn
Ti A2 g khoa cntt
Chn min A1:D2, chn biu tng

(cn vo gia nhiu )

Ti E1 g cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

Ti E2 g c lp - T do - Hnh phc
Chn min E1:K2, chn biu tng Cn vo gia nhiu
Dng Menu cn c theo c chiu ngang ln chiu dc
- Format, Cells. Xut hin hp thoi Format Cells

- Chn Aligment
Cc thng s dng hng ca d liu trong bao gm :
Horizontal : theo chiu ngang
General:
K t c cn v bn tri, s c cn sang phi, cc gi tr
logic v li c cn vo gia.

Khoa CNTT - VH M

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21

Left,Center,Right : Cn sang tri, vo gia, sang phi.

Fill :
T in y (trong ch cn g 1 nhm k t sau
chn mc ny, Excel s in y min bng nhm ny)
Justify :
Center Across :
Selection
Orientation :
Wrap Text :

Cn thng 2 bn. Trng hp rng ca ct nh hn ni

dung bn trong n, Excel t ng tng chiu cao ca hng.
Cn vo gia min chn (tng t nh vic chn
biu tng a )
Hng phn b
Nu chn s cho xung dng trong cc khi ni dung
vt qu chiu ngang (nh ct Trung bnh)

d - K khung
- Chn vng d liu cn k
khung
Dng chut
- Chn ca biu tng
Borders.
- Chn tip loi ng k cn
thit.
Dng Menu
- Chn Format, Cells, Border.
- Chn tip ng cn k trong khung Border :

Outline
: Vin xung quanh khi
Left, Right, Top, Bottom : Vin tri, phi, trn, di mi
Color
: Mu ca ng k
- Chn kiu ng k trong khung Style

Khoa CNTT - VH M

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22

e - T mu
- Format, Cells, Patterns
- Chn Patterns t mu nn.
- Chn Color t mu t.
f - nh dng t ng
Excel c sn mt s khun mu c s dng nh dng. Cc bc
nh sau :
- Chn vng d liu cn nh dng
- Format, AutoFormat

- Chn kiu to khun trong danh sch Table Format

- Nt Option cho php thc hin vic to khun t ng hn ch trn
cc cc kiu d liu nht nh.
- Vng Sample l mu ca khun c minh ho trn mt v d gi
nh.
8. t tn cho
t tn cho hay nhm c tc dng sau :
- Tn d c, d nh. Nh v d trn trang 11, tn "TongLuong" d hiu
v d nh hn cng thc =SUM(E2:E7).
- Khi gn tn c th tham chiu ti hay nhm bng tn, v d trong
F2 ta c th thay a ch $E$8 bng tn TongLuong.
- Vic di chuyn v mt (hay min) c t tn tr nn nhanh chng
v thun tin.
Tn phi bt u bi ch ci hoc du _ (ni di), \ (s cho ngc),
c di nhiu nht l 255 k t v khng c cha du cch. d
c, cc ch ci u mi t trong tn nn vit hoa, v d TongLuong hay
ni cc t bng du _ (ni di), v d Bang_Tra_Cuu. Khng nn g du
ting Vit trong tn.

Khoa CNTT - VH M

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23

a - t tn cho hay nhm bng tay

Sau khi chn hay nhm cn t tn lm theo mt trong hai cch sau:
Cch 1 : - Nhy chut ti ca hp Tn trn thanh cng thc, a ch ca
i sang mu xanh.
- Xo a ch i, g vo tn ri n
Cch 2 : - Chn mc Insert, Name, Define (hoc Ctrl + F3)
- Trong khung Names in Workbook g vo tn cho hay nhm .
- OK

b - t tn theo tiu ca ct hay hng (t ng)

Cc bc nh sau :
- Chn hay nhm cn t tn gm c cc tiu ct hoc hng, nh v
d trn trang 11 nh t tn cho dy ghi s ngy cng, ta chn C1:C7.
- Chn Insert, Name, Create (hoc Ctrl+Shift+F3).
- ngha cc mc trong hp Create Name nh sau :
Top Row :
Ly hng u (ca khi chn) lm tn
Bottom Row : Ly hng cui (ca khi chn) lm tn
Left Column : Ly ct bn tri (ca khi chn) lm tn
Right Column : Ly ct bn phi (ca khi chn) lm tn
- OK.
Kt qu l v d trn, min C2:C7 c t tn l S_NC
c - Dn tn vo cng thc
Khi nhp hay sa cng thc, thay v in vo a ch ca (hay min)
c t tn, ta
- n F3 (hoc nhy chut ti ca Hp Tn trn thanh cng thc, hoc
chn mc Insert, Name, Paste )
- Chn tn cn thit t danh sch ri OK

Khoa CNTT - VH M

Excel

24

Nhy chut ti
y chn tn

c - V nhanh mt (hay min) c t tn

C th a con tr v nhanh mt (hay min) c t tn bng mt
trong 2 cch sau :
Cch 1 :
- Nhy chut ti ca Hp tn trn thanh cng thc v chn tn cn thit
t danh sch (hoc g a ch ca ).
Cch 2 :
- n F5
- Chn tn cn thit t danh sch
- OK
y cng l phng php kim tra xem Tn c t cho mt
(hay min) no.
d - Xo tn
- Chn Insert, Name, Define.
- Chn tn cn xo t danh sch
- Chn Delete
- Chn OK hoc Close.
e - Ch
- Nu mun ly tn ca nhm ny t cho nhm khc, trc ht phi
xo tn i.
9. Ghi ch cho
C th thm phn ghi ch cho tng ring r. Nhng ghi ch ny gip
ta gii thch bng tnh ca mnh mt cch r rng hn (ti sao li dng hm
ny hay t a ch kia l tuyt i .v.v..).
a - To ghi ch
- V cn to ghi ch.
- M hp thoi CellNote theo mt trong hai cc sau :
Cch 1 : - Shift + F2
Cch 2 : - Chn mc Insert / Note
- G vo li ghi ch trong khung Text Note
- OK ng hp thoi.

Khoa CNTT - VH M

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25

Mt chm vung mu gc phi trn ca ch ra rng c

ghi ch. Nu khng thy chm vung ny hy lm nh sau :
- Tools / Options / View
- nh du chn vo Note Indicator
Hnh di y cho thy cc H7 v I7 c ghi ch. Nu ang dng
Excel 7 hoc Excel 97 th khi r chut vo I7, ni dung ghi ch c hin
th

b - Xem / Sa / Xo cc ghi ch
- Nu cn xem ghi ch ca mt : ch vic r chut vo , mt khung
vi ni dung ghi ch xut hin. tt khung ny : r chut sang khc.
- sa hay xo mt ghi ch : m hp thoi CellNote
- Chn ghi ch cn thit trong khung Note In Sheet
- Tin hnh sa ni dung ca ghi ch trong khung Text Note. xo ghi
ch : chn Delete

Khoa CNTT - VH M

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10. Bo v
Trong mt s trng hp, gii hn quyn s dng ca ngi khc, v
d : khng cho h sa i mt s ny hay xem cng thc mt s khc
.v.v.. hy s dng tnh nng bo v v che du . Cch lm nh sau :
- Chn hay nhm cn bo v.
- Chn mc Format / Cells / Protection.
- Trong hp thoi nh du chn vo
Locked : kho khng cho sa i
Hidden : che du cng thc
- OK
Sau cn phi bo v bng tnh th nhng thit lp trn mi c tc
dng. Xem phn 7. Bo v bng tnh trang 6.

iV. hm trong Excel

Hm (Function) c xem nh l cc cng thc nh sn nhm thc
hin cc tnh ton chuyn bit. Trn thc hin hm s cho mt gi tr
hoc mt thng bo li. Excel c trn 300 hm v c phn loi thnh
tng nhm.
1. Quy tc s dng hm
- Cc hm c dng tng qut : TNHM(Cc tham bin). V d :
TODAY( )
cho kt qu l ngy hin ti trong my 27/09/04
(hm khng cn tham bin)
LEN("Excel 5.0")
cho kt qu di ca chui l 9 (hm 1 tham bin)
AVERAGE(A1,B5,D8) cho kt qu l trung bnh cng cc s trong cc
A1, B5, D5 (hm nhiu tham bin)
- Tn hm c th vit thng hay hoa hoc va vit thng va vit hoa u
c.
- Cc tham bin c th c hoc khng nhng phi t trong hai du ( ) v
cch nhau bi du phy (nh trong ti liu ny), chm phy hoc mt du
ngn cch no khc tu theo cch t cc thng s quc t. Trong 1 hm
c th cha nhiu nht 30 tham bin nhng khng c vt qu 255 k
t.
- Trong hm khng c c du cch.
- Hm phi c bt u bi du = hoc du ca mt php tnh. Trng hp
dng mt hm lm tham bin cho mt hm khc (hm lng nhau,
nhiu nht l 7 mc) khng cn vit du = trc tn hm . V d : cc
A1, B1 cha s o cc cnh ca tam gic vung, khi cng thc
= SQRT(SUM(A1^2, B1^2)) g ti C1 cho s o cnh huyn.

Excel

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27

y, SQRT l hm khai cn bc 2, SUM l hm tnh tng (bnh phng ca

2 cnh gc vung), ta thy trc hm ny khng c du = v n c dng lm
tham bin (i s) cho hm SQRT.
2. Nhp hm vo bng tnh
C 3 cch nhp hm vo bng tnh :
- G vo t bn phm
(Function Wizard)
- Dng biu tng
- Dng menu
nhp hm : a con tr v cn thit ri chn mt trong cc cch
sau :
a - G vo t bn phm:
- G du =
- G vo tn hm, du (, cc tham bin theo ng dng thc quy nh,
du )
b - Dng biu tng Function Wizard. Cc bc nh sau :
1 -Chn biu tng
Wizard nh sau :

trn thanh cng c. Xut hin hp thoi Function

ngha ca cc nhm hm trong khung Function Category nh sau :

Most Recently Used : Cc hm s dng gn y nht
All
: Tt c cc hm
Financial
: Hm ti chnh
Date & Time
: Hm Ngy v Gi
Math & Trig
: Hm Ton v Lng gic
Statistical
: Hm thng k
Lookup & Reference : Hm Tm kim v Tham chiu

Khoa CNTT - VH M
Database
Text
Logical
Information

Excel

28

: Hm C s d liu
: Hm x l k t
: Hm Logic
: Cc hm Thng tin v , v bng tnh .v.v.

