CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

51

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG
B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
S: 21/2012/TT-BTNMT

H Ni, ngy 19 thng 12 nm 2012

THNG T
Quy nh vic bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng
trong quan trc mi trng
Cn c Lut Bo v mi trng ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005;
Cn c Ngh nh s 25/2008/N-CP ngy 04 thng 3 nm 2008 ca
Chnh ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B
Ti nguyn v mi trng, c sa i, b sung ti Ngh nh s
19/2010/N-CP ngy 08 thng 3 nm 2010 v Ngh nh s 89/2010/N-CP ngy
16 thng 8 nm 2010 ca Chnh ph;
Theo ngh ca Tng cc trng Tng cc Mi trng, V trng V Php
ch v V trng V Khoa hc v Cng ngh;
B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh Thng t quy nh vic bo
m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi trng,
Chng I
QUY NH CHUNG
iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh
1. Thng t ny quy nh vic bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng
trong hot ng quan trc mi trng.
2. Hot ng quan trc mi trng bng cc thit b quan trc t ng, lin tc
khng thuc phm vi iu chnh ca Thng t ny.
iu 2. i tng p dng
Thng t ny p dng i vi c quan qun l Nh nc v mi trng
Trung ng v a phng; cc trm v trung tm quan trc mi trng v cc t
chc, c nhn tham gia hot ng quan trc mi trng giao np bo co, s
liu cho c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng Trung ng v a phng.
iu 3. Cc thut ng v nh ngha
Trong Thng t ny cc thut ng di y c hiu nh sau:

52

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

1. Bo m cht lng (quality assurance - vit tt l QA) trong quan trc

mi trng l mt h thng tch hp cc hot ng qun l v k thut trong
mt t chc nhm bo m cho hot ng quan trc mi trng t c cc tiu
chun cht lng quy nh.
2. Kim sot cht lng (quality control - vit tt l QC) trong quan trc
mi trng l vic thc hin cc bin php nh gi, theo di v kp thi iu
chnh t c tp trung, chnh xc ca cc php o nhm bo m cho
hot ng quan trc mi trng t cc tiu chun cht lng theo quy nh.
3. tp trung hoc chm (precision) l mc tp trung ca cc gi tr o
lp ca cng mt thng s.
4. chnh xc (accuracy) l thc o tin cy ca phng php, m t gn
ti gi tr thc ca i lng o c.
5. M mu (sample batch) l nhm cc mu c x l, phn tch theo
mt quy trnh thc hin, do mt ngi phn tch, trong cng mt ln hiu chun
thit b v c x l, phn tch lin tc, ng thi trong mt khong thi gian
nht nh.
6. Mu trng hin trng (field blank sample) l mu vt liu sch c s
dng kim sot s nhim bn trong qu trnh ly mu, o v th nghim ti
hin trng. Mu trng hin trng c x l, bo qun, vn chuyn v phn
tch cc thng s trong phng th nghim tng t nh mu thc.
7. Mu lp hin trng (field replicate/ duplicate sample) l hai mu tr ln
c ly ti cng mt v tr, cng mt thi gian, s dng cng mt thit b ly
mu, c x l, bo qun, vn chuyn v phn tch cc thng s trong phng
th nghim tng t nh nhau. Mu lp hin trng c s dng kim sot tp
trung ca vic ly mu, o v th nghim ti hin trng.
8. Mu trng vn chuyn (trip blank sample) l mu vt liu sch c s
dng kim sot s nhim bn trong qu trnh vn chuyn mu. Mu trng vn
chuyn c vn chuyn cng vi mu thc trong cng mt iu kin, c bo
qun, phn tch cc thng s trong phng th nghim tng t nh mu thc.
9. Mu trng thit b (equipment blank sample) l mu vt liu sch c s
dng kim sot s nhim bn ca thit b ly mu, nh gi s n nh v
nhiu ca thit b. Mu trng thit b c x l nh mu tht bng thit b ly
mu, c bo qun, vn chuyn v phn tch cc thng s trong phng th nghim
nh mu thc.
10. Mu trng phng php (method blank sample) l mu vt liu sch, thng
l nc ct hai ln, c s dng kim tra s nhim bn dng c v ha cht,
cht chun trong qu trnh phn tch mu. Mu trng phng php c tri qua
cc bc x l, phn tch nh mu thc.