2 -Chn nhm hm trong khung Function Category. Khi di chuyn thanh

sng n nhm no, Excel s lit k cc hm ca nhm theo th t
ch ci trong khung Function Name.
3 -Chn nhm hm trong khung Function Name
4 -Chn Next. Xut hin hp thoi Function Wizard lit k cng dng,
khung cc tham bin cn nhp, khung cha gi tr kt qu ca hm ...

in cc tham bin ca hm bng cch n nt chut vo khung cn

thit, sau nhp t bn phm hoc r chut trn min d liu ( hnh
trn l chn min A3:C3). Trng hp cn gi hm khc, chn nt fx
bn tri ca khung.
5 -Chn Finish. Excel tt hp thoi v ghi kt qu ca hm vo .
6 -Lu :
+ ngha cc nt lnh khc :
- Next
: chuyn sang bc tip theo : Function Wizard step 2 of 2
- Back
: li v bc trc : Function Wizard step 1 of 2
- Cancel : hu b lnh
+ Khi con tr ti ang cha hm, nu chn Function Wizard
Excel s chuyn sang vic chnh sa hm, xut hin hp thoi
Editing Function 1 of 1 sau :

Khoa CNTT - VH M

Excel

29

c - Dng Menu
- Chn mc Insert, Function. Xut hin hp thoi Function Wizard
- Cc bc cn li ging nh khi chn biu tng fx (trang )
3. Mt s hm thng dng

3.1. Hm ngy thng

DATE(year,month,day)
Ch ra ngy dng s ng vi ngy thng nm.
V d : =DATE(04,09,27) tr v 27-09-04
DAY(date)
S ngy trong thng ca bin ngy thng date.
V d : =DAY(27-09-04) tr v 27
=DAY("27-Sep") tr v 27
MONTH(date)
S thng trong nm ca bin ngy thng date.
V d : =MONTH(27-09-04) tr v 9
=MONTH("27-Sep") tr v 9
Time(hour, minute, second)
Ch ra thi gian dng s.
V d : =TIME(19,5,14) tr v 19:05:14 hoc 7:05 PM
WEEKDAY(date)
Ch ra s th t ca ngy trong tun ca bin ngy thng date (Th Hai
l ngy th 1, Th Ba l ngy th 2, ..., Ch Nht l ngy th 7)
V d : =WEEKDAY(27-09-04) tr v 6
YEAR(date)
S nm ca bin ngy thng date.

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30

V d : =YEAR(27-09-04) tr v 2004

3.2. Hm k t
EXACT(text1, text2)
Nhn gi tr TRUE hay FALSE ph thuc vo hai chui text1 v text2
c ging ht nhau hay khng.
V d : =EXACT("EXCEL","EXCEL") tr v TRUE
=EXACT("EXCEL","Excel") tr v FALSE
FIND(find_text, text, atnum)
V tr ca chui con (Find_text) trong chui ln (text ) bt u t v tr
atnum, nu b qua atnum n c cho bng 1. Hm ny phn bit ch HOA
v thng
V d : =FIND("e","Excel 5.0") tr v 4
=FIND("E","Excel 5.0") tr v 1
=FIND("A","Excel 5.0") tr v #VALUE! (li)
FIXED(number, decimal, no_commas)
Chuyn s (number) thnh chui dng c nh vi decimal s thp
phn. Nu khng ghi decimal s cho 2 ch s thp phn. Nu no_commas
l FALSE (hoc khng ghi), chui in ra s c du ngn cch nghn triu
nh v d 1, nu no_commas l TRUE, chui in ra s khng c du ngn
cch ngn triu nh v d 2 (ch v d ny c 2 du phy)
V d : A1 cha s 12345.6789, khi
=FIXED(A1,3) tr v 12 345.679
=FIXED(A1, ,TRUE) tr v 12345.68
LEFT(text, number)
Ly number k t bn tri ca text.
V d : =LEFT("Excel 5.0", 5) tr v Excel
LEN(text)
di ca chui k t text.
V d : =LEN("Excel 5.0", 5) tr v 9
LOWER(text)
Chuyn text thnh ch thng.
V d : =LOWER("EXCEL") tr v excel
MID(text, numstart, numchar)
Tr li numchar k t ca text bt u t v tr numstart.
V d : =MID("Excel for Windows",11,3) tr v Win
PROPER(text)

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31

Chuyn cc ch ci u t ca text thnh ch vit hoa.

V d : =PROPER("excel for windows") tr v Excel For Windows
Ch : nu text l ting Vit, hm ny s cho kt qu sai.
V d : = PROPER("vit") tr v Vit
REPLACE(oldtext, numstart, numchar, newtext)
Thay newtext vo oldtext bt u t v tr numstart v c di numchar.
V d : =REPLACE("Ti hc Quattro 5.0",9,7,"Excel")
tr v Ti hc Excel 5.0
REPT(text,number)
Lp li text lin tip number ln.
V d : =REPT("Tin hc ",3) tr v Tin hc Tin hc Tin hc
RIGHT(text, number)
Ly ra number k t bn phi ca text.
V d : =RIGHT("Excel 5.0", 3) tr v 5.0
SEARCH(find_text, text, atnum)
Tng t hm Find nhng khng phn bit ch in hoa hay ch in
thng.
SUBSTITUTE(text, oldtext, newtext, instance)
Thay th newtext vo v tr oldtext trong text ln xut hin instance
(Nu khng c i s ny s thay th mi v tr).
V d : =SUBSTITUTE("Hy xem xem", "xem", "nhn",1)
tr v Hy nhn xem
=SUBSTITUTE("Hy xem xem", "xem", "y",2)
tr v Hy xem y
TRIM(text)
Ct b cc k t trng v ngha trong text.
V d : =TRIM(" MS Excel 5.0 ") tr v MS Excel 5.0
UPPER(text)
Chuyn text thnh ch in hoa ton b.
V d : =UPPER("excel") tr v EXCEL
VALUE(text)
Chuyn text sang s.
V d : =VALUE(RIGHT("Tel. 533332",6)) tr v 533332

3.3. Hm ton hc
ABS(x) : Gi tr tuyt i ca s x.

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ACOS(x) : Hm arccos ca x, x nm trong khong t -1 n 1. Gi tr gc

tr v theo radian t 0 n . Nu mun chuyn kt qu sang ,
nhn n vi 180/PI( )
ASIN(x) : Hm arcsin ca x, x nm trong khong t -1 n 1. Gi tr gc
tr v theo radian t -/2 n /2.
ATAN(x) : Hm arctangent ca x. Tng t nh ASIN(x)
COS(x) : Hm cos ca gc x, x l gc theo radian, nu l , phi nhn
n vi PI( )/180.
V d : = COS(0.785398) tr v 0.707107 (cos ca /4)
= COS(45*PI( )/180) tr v 0.707107 (cos ca 45o)
COSH(x) : Hm Cos Hyperbolic ca gc x.
COuntif(range, criteria) : m s khng rng tho tiu chun cho trc
Range L tp hp cc m ta mun m
Criteria Tiu chun, c th l s, ch hoc biu thc, xc nh xem s
m no.
Xt bng trn trang 55, m s ngi
+ C Lng bng 50, dng cng thc :
Cng thc =COUNTIF(D2:D10,50) cho kt qu l 3
+ Tui t 30 tr ln dng cng thc :
=COUNTIF(D2:D10,>=30) (phi biu thc trong du nhy kp )
+ Tn bt u bng ch H dng cng thc :
=COUNTIF(A2:A10,H*) (phi ch v du * trong du nhy kp )
Hm COUNTIF ch m theo 1 iu kin, v d ch m s N hoc ch
m s Tui t 30 tr ln. Nu cn m s N c tui t 30 tr ln (kt hp 2
iu kin) phi dng hm DCOUNT (xem trang 57)
DEGREES(x) : i radian sang
V d : = DEGREES(PI( )/4) tr v 45 ()
EXP(x) : Hm m ex (tr v lu tha ca e).
V d : = EXP(1) tr v 2.718281
INT(x) : S nguyn ln nht khng vt qu (nh hn) x.
V d : = INT(2.789) tr v 2
= INT(-2.4) tr v -3 (v -3 nh hn -2.4)
LN(x) : logarit t nhin ca x.
LOG(number, base) : Logarit c s base ca number
LOG10(number) : Logarit c s 10 ca number (log10x)
MDETERM(DC) : nh thc ma trn cho bi a ch vng DC.

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MINVERSE(DC) : Ma trn ngc ca DC.

MMULT(M1,M2) : Tch hai ma trn M1,M2.
MOD(n,t) : S d ca php chia nguyn n/t.
V d : =MOD(11,3) tr v 2
PI( ) : Tr v s bng 3.141592654
RAND( ) : S ngu nhin gia 0 v 1.
RANDBETWEEN(n1, n2)
S nguyn ngu nhin gia hai s nguyn n1 v n2.
ROUND(x,n)
Lm trn s x vi chnh xc n con s th n
- Nu n < 0 th x c lm trn n ch s thp phn th n
- Nu n > 0 th x c lm trn n ch s bn tri th n ca du (chm) thp phn
V d : A1 cha s 347 645.146, khi cng thc
=ROUND(A1,2) tr v 347 645.15
=ROUND(A1,1) tr v 347 645.10
=ROUND(A1,-3) tr v 348 000 (lm trn n hng nghn)
SIGN(x) : Xc nh du ca mt s. Tr v 1 nu x > 0, 0 nu x = 0, -1 nu x<0.
V d : = SIGN(10) tr v 1
= SIGN(4-4) tr v 0
= SIGN(7-25) tr v -1
SIN(x) :

hm Sin ca x.

SINH(x) : hm Sin Hyperbolic ca x.

SQRT(x) : hm cn bc hai ca x.
SUM(n1, n2, ..) : tng ca cc s n1, n2,..
SUMif(range,criteria,sum_range) : Cng nhng tho iu kin no .
Range
L vng so snh vi Criteria
Criteria
L iu kin cng, c th l s, ch hoc biu thc.
Quyt nh no trong vng Sum_Range s c cng
Sum_Range L vng s c cng
Cc trong Sum_range ch c cng nu cc tng
ng vi n trong Range tho mn Criteria
Xt bng trn trang 55, tnh tng lng ca nhng ngi
+ l N, dng cng thc :
= SUMIF(C2 : C10, N,D2 : D10) cho kt qu 280
+ ca nhng ngi c Lng t 50 tr ln, dng cng thc :

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= SUMIF(D2 : D10,">50",D2 : D10) (ch du nhy kp )

+ Tn bt u bng ch H dng cng thc :
= SUMIF(A2 : A10,H*,D2 : D10) (ch du nhy kp v du * )
Hm SUMIF ch tnh tng theo 1 iu kin. Nu cn tnh tng theo 2 iu
kin tr ln phi dng cng thc mng hoc hm DSMUM (xem trang 57)
TAN(x) :

hm Tang ca gc x.

TANH(x) : hm Tang Hyperbolic ca x.

TRUNC(x)
Ct b phn thp phn ca s x ch ly phn nguyn.
V d : = TRUNC(2.789) tr v 2
= TRUNC(-2.4) tr v -2, trong khi = INT(-2.4) tr v -3

3.4. Hm Logic
AND(logic1,logic2,..)
Nhn gi tr TRUE (ng) nu tt c cc biu thc logic1, logic2,... u
l TRUE, nhn gi tr FALSE (Sai) nu c t nht mt i s l FALSE
V d : =AND(5>3,6>4) tr v TRUE
=AND(5>3,6<=4) tr v FALSE
FALSE( )
Cho gi tr logic FALSE.
IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)
Tr li gi tr ghi trong value_if_true nu logical_test l TRUE v gi tr
ghi trong value_if_false trong trng hp ngc li. Hm IF c th lng
nhau n 7 cp.
V d : Gi s trong B4 ghi tui ca mt ngi, khi cng thc
= IF(B4>=16,"Ngi ln","Tr em") cho kt qu l Ngi ln
nu tui t 16 tr ln, l Tr em nu tui di 16
kim tra xem D2 cha s no dng
= IF(D2>0,"S dng", IF(D2=0,"S khng",S m"))
NOT(logic) : hm ph nh.
V d : = NOT(1+1>2) tr v TRUE
= NOT(1+1=2) tr v FALSE
OR(logic1,logic2,...)
Nhn gi tr TRUE nu mt trong cc biu thc logic1,logic2,.. l
TRUE, nhn gi tr FALSE nu tt c cc biu thc l FALSE.
V d : =OR(5>3,6<=4) tr v TRUE
=OR(5<3,6<=4) tr v FALSE

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TRUE( ) : nhn gi tr logic TRUE.

3.5. Hm thng k
AVERAGE(num1, num2,..)
Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc s num1, num2,...
V d : =AVERAGE(10,8,9,3) tr v 7.5
COUNT(a ch) : tnh s cc d liu kiu s trong min a ch
V d : Cc t A1 n E5 cha cc gi tr sau :
1
2
3
4
5

A
B
STT Tn sch
1 Excel 5.0
2 Word 6.0
3 Access
Cng

C
D
S lng
n gi
10 15000
15 14000
5 12000
30

E
Thnh tin
150000
210000
60000
420000

khi , cng thc

= COUNT(A1:E5) tr v 14
COUNTA(DC)
Tnh s cc khng rng trong vng DC.
V d : = COUNTA(A1:E5) tr v 23
(c 2 rng l A5 v D5)
LARGE(DC,k) : Phn t ln th k trong vng DC.
V d : = LARGE(E1:E5,1) tr v 420000
= LARGE(E1:E5,3) tr v 150000
MAX(num1,num2,..) : gi tr ln nht ca cc s num1,num2,..
V d : = MAX(E1:E5) tr v 420000
MIN(num1,num2,..) : gi tr nh nht ca cc s num1,num2,..
V d : = MIN(E1:E5) tr v 60000
MODE(DC) : tr li gi tr hay gp nht trong vng DC.
V d : = MODE(1,2,4,5,2) tr v 2
RANK(s, Danh sch, Tu chn) : xc nh th hng ca s so vi chui
cc s trong danh sch, tc l xem s ng th my trong chui s
- xp gim dn nu khng c Tu chn hoc Tu chn bng 0 (V d 1).
- xp tng dn nu Tu chn l mt s ln hn 0 (V d 2).
a ch ca Danh sch phi l tuyt i.

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V d : 1. Gi s cc E3:E12 ghi im trung bnh ca cc th sinh,

xp th cn c vo im trung bnh, ti F3 nhp
=RANK(E3,$E$3:$E$12) hoc =RANK(E3,$E$3:$E$12,0),
sau copy cng thc ny xung cc t E4 n E12.
V d : 2. Gi s cc B3:B12 ghi thi gian chy 100 m ca cc vn
ng vin, xp th cn c vo thi gian, ti C3 nhp
=RANK(B3,$B$3:$B$12,1), sau copy cng thc ny
xung cc t C4 n C12. C th thay s tham s th 3
bng mt s bt k khc 1.
SMALL(DC,k) : phn t nh th k trong vng DC.
V d : = SMALL(E1:E5,1) tr v 60000
= SMALL(E1:E5,3) tr v 210000

3.6. Hm Tm kim v Tham chiu

vlookup(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, range_lookup)
Lookup_value Gi tr c tm kim trn ct bn tri ca Table_array
Table_array
Vng tm kim hay cn gi l bng tra cu, a ch phi l
tuyt i, nn t tn cho vng (xem trang 11 v cch t
tn).
Col_index_num S th t ct trong table_array, ni VLOOKUP s ly gi
tr tr v
Range_lookup Gi tr logic xc nh vic tm kim l chnh xc hay gn
ng, nu l:
True hay 1

Ct u tin phi c sp xp tng dn (khi c

th b qua tham s th 4 ny).
Khi khng thy s ly kt qu gn ng, v th cn gi
l d tm khng chnh xc.

False hay 0 Ct u tin khng cn sp xp .Tm chnh xc, tr v

#N/A nu khng thy. (Xem v d trang 72)
V d : Bng sau l kt qu thi ca hc sinh, da vo im Trung bnh
hy xp loi hc sinh theo thang im :
Km

5 Trung bnh 7

Kh 8

Gii

9.5

Xut sc

dng hm VLOOKUP, ta cn thc hin cc bc sau :

- Trong min C15:D19 g vo thang im trn di dng ct. V y l
cch d tm khng chnh xc (trong mt khong) nn ch g vo cn di
(theo chiu tng) ca mi loi.
Nh vy :
lookup_value
l E3 (im Trung bnh ca hc sinh th nht)
table_array
l min $C$15: $D$19 (min a ch tuyt i, khng a
hng tiu C14: D14 vo)

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col_index_num l 2 v cn ly gi tr ca ct Loi, ct ny c s th t l
2 trong min $C$14: $D$19.
range_lookup l 1 hoc TRUE u c, c th b qua tham bin ny
- Ti G3 in vo cng thc = VLOOKUP(E3,$C$14: $D$19,2) ta nhn
c Trung bnh
- Copy cng thc G3 xung cc t G4 n G12, Excel s xp loi cho
cc hc sinh cn li.
A
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 im
22 Loi

B
Tn
Hng
Bnh
Vn
Bnh
Doanh
Loan
Anh
Thu
Khnh
Ngn

C
Ton
4
6

D
Tin
7
8

E
F
Trung bnh Xp th
5.5
7.0
8
9
8.5
= VLOOKUP(E3,$C$14: $D$19,2)
9
10
9.5
5
8
6.5
5
4
4.5
9
6
7.5
3
5
4.0
6
7
6.5
10
8
9.0

im
0
5
7
8.5
9.5

Loi
Km

0
5
Km Trung bnh

G
Xp loi
Kh
Gii
Xut sc
Trung bnh
Km
Kh
Km
Trung bnh
Gii

Trung bnh

Kh
Gii
Xut sc
7
Kh

8.5
Gii

9.5
Xut sc

hlookup(lookup_value,
table_array,
row_index_num,range_lookup)
Hm ny hot ng ging nh hm VLOOKUP, im khc l :
Lookup_value Gi tr c tm kim trn hng u tin ca Table_array
Table_array
Vng tm kim vit thnh hng
Row_index_num S th t hng trong table_array, ni HLOOKUP s ly
gi tr tr v
- Trong min A21: F22 ta g vo thang im trn di dng hng, ch
ch g vo cn di (theo chiu tng) ca mi loi.
Nh vy :
lookup_value
l E3 (im Trung bnh ca hc sinh th 1)

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l min $B$21: $F$22 (min a ch tuyt i, khng a

ct tiu A21: A22 vo)
row_index_num l 2 v cn ly gi tr ca hng Loi, hng ny c s th t
l 2 trong min B21: F22.
- Ti F3 in vo cng thc = HLOOKUP(E3,$B$21: $F$22,2), ta nhn
c Trung bnh
- Copy cng thc G3 xung cc t G4 n G12, Excel s xp loi cho
cc hc sinh cn li.
table_array

3.7. Hm C s d liu
Xem mc IX. 4. Cc hm CSDL (trang 55)

v. th
Kh nng biu din s liu bng th ca Excel rt phong ph. Cc
biu c ci t trn bng tnh tng thm sc hp dn v thuyt phc
ca s liu.
1. Cc bc to th mi
1 - Chn min d liu cn a vo v th, v d B2:F6, ch chn c
hng tiu 1992, 1993,... v ct tn cc bng tnh lm nhn cho
th.

1 -Chn biu tng

(ChartWizard), con tr chut tr thnh du +
2 -Xc nh min hnh ch nht ti vng trng ca bng tnh a th
vo bng cch tr chut vo nh tri trn ca n, n v gi nt tri ng
thi ko chut v nh phi di, th nt chut, xut hin hp thoi
ChartWizard - Step 1 of 5
3 -Nu cn, sa li a ch ca min d liu a vo v th trong
khung Range bng cch g trc tip hoc dng chut chn min d
liu cn thit (xem trang 13)

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ngha cc nt trong hp thoi nh sau :

Cancel : hu b vic v th
Next
: chuyn sang bc tip theo
Back
: quay tr li bc trc
Finish : t ng thc hin tt c cc bc cho n kt thc
Nu chn Next, xut hin hp thoi ChartWizard - Step 2 of 5 vi
15 kiu th ca Excel (9 nhm loi hai chiu v 6 nhm loi 3
chiu).
5 -Chn mt kiu th (v d 3-D Column), c th g k t c gch
chn ca kiu cn thit ri n .Ch rng loi Pie ch p dng cho
mt dy s, v thng dng so snh mt vi tt c cc yu t, v
d so snh s hng bn c ca 1 qu vi c nm.

Chn Next, xut hin hp thoi ChartWizard - Step 3 of 5 vi cc

dng ca kiu th c chn.

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6 -Chn mt dng cho th, nu dng bn phm, g s th t ca dng

cn chn (v d g s 4).
Chn Next, xut hin hp thoi ChartWizard - Step 4 of 5 vi
th ca min d liu c chn.