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

53

11. Mu chun thm tra (hoc chun kim tra)(control standard sample)
l dung dch chun ca cht cn phn tch c nng nm trong khong o ca
thit b hay khong lm vic ca ng chun c s dng kim tra qu
trnh hiu chun thit b, theo di qu trnh o mu sau mt khong thi gian o
mu nht nh.
12. Mu lp phng th nghim (lab replicate/ duplicate sample) gm hai hoc
nhiu hn cc phn ca cng mt mu c chun b, phn tch c lp vi cng mt
phng php. Mu lp phng th nghim l mu c s dng nh gi chm
ca kt qu phn tch.
13. Mu thm chun (spike sample/ matrix spike) l mu c b sung thm
mt lng cht cn phn tch bit trc nng trn nn mu thc. Mu thm
chun c chun b v phn tch nh i vi cc mu thc xem xt qu trnh
thc hin ca mt phng php phn tch.
14. Mu chun i chng (certified reference materials - vit tt l CRMs) l
mt lng vt liu hay loi cht c y cc tnh cht hiu chun thit b, nh
gi mt php th hoc xc nh gi tr i vi cc vt liu. Mi mu chun i
chng phi c km theo mt chng nhn v gi tr tham kho, khng m bo
o mt mc tin cy.
15. K hoch bo m cht lng (quality assurance project plan - vit tt l
QAPP) l bn k hoch m t ton b cc th tc bo m cht lng cn thit, cc
hot ng kim sot cht lng v cc hot ng k thut khc cn c thc
hin ca mt chng trnh quan trc mi trng, bo m cc kt qu thu c
p ng cc yu cu ra.
16. Gii hn pht hin ca phng php (method detection limit - vit tt l
MDL) l gi tr nng thp nht ca mt cht cn phn tch c chnh xc n
99%, nng cht cn phn tch ln hn 0.
17. Gii hn pht hin ca thit b (instrument detection limit - vit tt l IDL)
l gi tr thp nht ca mt cht cn phn tch c pht hin ln hn nm ln tn
hiu nhiu ca thit b.
Chng II
NHNG QUY NH C TH
Mc 1
BO M CHT LNG TRONG THIT K CHNG TRNH
QUAN TRC MI TRNG
iu 4. Bo m cht lng trong xc nh mc tiu ca chng trnh
quan trc

54

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

Cn c vo cc yu cu ca c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng,

cc trm v trung tm quan trc mi trng, cc t chc v c nhn tham gia hot
ng quan trc mi trng xc nh mc tiu c th ca chng trnh quan
trc. Vic xc nh mc tiu phi cn c vo chnh sch, php lut v bo v mi
trng hin hnh v cc nhu cu thng tin cn thu thp.
iu 5. Yu cu c bn i vi mt chng trnh quan trc
1. Ph hp vi chin lc, chng trnh, k hoch bo v mi trng quc gia.
2. Thc hin y cc quy nh v thit k chng trnh quan trc mi trng.
3. Bo m p ng mc ch s dng s liu; thi gian, tn sut, thnh phn
v thng s quan trc hp l, ti u.
4. Tun th cc quy nh v quy trnh, phng php cho tng thnh phn v
thng s mi trng cn quan trc.
5. Thng xuyn c r sot, iu chnh, b sung.
iu 6. Thit k chng trnh quan trc mi trng
Vic thit k mt chng trnh quan trc mi trng c thc hin nh sau:
1. Xc nh mc tiu chng trnh quan trc theo quy nh ti iu 4 Thng
t ny.
2. Kho st thc t khu vc cn quan trc.
3. Xc nh cc ngun gy tc ng, cht gy nhim ch yu ca khu vc
quan trc; xc nh vn , i tng nh hng, cc tc ng ca khu vc quan
trc; xc nh ranh gii khu vc quan trc v d bo cc tc ng hoc nhng
bin i c th xy ra trong khu vc quan trc.
4. Xc nh r kiu, loi quan trc, thnh phn mi trng cn quan trc.
5. Lp danh mc cc thng s quan trc theo thnh phn mi trng: cc
thng s o v th nghim ti hin trng, cc thng s phn tch trong phng
th nghim.
6. Thit k phng n ly mu: xc nh tuyn, im ly mu v nh du trn
bn hoc s ; m t v tr a l, ta im quan trc (kinh , v ) v k
hiu cc im quan trc.
7. Xc nh tn sut, thi gian quan trc.
8. Xc nh phng php ly mu, o v th nghim ti hin trng v
phng php phn tch trong phng th nghim.
9. Xc nh quy trnh ly mu, th tch mu cn ly, loi dng c cha mu,
loi ha cht bo qun, thi gian lu mu, loi mu v s lng mu kim sot cht
lng (mu QC).

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

55

10. Lp danh mc v k hoch bo tr, bo dng, hiu chun cc thit b hin

trng v thit b phng th nghim, bao gm c thit b, dng c, phng tin bo
m an ton lao ng.
11. Xc nh cc phng tin phc v hot ng ly mu, vn chuyn mu.
12. Lp k hoch thc hin bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng
(QA/QC) trong quan trc mi trng. Vic lp k hoch bo m cht lng
(QAPP) thc hin theo hng dn ti Ph lc I Thng t ny.
13. Lp k hoch nhn lc thc hin quan trc, trong nu r nhim v
c th ca tng cn b, nhn vin thc hin cc hot ng quan trc mi trng.
14. Lp d ton kinh ph thc hin chng trnh quan trc, bao gm c kinh
ph thc hin bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi
trng.
15. Lp danh mc cc t chc, c nhn tham gia thc hin chng trnh v trch
nhim ca cc bn lin quan.
Mc 2
BO M CHT LNG V KIM SOT CHT LNG
TRONG QUAN TRC TI HIN TRNG
iu 7. Bo m cht lng trong quan trc ti hin trng
1. Xc nh v tr cn ly mu.
2. Xc nh cc thng s cn quan trc, bao gm: tn thng s, n v o,
phng php quan trc thng s .
3. S dng phng php quan trc ph hp vi mc tiu, thng s quan
trc. Phng php quan trc thc hin theo cc vn bn, quy nh php lut hin
hnh v quan trc mi trng hoc theo phng php theo tiu chun quc t
c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ca Vit Nam tha nhn. Thng tin v
thng s v phng php quan trc thc hin theo quy nh ti Bng 1 Ph lc II
Thng t ny.
4. S dng trang thit b ph hp vi phng php quan trc c xc nh,
p ng yu cu ca phng php v k thut v o lng. Trang thit b phi c
hng dn s dng, thng tin chi tit v ngy bo dng, kim nh, hiu chun
v ngi s dng thit b quan trc. Thng tin v trang thit b quan trc thc hin
theo quy nh ti Bng 2 Ph lc II Thng t ny.
5. S dng phng php, cch thc bo qun mu ph hp vi cc thng s
quan trc theo cc quy nh php lut hin hnh v quan trc mi trng hoc
phng php theo tiu chun quc t c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ca

56

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

Vit Nam tha nhn. Thng tin v phng php bo qun mu thc hin theo quy
nh ti Bng 3 Ph lc II Thng t ny.
6. Ha cht, mu chun c chun b y theo quy nh ca tng
phng php quan trc, c ng trong cc bnh cha ph hp, c dn nhn
th hin y cc thng tin v: tn hoc loi ha cht, mu chun; tn nh sn
xut; nng ; ngy chun b; ngi chun b; thi gian s dng v cc thng tin
khc (nu c).
7. Dng c cha mu phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
a) Ph hp vi tng thng s quan trc;
b) Bo m cht lng, khng lm nh hng hoc bin i cht lng ca mu;
c) c dn nhn trong sut thi gian tn ti ca mu. Nhn th hin cc thng
tin v: thng s quan trc; k hiu mu; thi gian ly mu; phng php bo qun
mu s dng v cc thng tin khc (nu c).
8. Vn chuyn mu phi bo ton mu v cht lng v s lng. Thi gian vn
chuyn v nhit ca mu thc hin theo cc vn bn, quy nh hin hnh v quan
trc mi trng i vi tng thng s quan trc.
9. Giao v nhn mu c thc hin nh sau:
a) Giao v nhn mu ngay ti hin trng: do cn b, nhn vin thc hin
quan trc hin trng bn giao cho cn b, nhn vin chu trch nhim vn
chuyn mu;
b) Giao v nhn mu ti phng th nghim: do cn b, nhn vin thc hin quan
trc hin trng hoc cn b, nhn vin chu trch nhim vn chuyn bn giao cho
cn b, nhn vin phng th nghim;
c) Vic giao v nhn mu quy nh ti im a, b khon ny phi c bin bn
bn giao, trong c y tn, ch k ca cc bn c lin quan theo cc ni dung
quy nh ti Bng 4 Ph lc II Thng t ny.
10. Cn b, nhn vin thc hin quan trc ti hin trng phi c trnh ,
chuyn mn ph hp. Vic phn cng nhim v cho tng cn b, nhn vin thc
hin theo quy nh ti Bng 5 Ph lc II Thng t ny.
11. Bo co ly mu c thc hin v hon thnh ngay sau khi kt thc thi
gian ly mu ti hin trng. Ni dung bo co ti thiu phi gm cc thng tin quy
nh ti Bng 6 Ph lc II Thng t ny.
iu 8. Kim sot cht lng trong quan trc ti hin trng
Khi thc hin quan trc ti hin trng phi s dng cc mu QC kim sot
cht lng. Cc mu QC c s dng bo m ph hp vi tng thng s quan
trc. S lng mu QC c s dng nh sau:

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

57

1. Khng vt qu 10% tng s mu thc cn quan trc.

2. Trng hp s lng mu thc cn quan trc ca mt chng trnh
quan trc nh hn 30 mu th s lng mu QC c s dng t nht l 03 mu.
Mc 3
BO M CHT LNG V KIM SOT CHT LNG
TRONG PHNG TH NGHIM
iu 9. Bo m cht lng trong phng th nghim
1. V cn b, nhn vin phng th nghim:
a) C vn bn quy nh c th v trch nhim, quyn hn ca cc cn b
phng th nghim do ngi c thm quyn qun l, ph trch phng th nghim
k, ban hnh;
b) Cn b qun l phng th nghim phi trnh i hc tr ln;
c) Nhn vin ch c giao chnh thc thc hin th nghim khi lnh o
phng th nghim nh gi l t c chnh xc theo yu cu theo cc tiu
ch ni b.
2. H thng qun l cht lng phng th nghim: Phng th nghim phi thit
lp v duy tr h thng qun l cht lng ph hp vi phm vi hot ng, bo m
tnh khch quan v chnh xc ca cc kt qu th nghim.
3. Kim sot ti liu, h s phng th nghim: Phng th nghim phi thc
hin phn loi, thng k, lu tr, qun l v kim sot cc ti liu, h s thuc h
thng qun l cht lng ca phng.
4. nh gi ni b v hot ng ca phng th nghim: Hng nm, phng
th nghim phi lp k hoch v t nh gi c cc hot ng ca phng
nhm kim tra v xc nhn mc tun th cc yu cu ca h thng qun l
cht lng i vi hot ng ca phng th nghim. Sau khi nh gi, phng th
nghim phi c cc bin php khc phc, ci tin cc li pht hin (nu c).
5. Phng php th nghim:
a) La chn phng php th nghim:
Cc phng php th nghim c s dng l cc phng php tiu
chun c ban hnh: tiu chun Vit Nam hoc tiu chun quc t, tiu
chun khu vc c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn. u tin s dng cc
phng php c tiu chun ha mi nht. Cc phng php ni b do phng
th nghim t xy dng phi c ph chun theo quy nh ti im b khon 5
iu 9 Thng t ny.