7 -Nu cn thay i, sa cc thng s sau y cho th :

Data Series in : V d liu theo hng (Rows) hay Ct (Columns)
Use First Colums (Rows):
S dng Ct (Hng) th ...
for Category [X] Axis Labels : lm tiu cho trc X
for Legend Text :
lm vn bn cho ch thch.
Chn Next, xut hin hp thoi ChartWizard - Step 5 of 5.
8 -in cc thng s sau :
Add a Legend : (Yes/No) : C b sung ch thch ca cc dy s liu vo
th khng ?

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Chart Titles : Tiu chung ca th

Axis Titles : Tiu ca cc trc
Category [X] : Tiu cho trc X
Value [Z]
: Tiu cho trc Z (trong khng gian 3 chiu)
Sau cc bc trn, mt th s c a vo bng tnh ti v tr nh.
2. Thit lp li th
1 -Chn th bng cch tr chut vo trong lng n v bm nt tri.
Xut hin khung bao quanh th vi cc chm vung cc gc v
gia cc cnh.

2 -Chn biu tng ChartWizard, Excel ln lt a ta tr li cc bc

nu trn.

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3. Chnh sa th
a - Chnh sa cc i tng :
1 -Tr chut vo trong lng th v nhy p, xut hin khung ch
nht c cnh l cc sc cho vi chm vung hoc mt ca s ring.
2 - sa kiu th chn Format, Chart Type
sa cc i tng khc, nhy p ti i tng cn thit (v d tiu
chung ca th), xut hin khung ch nht vi chm vung ti
cc gc v gia cc cnh. Chn Format. Ni dung mc u tin ca
menu dc tu thuc vic trc i tng no c chn, nh
trong v d ny l Select Chart Title (tiu ca th). Chn mc
ny v tin hnh cc chnh sa cn thit.

Cn
Thay i kch thc Tr chut vo chm vung sao cho xut hin
mi tn 2 u, ko v th n ti v tr mi.
Chuyn i tng
Tr chut vo mt cnh sao cho xut hin ,
ko v th n ti v tr mi.
Xo mt i tng n phm Delete
Kt thc sa
Tr chut vo vng ngoi th bm nt tri.

b - B sung / b ng k li :
1 -Tr chut vo trong lng th v nhy p, xut hin khung ch
nht c cnh l cc sc cho vi chm vung.
2 -Chn Insert, Gridlines. nh du chn vo cc cn thit b sung
cc ng k li, b du chn hu b cc ng ny:
Major Gridlines ng k chnh
Minor Gridlines ng k ph

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c - B sung thm ng biu din :

V d : b sung thm ng biu din s liu ca nm 1996 vo th :
- Chn min d liu cn b sung (min G2:G6)
- Ko v th min ny vo th.
4. th kiu n chiu (Slideshow)
C th to nhiu dng th cho mt hoc nhiu bng tnh sau
cho trnh chiu ra mn hnh nh phim n chiu vi cc kiu mn
hnh, thi gian chuyn v m thanh pht ra trc mi ln chuyn.
a - To th kiu n chiu theo cc bc sau :
1. M mt hoc nhiu bng tnh to th.
2. Chn File, New. Hp thoi New xut hin (*)

3. Chn Sildes
4. Chn OK (hoc n ). Xut hin mn hnh Slides1

5. T menu chnh chn mc Windows, chn bng tnh c cc th v.

6. Chn th cn a vo n chiu.
*

Nu khng xut hin hp thoi ny, ta chn mc Tools, Add-In, sau nh du chn
vo mc Slideshow Template (nu mc ny c, nu khng, phi ci b sung tnh nng
ny cho Excel).

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7. T menu chnh chn mc Edit, Copy hoc n Ctrl + V, xut hin ng

t nt chy xung quanh th.
8. Chn Windows, chn tip Slides1. Xut hin mn hnh Slides1 nh trn.
9. Chn nt Paste Slide. Xut hin hp thoi Edit Slide :
Effect
: Chn cc kiu mn hnh chuyn tip gia hai th :
Cut throught black : Mu en
Fade
: Sng (ti) dn
Vertical blinds
: Mnh cun theo chiu ng
Horizontal blinds : Mnh cun theo chiu ngang ...
Test
: Xem th kiu mn hnh chuyn tip.
Advance : t mt trong hai tu chn sau :
Manual : Nu chn, s tt ch t ng chuyn tip t th ny
sang th khc. Khi trnh chiu ta phi n phm du cch
hoc nt chut th Excel mi chuyn sang th sau.
Time
: T ng chuyn tip t th ny sang th khc sau
thi gian bao nhiu giy (phi cung cp con s ti ny).

Sound
: t m thanh cho kiu n chiu.
Choose
: Chn file m thanh (c tn *.WAV) trong th mc Windows
Test Sound : Nghe th m thanh
Clear
: Xo b vic ci t m thanh
10. Chn OK kt thc vic to kiu th n chiu. Mn hnh Slides1
xut hin.
11. Lp li cc bc t 5 n 10 to kiu th n chiu khc.
12. trnh din cc kiu th n chiu, chn nt Start Show ca mn
hnh Slide1. Hp thoi Start Show xut hin

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- Nu nh du chn vo Repeat show until 'Esc' is pressed th

ngng vic trnh din ta phi n phm Esc
- Trong hp Initial Slide : Ch nh trnh din th n chiu th
my.
13. ghi li tp cc kiu th n chiu, chn nt File, chn tip :
- Save
: Chp nhn tn file mc nh l SLIDE1.XLS
- Save As : t tn khc cho file
b - Sa th kiu n chiu :
1. M file n chiu cn chnh sa. Ca s mn hnh ca n chiu
xut hin.
2. Thc hin cc thao tc chnh sa :
- B sung thm th n chiu : m bng tnh c cc th v
ri thc hin cc bc t 5 - 10 ca mc a trn.
- Chnh sa cc thng s ca mt kiu th :
+ Chn th (Slide Image) cn chnh sa
+ Chn nt Edit Slide
+ Sa cc thng s theo mun
- Xo mt kiu th :
+ Chn th (Slide Image) cn xo
+ Chn nt Delete Row
3. Kt thc vic sa, chn biu tng Save
c - Trnh din th kiu n chiu :
1. M file n chiu cn thit.
2. Chn nt Start Show (bc 12 ca mc a trn)

vIi. kiu trnh by

Ging trong Word, cc kiu trnh by (Style) gip nh dng cc ca
bng tnh mt cch nhanh chng v thng nht.

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1. To mt kiu trnh by mi
- a con tr v (hoc chn min) cn to, nu l bng tnh mi a con
tr v A1.
- Chn mc Format, Style. Xut hin hp thoi Style

- Trong khung Style Name chn kiu trnh by to hoc g vo tn cho

kiu trnh by mi.
- Chn nt Modify. Xut hin hp thoi Format Cells (xem trang 18)
Number : nh dng s
Aligment : Canh bin (dng hng)
Font
: nh dng k t
Border
: K khung
Pattern
: t mu nn
Protection : Bo v
- Tin hnh nh dng d liu.
- Chn Add b sung kiu trnh by mi.
- Chn OK kt thc.
2. p dng mt kiu trnh by
a. Dng Menu
- a con tr v (hoc chn min) cn p dng
- Chn Format, Style
- Chn kiu trnh by tng ng t danh sch Style Name
- OK
b. Dng thanh cng c (ging thao tc copy nh dng ca Word)
1 - a con tr v (hoc chn min) cn p dng
2 - Chn biu tng Format Painter (chi sn). Con tr chut lc ny c
km theo chi sn.

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3 - Dng con tr chut chn (bi en) nhm cn nh dng theo kiu
trnh by.
p dng mt kiu trnh by cho cc min ri rc (cch xa nhau),
bc 2 ta cn n i nt chut ti biu tng Format Painter. Sau bc 3,
chn biu tng ny ln na kt thc vic.

vIii. Macros
Cng ging trong Word, cc Macro ca Excel dng t ng cc
cng vic m ta phi thng xuyn thc hin. Chng c th gn cho phm
nng, thanh cng c hoc menu tin cho vic s dng.
1. Ghi mt Macro mi
1 - Chn Tools, Record
- Chn Macro Record New thu Macro mi
- Chn Use Relative Reference thu Macro theo a ch tng i,
ngha l nu khi thu macro, thao tc thc hin trn mt th khi
chy, thao tc s c thc hin ti mt khc hoc mt dy cc
.
Xut hin hp thoi Record New Macro :
2 - Trong Macro Name g vo tn cho Macro (bt u bng ch ci, sau
l cc ch ci hoc con s, khng c dng cc k hiu, du cch
hoc du ting Vit).
3 - Trong Description g vo li m t cc cng vic m Macro ny s
thc hin.
4 - Chn Options. Trong khung Assign to chn cch gn Macro cho Menu
hay to phm g tt cho n.

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Stop Macro

Nu nh du chn vo mc Menu Item on Tools Menu, phi g vo

tn ca mc. Sau ny nu chn mc Tools t menu chnh, ta s thy
mc ny c xp vo cui ca menu dc.
Nu nh du chn vo mc Shortcut Key, Excel ngh mt k t bt
u bng ch e, nu mun ta c th xo ch e v g vo k t khc.
Sau ny chy Macro n t hp phm Ctrl+phm ny. Lu rng
phm tt trong Excel phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng. V d khi g
vo ch E lm phm tt, lc thc hin macro phi bm Ctrl+Shift+e.
5 - Trong khung Store in, chn Personal Macro Workbook c th dng
Macro ny trong cc bng tnh khc, nu khng Macro ch c tc dng
ti tp bng tnh hin thi (This WorkBook) hoc trong bng tnh mi
(New WorkBook).
6 - Chn Visual Basic cc thao tc m ta thu c th hin bng ngn
ng ny trong mt n th (Module)
7 - Chn OK bt u ghi li cc thao tc. Nh v d ny, ta cn chn
cc biu tng %, ly thm s l, in m, gch chn.
8 - Chn nt Stop kt thc vic ghi Macro. Nu khng thy nt ny,
chn mc Tools, Record Macro, Stop Recording.
2. Gn Macro cho thanh cng c
- Chn View, Tools. Xut hin hp thoi Toolbars
- Chn nt Customize.
- Trong khung Categories chn Custom.
- Ko mt biu tng t dng no trn thanh cng c v th trn bng tnh
c ch. Ko mt nt ca hp thoi Customize v th trn thanh cng c.
Xut hin hp thoi Assign Macro.