58

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

b) Ph chun phng php th nghim

Phng th nghim phi c k hoch ph chun phng php th

nghim. Trng phng th nghim chu trch nhim nh gi k hoch, qu
trnh thc hin v kt qu ph chun phng php theo cc tiu ch ni b,
trnh lnh o cp trn k ban hnh v p dng phng php th nghim
trong phng th nghim;
Phng th nghim phi c bng chng bng vn bn v vic la chn phng
php, xc nhn gi tr s dng ca phng php.
6. Trang thit b phng th nghim: Phng th nghim phi lp k hoch kim
tra, bo tr, bo dng v hiu chun cc thit b theo nh k. Cc thit b khng
p ng yu cu v k thut theo nh sn xut khuyn co th phi c khc phc
sa cha, hiu chnh trc khi a vo hot ng, nu thit b cha th sa cha v
hiu chnh c th phi ngng s dng cho n khi sa cha, hiu chnh xong.
7. iu kin v mi trng phng th nghim: Phng th nghim phi kim
sot cc iu kin v mi trng ca phng th nghim, bo m khng nh hng
n kt qu th nghim hoc khng nh hng bt li n cht lng ca cc php
th nghim.
8. Qun l mu th nghim:
a) Cc quy trnh qun l mu phi thch hp vi tng thng s phn tch c th;
b) H thng m ha mu ca phng th nghim phi c xy dng v c
duy tr ti phng th nghim trong sut thi gian mu c lu ti phng th
nghim. H thng m ha mu phi bo m mu khng b nhm ln;
c) Khi tip nhn mu, phng th nghim phi ghi li cc sai lch so vi cc
iu kin bo qun mu quy nh. Khi c bt c nghi ng no v s khng
ph hp, phng th nghim phi trao i kin vi khch hng;
d) Cc mu sau khi c phn tch xong cn phi c lu gi v bo qun
trong mt thi gian theo cc quy nh hin hnh s dng trong trng hp cn
kim tra v phn tch li.
9. Bo m cht lng s liu: Phng th nghim phi xy dng cc th tc
kim sot cht lng kim tra tnh ng, lp li ca php th cng nh s
thnh tho ca nhn vin thc hin php th.
iu 10. Kim sot cht lng trong phng th nghim
1. kim sot cht lng trong phng th nghim, phng th nghim
phi s dng mu QC nh: mu trng thit b, mu trng phng php, mu lp,
mu thm, mu chun i chng, chun thm tra hoc mu QC khc do chng

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

59

trnh quan trc yu cu hoc chng trnh bo m cht lng ca phng th

nghim ra.
2. S lng mu QC ti thiu cn thc hin trong mi m mu phi
kim tra s nhim bn ca dng c, ha cht, thuc th, cc yu t nh hng
v nh gi chm, chnh xc ca kt qu phn tch nhng khng c
vt qu 15% tng s mu cn phn tch ca mt chng trnh quan trc.
3. Tiu ch chp nhn ca kim sot cht lng: kt qu phn tch cc mu
QC ch c gi tr khi a ra c cc gii hn so snh v xc nh c sai
s chp nhn theo yu cu ca chng trnh quan trc hoc theo tiu ch
thng k m phng th nghim xc nh c qu trnh ph chun phng php.
Tiu ch chp nhn cc mu kim sot cht lng trong phng th nghim c
quy nh ti Ph lc III Thng t ny.
Mc 4
BO M CHT LNG V KIM SOT CHT LNG
TRONG QUN L S LIU V LP BO CO
iu 11. Yu cu c bn trong qun l s liu v lp bo co quan trc
mi trng
1. Qun l v nh gi s liu:
a) Ti liu, h s c lin quan n qu trnh quan trc ti hin trng v phn
tch trong phng th nghim phi c lp y , trung thc, kp thi v c lu
gi, qun l theo quy nh;
S liu trong hot ng quan trc ti hin trng phi bo m y ,
thng nht vi h s quan trc ti hin trng; ph hp, thng nht vi thi gian
v v tr ly mu; ph hp, thng nht vi phng php, thit b quan trc;
S liu trong hot ng phn tch trong phng th nghim phi bo m y
, thng nht vi h s phn tch trong phng th nghim; ph hp, thng nht vi
thi gian, thng s phn tch, cc loi mu, cc phng php v thit b phn tch;
ph hp vi tiu ch chp nhn kt qu php o.
b) S liu quan trc ti hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim phi
c kim tra, tnh ton v x l. Trng hp, cn b, nhn vin quan trc v phn
tch pht hin cc sai st trong cc hot ng quan trc mi trng phi bo co
lnh o c quyt nh x l hoc hy b nhng s liu , khng dng cho
mc ch x l s liu v vit bo co kt qu quan trc. Tuy nhin, cc ti liu, s
liu ban u trc khi x l hoc hy b vn phi c lu gi coi nh h s gc,
dng trong cc trng hp cn tra cu li;

60

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

c) Kt qu o, th nghim ti hin trng, kt qu phn tch trong phng

th nghim phi chnh xc, r rng, khch quan; khng suy on, sa cha hoc
t b sung s liu. Khi pht hin hoc nghi ng v kt qu quan trc, c th cn
tin hnh quan trc, phn tch li v cc cn b, nhn vin c lin quan phi chu
trch nhim thc hin vic ghi ch trong ti liu, h s quan trc bo co lnh o
xem xt, x l.
2. Lp bo co quan trc:
a) T chc thc hin quan trc mi trng phi lp Bo co kt qu quan trc
mi trng sau mi t quan trc v Bo co tng hp kt qu quan trc mi trng
hng nm. Cc Bo co kt qu quan trc phi bao gm kt qu vic thc hin
QA/QC trong quan trc mi trng;
b) Bo co kt qu quan trc phi bm st v p ng mc tiu ca chng trnh
quan trc; bo m tnh trung thc, kp thi, chnh xc v khch quan.
iu 12. Kim sot cht lng trong x l s liu
S liu quan trc cn c nh gi cht lng theo mc tiu cht lng s liu.
Vic nh gi t nht phi bao gm:
1. nh gi chm ca php phn tch
Mu lp c s dng nh gi chm ca kt qu phn tch. i vi
hai ln lp, chm c nh gi da trn vic nh gi RPD, c tnh ton
nh sau:
LD1 - LD2
RPD =
x 100 (%)
[(LD1 + LD2)/2]
Trong :
RPD: phn trm sai khc tng i ca mu lp;
LD1: kt qu phn tch ln th nht;
LD2: kt qu phn tch ln th hai.
Gii hn RPD c t chc thc hin quan trc thit lp da trn kt qu ph
duyt phng php phn tch nhng khng vt qu 30%.
2. nh gi tnh hon thin ca s liu
a) Tnh hon thin ca s liu c xc nh thng qua phn trm y ca s
liu, l php o s lng mu cn quan trc, c so snh vi s lng mu quan trc
d kin ly ban u.
b) Cch tnh: Cng thc sau y c s dng xc nh phn trm y ca
s liu (%):

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

61

v x 100
C=

(%)
T

Trong :
C: Phn trm y ca s liu (%);
v: s lng php o mu quan trc theo k hoch c chp nhn hp l;
T: tng s mu cn quan trc theo d kin ban u.
C phi bo m t t 95% tr ln th s liu quan trc bo m nhu cu cung
cp v s dng thng tin.
iu 13. Bo m cht lng trong lp bo co
1. Bo co kt qu quan trc mi trng phi c lnh o ca cc t chc
thc hin quan trc mi trng k, ng du xc nhn trc khi giao np cho c
quan c thm quyn.
2. Cc Bo co kt qu quan trc mi trng c lp theo cc ni dung quy
nh ti Ph lc IV Thng t ny.
Chng III
IU KHON THI HNH
iu 14. T chc thc hin
1. Tng cc Mi trng c trch nhim hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin
Thng t ny.
2. Cn c quy trnh, phng php, nh mc kinh t - k thut v ch chi
tiu hin hnh c lin quan, cc t chc tham gia hot ng quan trc mi trng
trong qu trnh lp d ton kinh ph thc hin quan trc phi lp d ton kinh ph
thc hin bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng.
iu 15. iu khon thi hnh
1. Thng t ny c hiu lc thi hnh, k t ngy 03 thng 02 nm 2013.
2. Thng t s 10/2007/TT-BTNMT ngy 22 thng 10 nm 2007 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng hng dn bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng
trong quan trc mi trng ht hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy Thng t ny c hiu lc
thi hnh.
3. Trong qu trnh thc hin, nu c kh khn, vng mc ngh phn nh v
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (thng qua Tng cc Mi trng) kp thi xem
xt, gii quyt./.
KT. B TRNG
TH TRNG
Bi Cch Tuyn