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- Chn tn ca Macro cn thit (nu c) t danh sch. C th chn nt

Record v thc hin cc bc t 2 n 8 ca mc 1. trn to v gn
mt Macro mi cho thanh cng c.
- Chn OK
- Chn Close
3. Chy Macro
a - a con tr v ch cn p dng Macro.
b - Chn biu tng ca Macro, hoc t Menu chnh chn Tools, sau
chn tip mc cn thit, hoc n t hp phm nng tu theo trc ta
gn Macro cho thanh cng c, Menu hoc n t hp phm nng.
Cng c th chy mt Macro theo cch sau :
- Chn Tools, Macro. Hp thoi Macro hin ra.
- Chn Macro cn thit t danh sch Macro Name.
- Chn nt Run.
4. Xo Macro
- Chn Tools, Macro. Hp thoi Macro hin ra.
- Chn Macro cn xo t danh sch Macro Name.
- Chn Delete, Yes

Ix. qun tr d liu

1. Khi nim c bn
C s d liu (CSDL) l tp hp cc d liu c sp xp trn mt vng
ch nht (gm t nht 2 hng) ca bng tnh theo quy nh sau :
Hng u tin ghi cc tiu ca d liu, mi tiu trn mt ct. Cc
tiu ny c gi l trng (field)
T hng th hai tr i cha d liu, mi hng l mt bn ghi (record)
- Ch : + Tn cc trng phi l dng k t, khng c dng s, cng
thc, to ...).Nn t tn trng ngn gn, khng trng lp.
+ Khng nn c min rng trong CSDL

2. Sp xp d liu
- Nu nh sp xp cho ton b CSDL: v bt k ca n. Nu ch nh sp
xp cho mt s bn ghi : chn min d liu cn a vo sp xp. Xut
hin hp thoi Sort. Excel c th sp xp theo 3 kho (iu kin). Chn
(bm nt chut ti) ca khung ny. Xut hin danh sch tri xung ghi
tn hoc th t cc trng. Chn trng cn thit.

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Sau y l ngha cc mc :
- Sort by
: ct u tin nht trong kho sp xp.
- Then by
: ct u tin th hai v th ba trong kho sp xp
- Ascending : sp xp tng dn
- Desending : sp xp gim dn
- My List Has : Header Row (hoc No Header Row): min d liu
cha (hoc khng cha) hng tiu
Nt Option
- Case Sensitive : phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng
- Orientation :
Sort Top To Bottom : sp xp cc dng trong CSDL
Sort Left To Right : sp xp cc ct trong CSDL
Chn OK bt u sp xp.
Hnh trn l hp thoi Sort vi cc thng s danh sch c xp theo
vn A, B, C ca Tn, nhng bn ghi trng tn xp ngi c im Trung
bnh cao ln trn, nhng bn ghi trng im Trung bnh xp ngi c
im Tin cao ln trn.
3. Lc d liu
a - Cc yu t c bn
thc hin lc d liu, phi xc nh cc yu t c bn sau trn bng tnh :
- Min d liu (Database) : cha ton b d liu cn x l, k c hng tiu .
- Min tiu chun (Criteria) : l min bt k trn bng tnh ngoi vng
CSDL, cha cc tiu chun (iu kin m cc bn ghi phi thi mn).
Min tiu chun gm ti thiu 2 hng : hng u cha tiu ca min
tiu chun. Cc tiu ny hoc l tn trng hoc l tn bt k ph thuc
vo phng php thit lp tiu chun trc tip hay gin tip). T hng th
hai tr i l tiu chun ca CSDL.

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Min tiu chun so snh trc tip (TCSSTT): cho php a vo cc

tiu chun so snh d liu trong mt trng vi mt gi tr no .
TCSSTT c to ra theo nguyn tc sau :
Hng u ghi tiu cho cc tiu chun, ly tn trng lm tiu .
Hng th hai tr i ghi cc tiu chun so snh, trc cc gi tr c
th thm cc ton t so snh nh >, >=,<, <=. Cc tiu chun trn cng
hng (thng c gi l iu kin v - and) c thc hin ng thi.
Cc tiu chun trn cc hng khc nhau (thng c gi l iu kin
hoc l - or) c thc hin khng ng thi.
V d v cch vit TCSSTT :
Tn

Lc ra nhng ngi tn l Bnh

Bnh
Trung bnh

Lc ra nhng ngi t im

>=5

Trung bnh t 5 tr ln

Tui

Lc ra nhng ngi 18 tui

18
lc ra nhng ngi t im Trung bnh t 5 n 8 (trong khong)
lm nh sau :
Trn hng tiu ca tiu chun phi c 2 u ghi trng Trung bnh,
ngay pha di ghi iu kin (trn cng mt hng) :
Trung bnh

Trung bnh

>=5

<8

lc ra nhng ngi Xp loi Km hoc Gii, Xut sc (tc l im

Trung bnh di 5 hoc trn 8 (ngoi khong) lm nh sau:
Ngay pha di ghi iu kin (trn hai hng) :
Trung bnh
<5
>8
lc ra danh sch Nam hoc Tui trn 21 :
iu kin ghi trn hai hng :
Tui

GT
Nam

> 21

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Min tiu chun so snh gin tip (TCSSGT) hay cn gi l tiu chun
cng thc: cho php a vo cc tiu chun so snh d liu hoc mt
phn d liu trong mt trng vi mt gi tr no . TCSSGT c to
ra theo nguyn tc sau :
Hng u ghi tiu cho cc tiu chun. Tiu ny c th t bt k
nhng khng c trng vi tn trng no.
T hng th hai tr i ghi cc tiu chun so snh, mi tiu chun l mt cng
thc. Cng thc ny phi cha a ch ca bn ghi u tin. Kt qu thc hin
cng thc ny l mt gi tr Logic : TRUE (ng) hoc FALSE (Sai)
Nm sinh
=YEAR(C3) < 1975

Sinh trc 1975

Khi n , ti tiu chun ny s xut hin FALSE (v Nm sinh ca

Hng l 1978)
Ngy sinh chn
=MOD(DATE(C3),2) =0

Sinh vo Ngy chn

Khi n , ti tiu chun ny s xut hin TRUE (v Ngy sinh ca

Hng l 30)
- Min ch (Copy to) : min trng trn bng tnh, dng cha cc bn
ghi t tiu chun.
b - Lc t ng (AutoFilter)
- Chn min d liu nh lc (k c hng tiu ).
- Data, Filter
- Chn AutoFilter, Excel t ng chn nhng mi tn vo bn phi ca cc
tn trng.
- Chn ti ct cha d liu dng lm tiu chun lc (v d ti ct Xp loi).
- Chn mt trong cc mc ti Menu :
[All]
: Hin ton b cc bn ghi
[Blanks]
: Ch hin cc bn ghi trng
[Nonblanks] : Ch hin cc bn ghi khng trng
[Custom ...] : Dng cc ton t so snh (s c trnh by chi tit
trong phn tip theo)

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Phn cn li l danh sch gi tr ca cc bn ghi trong CSDL ti ct

. Khi cn lc cc bn ghi theo mt gi tr c th no ch cn chn gi
tr trong Menu (v d chn Trung bnh).
Dng cc ton t so snh
Khi chn mc ny xut hin hp thoi sau vi 2 khung nh ghi tiu
chun so snh :
Chn 1 tiu chun : trong khung th nht (khung trn) :

- Nhn nt chut ti bn tri, chn mt ton t so snh (=, >, >=, <, <=, < >).
G vo hoc bm nt chut ti bn phi, sau chn mt gi tr nh so snh.
- Chn OK
Chn 2 tiu chun : trong khung th hai :
- t tiu chun th nht (nh trnh by trn)
- Chn nt And (V, trong khong i vi s) hoc Or (Hoc l, ngoi
khong i vi s)
- t tiu chun th hai : bm nt chut ti bn tri, chn mt ton t so
snh (=, >, >=, <, <=, < >). G vo hoc bm nt chut ti bn phi,
sau chn mt gi tr nh so snh.

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- Chn OK
Hnh trn t tiu chun lc danh sch hc sinh Km, Gii, Xut sc
(im Trung bnh <=5.5 hoc >=8.5)
Hu lc d liu :
- Hu lc trong 1 ct : Bm nt chut ti ca ct , chn [All]
- Hu lc ton b
: - Data, Filter, chn AutoFilter xo du 9
- Hin li tt c cc hng trong danh sch c lc :
- Data, Filter, Show All
c - Lc nng cao (Advanced Filter)
Advanced Filter dng tm cc bn ghi tho mn cc iu kin phc
tp hn. Chc nng lc nng cao ny ng vi vi cc tiu chun so snh
gin tip, bt buc phi dng min tiu chun. Cc bc nh sau :
- To min tiu chun.
- Chn min d liu nh lc
- Data, Filter
- Chn Advanced Filter, ngha cc mc trong hp thoi Advanced
Filter nh sau :
Action :
Filter the List, in place
: Lc ti ch (ngay ti v tr ca CSDL ch
hin cc bn ghi tho mn tiu chun lc)
Copy to Another Location : Trch cc bn ghi t tiu chun lc sang
min khc ca bng tnh, a ch ca min
ny c xc nh ti khung Copy to
: a ch min d liu ngun em lc
List Range
Criteria Range
: a ch min tiu chun
Copy to
: a ch min ch cha cc bn ghi t tiu chun lc)
Unique Record Only : Ch hin 1 bn ghi trong s cc bn ghi trng nhau.
V d : lc ra danh sch cc hc sinh N t im Trung bnh t 7
tr ln (Xp loi t Kh tr ln) ca danh sch trn trang 55 ta in vo cc
mc trong hp thoi Advanced Filter nh hnh sau.

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Kt qu l ti min A17 : J20 ta c cc bn ghi t tiu chun nu.

A

C
D
E
F
G
H
I
1
kt qu thi cui k - lp tin hc c s
2 TT Tn Ngy sinh Tui Gt Ton Tin Trung bnh Xp th
3 1 Hng 30/01/78
Nam 4
7
5.5
8
4 2 Bnh
21/08/74
N
7
7
7.0
5
5 3 Vn
12/11/70
N
8
9
8.5
3
6 4 Bnh
15/06/77
N
9
10
9.5
1
7 5 Doanh 05/12/76
Nam 5
8
6.5
7
8 6 Loan
18/09/77
N
5
4
4.5
9
9 7 Anh
23/04/68
Nam 9
6
7.5
4
10 8 Thu
01/05/73
N
3
5
4.0
10
11 9 Bnh
26/02/71
Nam 6
8
7.0
5
12 10 Ngn
12/05/75
N
10
8
9.0
2
13
14
Gt
Trung bnh
15
N
>=7
16
17 TT Doan Ngy sinh Tui Gt Ton Tin Trung bnh Xp th
h
18 2 Bnh
21/08/74
N
7
7
7.0
5
19 3 Vn
12/11/70
N
8
9
8.5
3
20 10 Ngn
12/05/75
N
10
8
9.0
2

J
Xp loi
Trung bnh
Kh
Gii
Xut sc
Trung bnh
Km
Kh
Km
Kh
Gii

Xp loi
Kh
Gii
Gii

4. Cc hm C s d liu (CSDL)
Dng tr li mt gi tr t CSDL theo mt iu kin no .
CSDL sau y dng minh ho cho cc v d.
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Tn
An
Ho
Thanh
Bnh
Vn
Phc
Kim
Oanh
Hng

B
Tui
30
28
35
29
40
28
21
38
28

C
Gii tnh
Nam
N
Nam
N
N
Nam
N
N
Nam

D
Lng
50
40
80
60
100
50
30
50
80

Vn H
FALSE

Tui
28

Gii tnh
N

Lng
>=50

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DSUM (database, field, criteria)

Tnh tng trn mt ct (field) ca CSDL (database) tho mn iu
kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria)
V d : tnh tng lng ca N, ti mt trng no ca bng tnh,
sau khi nhp cng thc
= DSUM(A1:D10, 4 ,C12:C13)
ta nhn c gi tr 280.
Trong cng thc ny :
A1:D10 l a ch CSDL (database)
C12:C13l a ch min tiu chun (criteria)
4 l s th t ca ct lng (ct cn tnh tng) tnh t ct th nht ca
CSDL (ct Tn), c th thay con s ny bng "Lng"(bao trong du
nhy kp) hoc D1 ( c trng Lng)
Khi ch tnh theo 1 iu kin th c th thay hm DSUM bng SUMIF.
Cng thc trn c th thay bng =SUMIF(C2:C10,N,D2:D10). Nhng
khi tnh theo t 2 iu kin tr ln hm DSUM th c thay bng cng
thc mng (xem trang 12). V d tnh tng Lng ca nhng ngi l
N c Lng t 50 tr ln, cng thc sau :
=DSUM(A1:D10,D1,C12:D13)
s c thay bng cng thc mng :
={SUM(IF(C2:C10=N,1,0)*IF(D2:D10>=50,1,0)* D2:D10)}
DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria)
Tnh gi tr trung bnh cng trn mt ct (field) ca CSDL (database)
tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria)
V d : tnh tui trung bnh ca N, sau khi nhp cng thc
= DAVERAGE(A1:D10,2,C12:C13)
ta nhn c gi tr 30.4 (Tui l ct th 2 tnh t tri sang, v vy
trong cng thc trn c th thay con s ny bng "Tui")
DMAX (database, field, criteria)
Tnh gi tr ln nht trn mt ct (field) ca CSDL (database) tho mn
iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria)
V d : tnh Lng cao nht ca nhng ngi 28 tui, sau khi nhp
cng thc
= DMAX(A1:D10,4,B12:B13)
ta nhn c gi tr 80
DMIN (database, field, criteria)
Tnh gi tr nh nht trn mt ct (field) ca CSDL (database) tho mn
iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria)

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V d : tnh Lng thp nht ca nhng ngi 28 tui, sau khi nhp
cng thc
= DMIN(A1:D10,4,B12:B13)
ta nhn c gi tr 40
DCOUNT (database, field, criteria)
m s bn ghi ca CSDL (database) trn ct s (field) tho mn iu
kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria)
V d : m s ngi l N c Lng t 50 tr ln, cng thc :
=DCOUNT(A1:D10,D1,C12:D13) cho ta kt qu l 3
V d : m s ngi c ch ci u ca Tn l H, sau khi to min
TCSSGT vi tiu Vn H (hoc ni dung bt k) ti A12 v
tiu chun =LEFT(A2,1)="H" ti A13, nhp cng thc
= DCOUNT(A1:D10, 2 ,D12:D13) ta nhn c gi tr 2.
Cn ch rng ti v tr tham bin th 2 (field) ca hm DCOUNT ch
c ghi s th t (hoc tn) ca trng s bt k ch khng c ghi s
th t (hoc tn) ca trng k t hoc ngy thng. Nh trong v d trn c
th ly s 4 (ch khng c ly s 1 hoc 3) thay cho s 2.
DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria)
m s khng rng ca ct bt k (field) tho mn iu kin ghi
trong min tiu chun (criteria). Khc vi DCOUNT, trong cng thc ca
hm ny c th ghi s th t hoc tn ca trng bt k no ca CSDL.
5. Tng kt theo nhm
a - Tng kt theo mt loi nhm (SubTotal) :
Chc nng mi ny
ca Excel 5.0 cho php to
cc dng tng kt trong
mt CSDL. SubTotal s
chn ti cc v tr cn thit
cc tnh ton thng k
theo yu cu ca ngi s
dng. Cc bc thc hin
nh sau :
1/ Sp xp d liu theo
trng cn to SubTotal
( v d trn l trng Xp
loi).
2/ Chn Data, Subtotals,
xut hin hp thoi
Subtotal.
Trong :

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At Each Change in : Chn trng m theo trng ny, ti mi v tr thay

i, Excel s chn vo mt dng Tng kt - tc l dng thc hin cc php
tnh ( v d trn l trng Xp loi, c mi khi chuyn sang loi hc sinh
khc Excel li chn dng kt qu tnh vo ti cc dng 5,8,12, 15,17).
Use Function : Chn hm tnh ton tng kt d liu. Hm ngm nh
l SUM. v d trn dng hm Average tnh gi tr trung bnh ca
mt s trng.
Add SubTotal to : Chn cc trng cn tnh ton ( v d trn l tnh
Trung bnh cc trng Tui, Ton, Tin, Trung bnh).

Cc tu chn khc :
Replace Current SubTotal : Khi to dng tng kt mi dng ny s thay
th dng tng kt c. Theo ngm nh cc dng tng kt s ni tip nhau.
Page Break Between Group : Chn du ngt trang ti mi v tr c dng
SubTotal (tc l a mi nhm sang mt trang ring bit).
Summary Below Data : t dng tng kt cui mi nhm. Nu b du
: dng ny s c a ln trc mi nhm.
Remove All : Hu b mi SubTotal thc hin.

3/ Chn Ok bt u to.
b - Tng kt theo nhiu loi nhm (PivotTable - Bng Tng hp) :
Chc nng ny ca Excel cho php t ng ho qu trnh tng kt theo
nhiu loi nhm, phn tch v nh gi s liu m sau y chng ti gi l

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Bng Tng hp.

Bng sau l mt CSDL v doanh thu ca mt c quan kinh doanh gm
2 ca hng k hiu l S 1 v S 2.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

A
Ngy
29-08-97
29-08-97
30-08-97
30-08-97
30-08-97
03-09-97
03-09-97
03-09-97
04-09-97
04-09-97

B
Nhn vin
Hng
Lan
Chi
Nga
Vn
Chi
Lan
Nga
Chi
Vn

C
D
Ca hng Sn phm
S 1
Ko
S 1
Bnh
S 1
Bnh
S 2
Mt
S 2
Ko
S 1
Bnh
S 1
Ko
S 2
Ko
S 1
Mt
S 2
Bnh

E
Tin
20
10
40
15
25
30
45
20
10
35

T CSDL trn, tng hp theo tng ca hng, tng nhn vin v tng ngy
cho bng Tng hp sau :
Ca hng

(All)

Sum of Tin
Nhn vin
Ngy
03-09-97
Chi
04-09-97
30-08-97
Chi Total
Hng
29-08-97
Hng Total
Lan
Lan Total
Nga

03-09-97
29-08-97
03-09-97
30-08-97

Nga Total
Vn
Vn Total
Grand Total

04-09-97
30-08-97

Bnh
30
0
40
70
0
0

Sn phm
Ko
Mt
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
10
20
0
20
0

Grand Total
30
10
40
80
20
20

0
10
10
0
0
0

45
0
45
20
0
20

0
0
0
0
15
15

45
10
55
20
15
35

35
0
35
115

0
25
25
110

0
0
0
25

35
25
60
250

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Cc khi nim c bn
bng CSDL trn, tiu ca cc ct l cc "trng" (field): Ngy,
Nhn vin, Ca hng, Sn phm v Tin. Cc trng ny s tham gia vo
vic xy dng bng Tng hp ny.
Bng Tng hp c chia lm 4 vng :
Page Field : Ton b d liu c tng kt theo tng nhm (Item) ca
trng ny. Page Field lun nm pha trn ca bng Tng hp. Trong v
d ny, Page Field l Ca hng gm 2 nhm S 1 v S 2.
Row Field : Mi nhm d liu ca trng ny c tng kt trn mt
dng, v vy c gi l "Row". Nu s Row Field nhiu hn 1, PivotTable
s tng kt cc trng ny theo kiu lng nhau theo th t t trn xung
di. Trong v d ny, c 2 Row Field l Nhn vin v Ngy, trng Nhn
vin c tng kt trc ri mi n trng Ngy.
Column Field : Mi nhm d liu ca trng ny c tng kt trn
mt ct, v vy c gi l "Column". Nu s Nhm ny nhiu hn 1,
PivotTable s tng kt cc nhm ny theo th t t tri qua phi. Trong v
d ny, cc Nhm c tng kt thnh cc ct (trng) theo th t ABC ca
tn nhm : Bnh, Ko Mt.
Data Field : vng chnh ca Bng Tng hp ghi kt qu ca mt php
ton. Trong v d ny, s liu cu trng Tin c a vo v php ton
tng kt l ly tng (SUM).
To mi mt Bng Tng hp
- Chn min d liu k c tiu ca cc ct (v d A1:E11)
- Chn mc Data, PivotTable
Hp thoi PivotTable Wizard step 1 of 4 xut hin.
- Chn Microsoft Excel List of Database
- Chn Next
Hp thoi PivotTable Wizard step 2 of 4 xut hin. Nu cn, sa li
a ch ca min d liu bng cch g trc tip hoc dng chut chn li.
- Chn Next. Xut hin hp thoi PivotTable Wizard Step 3 of 4.
- Chn cc trng a vo cc vng ca bng bng cch ko v th
tn trng bn phi hp thoi ti cc vng c n nh trong bng.
v d ny chng ti a vo cc mi tn (ch hng ko th) ta c
tin thao tc. C th, ta
th ti vng
Ko trng
Ca hng
PAGE
Nhn vin
ROW
Ngy
ROW
Sn phm
COLUMN
Tin
DATA

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Sau thao tc trn, hp thoi c dng :

Chn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Xut hin hp thoi

PivotTable Wizard Step 4 of 4.
Trong hp PivotTable Starting Cell ta ch ra a ch ca u tin
(gc tri trn) ca bng Tng hp (v d : nu ta chn A13, Excel s t
in vo Sheet1!$A$13). Nu khng, bng Tng hp s c Sheet

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mi (tip ngay sau Sheet hin ti).

Trong hp PivotTable Name ta g vo tn ca bng Tng hp (trng

hp cn to nhiu bng Tng hp cho mt CSDL), v d Tng kt Bn hng.
ngha cc la chn khc nh sau :
Grand Total For Columns
: To thm ct tng cho mi s liu ca
Column Field.
Grand Total For Rows
: To thm hng tng cho mi s liu ca
Row Field.
Save Data With Table Layout : Bng Tng hp c lu tr cng vi
Format c to.
AutoFormat Table :
T ng to khun cho Bng Tng hp
iu chnh Bng Tng hp
Thay i v tr cc trng : Trong Bng Tng hp ko v th tn trng
ti v tr mong mun. v d trn, c th i ch cho hai trng Nhn vin
v Ngy bng cch ko trng Nhn vin v bn phi trng Ngy v th
ti .
B sung cc trng :
- Chn bt k ca Bng Tng hp
- Chn mc Data, PivotTable
- Thc hin li cc bc nh khi to mi bng Tng hp b sung
trng vo cc v tr mong mun.
Xo trng : Trong Bng Tng hp ko tn trng cn xo ra khi bng.
Sa tn trng : a con tr v trng cn thit trong Bng Tng hp
v tin hnh sa tn nh sa d liu ca bng tnh

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Thay i hm s tnh ton

ch mc nh s liu ca vng DATA c ly tng v cc ct
hoc hng Total cng c ly tng. C th thay i cc cch tnh ny bng
cc hm s khc nh m (Count), tnh trung bnh (Average), tm cc i
(Max), tm cc tiu (Min),... Cc bc nh sau :
- Trong Bng Tng hp chn trng trc ta a vo vng
DATA (nh v d trn trang 59, chn Grand Total)
- Chn mc Data, PivotTable Field, xut hin hp thoi sau :

- Chn hm tng ng danh sch Summarize by

- Chn OK
T ng iu chnh Bng Tng hp khi d liu gc thay i
Sau khi sa s liu ca CSDL
- Chn bt k ca Bng Tng hp
- Chn mc Data, Refresh Data

X. trnh by trang
1. Chn c giy, hng in
- Chn File, Page Setup. Xut hin hp thoi Page Setup
- Chn Page
- Chn c giy trong khung Paper Size
- Chn Landscape in ngang giy, Portait in dc
- OK

Khoa CNTT - VH M

Excel

2. t l
- Chn File, Page Setup
- Chn Margins
Chn t khong cch cho
Top
Bottom
Left
Right
Header
Footer

L trn (1)
L di (2)
L tri (3)
L phi (4)
L ca tiu u trang (5)
L ca tiu cui trang (6)

(1)

64

(5)

(3)

(2)

(4)

(6)

- t li khong cch cc l cho ph hp, cn ch rng cc khong

cch ny c tnh bng cm hoc inch.
3. To tiu u / cui trang
a - Chn tiu u / cui trang theo mu :
- Chn File, Page Setup
- Chn Header /Footer
- Chn Header hoc Footer, xut hin danh sch cc mu, ngha ca
chng nh sau:
(none)
trng phn tiu u/ cui trang
Page 1
In ch Page km theo s trang
Page 1 of ?In ch Page km theo s trang ca tng s trang
Mt mu (sample) xut hin cho ta thy kt qu ca vic chn
- Chn OK

Excel

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b - T to tiu u / cui trang:

- Chn File, Page Setup
- Chn Header /Footer
- Chn Custom Header hoc Custom Footer, xut hin hp thoi sau :
Chn Ngy, gi

nh s trang

Chn tn File

Chn Font ch

Phn bn tri
ca tiu

Phn gia
ca tiu

Phn bn phi
ca tiu

- Cn to cho phn no ca tiu a con tr n phn v g vn bn

vo hoc chn cc nt tng ng. V d to tiu nh cc trang l ca
ti liu ny, ta g vo Khoa CNTT ti Left Section v nhy chut ti nt
Chn Font ch trnh by kiu, c ch. Lm tng t nh vy vi t
Excel Center Section. c s trang gc phi tiu , ta a con tr
v Right Section v chn nt nh s trang
- OK
4. Chn / xo du ngt trang
a - Chn du ngt trang dc v ngang :
- Chn ni ta mun bt u trang mi.
- Insert, Page Break
Excel chn du ngt trang (l cc ng k nt t) trn v bn tri
c ch nh.
b - Ch chn mt du ngt trang ngang :
- Chn hng ni ta mun bt u trang mi.
- Insert, Page Break
Excel chn du ngt trang trn hng c ch nh.
c - Ch chn mt du ngt trang dc :
- Chn ct ni ta mun bt u trang mi.
- Insert, Page Break
Excel chn du ngt trang bn tri ct c ch nh.
d - Xo mt du ngt trang:
- Chn bt k ngay pha di du ngt trang ngang hoc ngay bn phi
du ngt trang dc.

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- Insert, Remove Page Break

e - Xo tt c cc du ngt trang:
- Chn ton b bng tnh.
- Insert, Remove Page Break
5. Lp li tiu ca bng tnh khi sang trang
cc bng tnh ln, mi khi sang trang, trnh phi g li cc tiu ,
ta lm nh sau :
- Chn File, Page Setup
- Chn Sheet, xut hin hp thoi sau :

- Nu cn lp li cc hng tiu , trong khung Rows to Repeat at Top

in vo s th t ca chng. V d, bi tp 3 trang 72, mi khi
sang trang, tiu TT H v tn CV ... ti hng 2 ca bng tnh c
lp li, ta in vo $2:$2 (bng cch g trc tip hoc dng chut chn
1 bt k no ca hng ).
- Nu cn lp li cc ct bn tri bng tnh trong khung Columns to
Repeat at Left in vo s th t ca chng. V d, bi tp 3 trang sau
khi chn du ngt trang dc ti ct K, ta mun trang u in cc ct t
TT H v tn n Tm ng (t ct A n ct I ), cn trang sau in
cc ct TT H v tn v ct Cn li, ta in vo $A:$B (v cn lp li
2 ct TT H v tn) bng cch g trc tip hoc dng chut chn 2
bt k no trn cng hng ca 2 ct .
- Chn OK.
Ta ch thy tiu lp li khi chn biu tng Print Preview (knh
lp) hoc khi in ra giy.

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6. Khng in li c sn ca bng tnh

Excel ch in khung cho cc do ta k m khng in li c sn cho
cc khc ca bng tnh, ta lm nh sau :
- Chn File, Page Setup
- Chn Sheet
- B du chn x ti Grid
- OK

xi. in
Trc khi in nn :
- Chn mc File, Print Preview (hoc biu tng Print Preview) xem b
cc (hnh th) bng tnh
- Kim tra xem my in sn sng cha ( ni vi my tnh cha, bt
cha, np giy cha v.v..).
in ton b bng tnh, chn biu tng Print trn thanh cng c.
in tng phn bng tnh :
- Chn mc File, Print. xut hin hp thoi sau :

Selections
Selected Sheet(s)
Entire Workbook
Pages

- Chn OK.

: In mt khi c chn trc .

: In mt hoc nhm bng tnh
: In ton b tp bng tnh
: In mt dy cc trang : in vo s th t ca trang
u dy trong From, s th t ca trang cui
trong To

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xII. lm vic vi nhiu bng tnh

- Ln lt m cc bng tnh.
Trn mn hnh l bng tnh c m sau cng. chuyn sang lm vic
vi bng tnh khc :
- Chn Window, Excel lit k cc bng tnh ang m vi s th t ca
chng, tn bng tnh cha con tr c du bn tri
- Chn bng tnh m ta cn chuyn ti (hoc g s th t ca bng tnh
)
Mun cho hin ra tt c cc bng tnh trn mn hnh :
- Chn Window, Arrange. Xut hin hp thoi Arrange Windows
sp xp cc ca s bng tnh
Chn mc
Ph kn mn hnh
Title
Theo chiu ngang
Horizontal
Theo chiu dc
Vertical
So le
Cascade
- chuyn sang bng tnh no, kch chut ti ca s ca bng tnh
hoc n Ctrl+F6. Ta c th thc hin cc thao tc vi cc ca s ny
nh : sp xp li, thay i kch thc, ng v.v..
C th copy, chuyn khi t bng tnh ny sang bng tnh khc (xem
cc thao tc vi khi trang 13).
Khi khng cn bng tnh no ta nn ng n li ( gii phng bt b
nh) bng cch chuyn v bng tnh , chn File, Close hoc ng ca s
ca bng tnh li

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xiii. trao i thng tin vi word

1. Chuyn cc kt qu ca Excel cho Word
Theo cc bc sau :
- Chn min d liu ca bng tnh cn chuyn cho Word (xem cch nh
du khi trang 13). Nu l th ch cn tr chut vo trong lng n, n
nt tri, xut hin chm vung ti cc cnh v gc ca khung.
- Chn biu tng Copy trn thanh cng c hoc mc Edit, Copy. Nu
khng cn lm vic vi Excel na, thot khi chng trnh ny (xem trang
4). Nu ta a vo b nh mt khi ln, hy tr li Yes cho cu hi Save
Large Clipboard From ... ?
- Khi ng Word (nu cn), trong Word ta m ti liu v a con tr v v tr
cn thit, sau lm theo mt trong hai cch sau :
Cch 1 : Chn biu tng Paste trn thanh cng c hoc mc Edit, Paste.
Cch 2 : Chn mc Edit, Paste Special, Paste Link.
S khc nhau gia 2 cch dn :
Bng cch 2, mi thay i ca i tng trong Excel s c phn nh trong
Word. Trong khi cch 1 s sa i khng c phn nh.
Ch : Khng th a ng thi mt lc bng tnh v th sang cho
Word c. Ta phi thc hin cc thao tc trn ln lt cho tng
loi mt.
2. Chuyn bng g bng Word cho Excel
Kh nng tnh ton trong bng ca Word rt yu. N cn tnh ton trong
cc bng c g bng Word, nn chuyn chng cho Excel theo cc
bc sau :
- Trong Word, chn cc hay ton b bng g.
- Chn biu tng Copy trn thanh cng c hoc mc Edit, Copy. Nu
khng cn lm vic vi Word na, ta ra khi chng trnh ny. Nu ta
a vo b nh mt khi ln, hy tr li Yes cho cu hi Save Large
Clipboard From ... ?
- Khi ng Excel (nu cn), trong Excel m bng tnh v a con tr v v
tr cn thit, , sau lm theo mt trong hai cch sau :
Cch 1 : Chn biu tng Paste trn thanh cng c hoc mc Edit, Paste.
Cch 2 : Chn mc Edit, Paste Special, Paste Link.
Bng cch 2, mi thay i ca i tng trong Word s c phn nh trong
Excel. Trong khi cch 1 s sa i khng c phn nh.

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bi thc hnh
Bi 1. Lp bng doanh thu sau :
A

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

B
C
D
E
F
G
D tnh thu nhp nm 1997 cng ty X
Hng mc Qy I Qy II Qy III Qy IV C nm VN
14000 15000 16000 24000 69000
Bn :
Chi phi :
Lng
2000
2000
2000
2000
8000
Tr li
1200
1400
1500
1600
5700
Nh
600
600
600
600
2400
Qung co
900
2000
1700
4000
8600
Vt t
4000
4200
4500
5000 17700
Tng chi : 8700 10200 10300 13200 42400
Thu nhp:
Qy
5300
4800
5700 10800
Ti qy
5300 10100 15800 26600 T gi 11.000

- Khng g d liu cc ct F, G v cc hng 10,12,13.

Cch tnh nh sau :
C nm
Tng chi
Thu nhp Qu
Thu nhp ti qu

= Cc qu, ti F3 g = SUM(B3:E3)
= Cc mc chi, ti B10 g = SUM(B5:B9)
= Bn - Tng chi, ti B12 g = B3-B10
= Lu k cc qu trc,
ti B13 g = B12
ti C13 g = B13+C12
copy cng thc t C13 sang D13:E13

- Chn thm 1 hng vo gia cc hng 3 v 4 tnh % tin bn c ca

tng qu so vi c nm.
- Trong ct G tnh tin bn c v tin chi ph quy ra tin Vit theo t gi
ghi cui bng ( G13)
- V th :

tin bn c ca cc qu
s liu cc mc chi
tin bn c v tng chi ca cc qu

Excel

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Bi 2. Lp bng kt qu thi sau :

A

kt qu thi cui k - lp tin hc c s

Ngy sinh Tui Gt Ton Tin Trung

bnh
3 1 Hng
30/01/78
Nam 4
7
5.5
4 2 Bnh
21/08/74
N
7
7
7.0
5 3 Vn
12/11/70
N
8
9
8.5
6 4 Bnh
15/06/77
N
9
10 9.5
7 5 Doanh 05/12/76
Nam 5
8
6.5
8 6 Loan
18/09/77
N
5
4
4.5
9 7 Anh
23/04/68
Nam 9
6
7.5
10 8 Thu
01/05/73
N
3
5
4.0
11 9 Bnh
26/02/71
Nam 6
8
7.0
12 10 Ngn
12/05/75
N
10
8
9.0
13
Cao nht
10 10 9.5
14
Trung bnh
6.6 7.2 6.9
15
Thp nht
3.0 4.0 4.5
2 TT

Tn

Xp
th
8
5
3
1
7
9
4
10
5
2

Xp loi
Trung bnh
Kh
Gii
Xut sc
Trung bnh
Km
Kh
Km
Kh
Gii

- Khng g d liu cc ct A, D, H, I, J v cc hng 13, 14, 15

- nh s Th t
- Tnh Tui : =YEAR(TODAY( ))-YEAR(C3)
- Tnh im Trung bnh = AVERAGE(F3:G3)
- Tnh cc gi tr cao nht (MAX), trung bnh (AVERAGE), thp nht
(MIN) ca cc ct Tui, im Ton, Tin, Trung bnh
- Xp th = RANK(H3,$H$3:$H$12)
- Xp loi theo im trung bnh theo thang im sau :
Km 5

Trung bnh 7

Kh

Gii

9.5 Xut sc

bng 2 cch :
+ dng hm IF
= IF(H3>=9.5,"Xut sc",IF(H3>=8,"Gii",IF(H3>=7,"Kh",
IF(H3>=5,"Trung bnh", "Km"))))
+ dng hm HLOOKUP hoc VLOOKUP (trang 37)
- nh li th t xp th
- Sp xp danh sch theo ABC ca Tn hc vin, nhng ngi trng tn xp
ngi c im Trung bnh cao ln trn.
- a ra 4 nhm danh sch xp loi (Gii, Kh, Trung bnh, Km) v s hc vin
ca mi loi. Tnh xem mi loi chim bao nhiu phn trm ca tng s.

Excel

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Bi 3. Lp bng lng sau, ch khng g s trong cc ct t F n K.

A
1

C quan X

2 TT
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

H v tn
Ng. Vn Dng
Trn Mai Lan
V T Nam
L nh Hng
Phm Vn Lc
Trn Tun Anh
L Thng
Nguyn Ba
Vn Xun
Trn Vn Hp

CV LCB
TP
NV
PP
BV
PG
NV
G
PP
BV
TP

1600
1200
1400
1100
1700
1000
2000
1500
1000
1700

bng lng thng 12 - 1996

NC PC Lng Thu Tm
nhp ng
CV
25 3500 40000 43500 20000
21
0
25200 25200 17000
24 3000 33600 36600 20000
25 1000 27500 28500 19000
15 4000 25500 29500 20000
25
0
25000 25000 17000
25 5000 50000 55000 20000
18 3000 27000 30000 20000
17 1000 17000 18000 12000
20 3500 34000 37500 20000
CV
G
PG
TP
PP
NV
BV

K
Cn
li
23500
8200
16600
9500
9500
8000
35000
10000
6000
17500

PCCV
5000
4000
3500
3000
0
1000

Cng thc tnh nh sau :

1. Lng = Lng c bn (LCB) x S ngy cng (NC),
ti G3 g: = D3*E3
2. Ph cp chc v (PCCV) ghi ti min F14:G20. tnh PCCV cho tng
ngi, ta lm nh sau :
- t tn cho min F15:G20 l BangPCCV
- Ti F3 g : = VLOOKUP(C3, BangPCCV, 2, 0). V ct th nht ca
Bng PCCV khng xp tng dn nn phi thm tham bin th t (s 0) cho
hm. C th thay s 0 ny bng ch False
Thu nhp = Ph cp chc v + Lng, ti H3 g cng thc:
= F3 + G3. Cch tnh Tm ng nh sau :
Mi ngi tm ng 2/3 s lng (lm trn n hng nghn), nu s
tin tm ng tnh ra > 20000 th ly bng 20000 ti F3 g cng thc :
=MIN(20000,ROUND(2/3*H3,-3))
3. Cn li = Thu nhp - Tm ng, ti K3 g : I3-H3
4. Trong cu 2, thay hm VLOOKUP bng hm HLOOKUP.

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mc lc
I. khi ng v mn hnh Excel............................................................ 1

1. Khi ng .............................................................................................. 1
2. Mn hnh................................................................................................ 1
3. Ra khi Excel ........................................................................................ 3
II. cc thao tc vi bng tnh............................................................... 4

1. Lu (ghi) bng tnh ln a.................................................................... 4

2. M bng tnh c trn a................................................................... 5
3. ng bng tnh ...................................................................................... 5
4. Chn thm 1 bng tnh........................................................................... 5
5. Xo bt 1 bng tnh ............................................................................... 5
6. i tn bng tnh ................................................................................... 5
7. Sao chp / Chuyn 1 bng tnh .............................................................. 5
8. Tch bng tnh ....................................................................................... 6
9. n v hin li 1 bng tnh....................................................................... 6
10. Bo v bng tnh .................................................................................. 6
11. Chn nhiu bng tnh .......................................................................... 6
IIi. X l d liu trong bng tnh........................................................ 6

1. Cc kiu d liu ..................................................................................... 6

2. Cc ton t trong cng thc................................................................... 8
3. Nhp d liu .......................................................................................... 8
4. Sa, xo d liu ................................................................................... 13
5. Cc thao tc vi khi ........................................................................... 13
6. X l , ct, hng trong bng tnh....................................................... 15
7. nh dng d liu ................................................................................ 18
8. t tn cho ........................................................................................ 22
9. Ghi ch cho ...................................................................................... 24
10. Bo v ............................................................................................. 26
iV. hm trong Excel ................................................................................. 26

1. Quy tc s dng hm........................................................................... 26

2. Nhp hm vo bng tnh...................................................................... 27
3. Mt s hm thng dng..................................................................... 29
v. th ........................................................................................................... 38

1. Cc bc to th mi....................................................................... 38
2. Thit lp li th ............................................................................... 41
3. Chnh sa th................................................................................... 42
4. th kiu n chiu (Slideshow) ...................................................... 43

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74

vIi. kiu trnh by.......................................................................................45

1. To mt kiu trnh by mi ................................................................. 46

2. p dng mt kiu trnh by.................................................................. 46
vIii. Macros.....................................................................................................47

1. Ghi mt Macro mi ............................................................................. 47

2. Gn Macro cho thanh cng c............................................................. 48
3. Chy Macro ......................................................................................... 49
4. Xo Macro ........................................................................................... 49
Ix. qun tr d liu.....................................................................................49

1. Khi nim c bn................................................................................. 49

2. Sp xp d liu..................................................................................... 49
3. Lc d liu........................................................................................... 50
4. Cc hm C s d liu (CSDL) ........................................................... 55
5. Tng kt theo nhm............................................................................. 57
X. trnh by trang .....................................................................................63

1. Chn c giy, hng in........................................................................ 63

2. t l ................................................................................................... 64
3. To tiu u / cui trang ................................................................. 64
4. Chn / xo du ngt trang.................................................................... 65
5. Lp li tiu ca bng tnh khi sang trang........................................ 66
6. Khng in li c sn ca bng tnh ..................................................... 67
xi. in ....................................................................................................................67
xII. lm vic vi nhiu bng tnh .......................................................68
xiii. trao i thng tin vi word ......................................................69

1. Chuyn cc kt qu ca Excel cho Word ............................................ 69

2. Chuyn bng g bng Word cho Excel .......................................... 69
bi thc hnh ...............................................................................................70

Vin i hc m h ni
khoa cng ngh tin hc

gio trnh EXCEL

Bin son:

L Quang Huy

H ni, 6 -1999