62

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

Ph lc I
HNG DN XY DNG K HOCH BO M CHT LNG (QAPP)
(Ban hnh km theo Thng t s 21/2012/TT-BTNMT ngy 19 thng 12 nm 2012
ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng)
I. Cc bc chun b
1. Xc nh mc ch v cc mc tiu c th ca chng trnh quan trc.
2. Xc nh ng loi d liu cn thu thp:
a) Xc nh mc ch s dng d liu (nh gi hin trng, gim st cht lng
mi trng, b sung d liu cho c quan qun l hay lm c s cho vic ra cc
quyt nh v mi trng);
b) Thit k chng trnh p ng ng nhu cu ca tng i tng s dng s
liu quan trc: nh qun l, ngi lp k hoch ca a phng hay trung ng;
c) Thit k chng trnh bo m s ph hp gia mc tiu cht lng d liu
cn t c v cc ngun lc sn c.
3. Thu thp cc thng tin c bn thit k chng trnh quan trc:
a) Kho st thc t ti khu vc tin hnh quan trc;
b) Thu thp thng tin v cc chng trnh quan trc tng thc hin trn a
bn khu vc quan trc;
c) Thu thp thng tin v cc d liu sn c, c th c tham kho thit
k chng trnh quan trc.
4. iu chnh mc tiu chng trnh quan trc: Da vo cc thng tin thu thp
c v cc thng tin, d liu sn c, tin hnh iu chnh, nh gi li mc ch
v cc mc tiu c th ca chng trnh thit k ban u.
5. Thit k chng trnh quan trc:
a) Vic thit k chng trnh quan trc phi tun th cc yu cu v cc bc
c trnh by chi tit ti iu 5 v iu 6 Thng t ny;
b) Cc lu i vi vic xc nh mc tiu cht lng d liu nh sau:b
Mc tiu cht lng d liu mang tnh nh tnh v nh lng, m t mc
chp nhn ca d liu hoc tin ch cho ngi khai thc, s dng d liu. Mc
tiu cht lng d liu ch ra cht lng cn c ca d liu nhm p ng cc mc
tiu ca chng trnh quan trc;
Mc tiu cht lng phi xc nh c mt hoc mt s ch s sau: xc nh
chnh xc, tp trung hay chm, v tnh hon thin.
6. Xy dng mt k hoch thc hin bao gm c cng tc hu cn ca chng
trnh quan trc.

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

63

7. Xy dng cc quy trnh thao tc chun (SOPs): Quy trnh thao tc chun
m t chi tit cc qu trnh thc hin, cc phng php p dng nh mt dng s
tay gip cc quan trc vin thc hin quan trc mt cch d dng v bi bn. C th
s dng cc tiu chun hoc hng dn c sn v iu chnh cho ph hp vi
chng trnh quan trc.
8. Thu thp thng tin phn hi v d tho SOPs, d tho QAPP.
9. Hon thin QAPP da trn cc kin nh gi:
a) C th ha phng php s dng v th tc kim sot cht lng;
b) iu chnh cc th tc cho ph hp vi yu cu;
c) Trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt chnh thc.
10. Sau khi QAPP c cp c thm quyn ph duyt, tin hnh thc hin
chng trnh quan trc theo cc th tc m t trong QAPP v s dng nhn lc, ly
mu, o v th nghim ti hin trng, phn tch trong phng th nghim, x l s
liu v vit bo co.
11. nh gi v hon thin chng trnh quan trc theo thi gian v phn nh
bt k s thay i no trong QAPP:
a) Vic hon thin chng trnh quan trc nn tin hnh ng thi vi qu trnh
thc hin chng trnh quan trc;
b) Nu c nhng thay i trong QAPP th phi thng bo cho nh qun l
v lun sn sng cho vic kim tra ca nh qun l v ngi s dng d liu.
II. Cc ni dung c bn ca QAPP
1. Cc ni dung c bn ca mt QAPP nh sau:
a) i tng s s dng d liu quan trc;
b) Mc ch/cc mc tiu/vn ca chng trnh quan trc;
c) Nhng quyt nh, chnh sch c th c a ra t cc d liu quan trc;
d) Nhng vn c th pht sinh v nhng hnh ng gim thiu, khc phc
tc ng ca nhng vn ny;
) Mc tiu cht lng d liu;
e) Cch thc, thi gian v a im thc hin chng trnh quan trc;
g) Phng php phn tch, nh gi v bo co.
2. QAPP c xy dng v ph duyt trc khi bt u chng trnh quan trc.
3. Cc ni dung ca QAPP ph thuc vo cc mc tiu ca chng trnh quan
trc, quy m v cch thc s dng d liu.

64

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

Ph lc II
BIU MU, NHT K QUAN TRC V PHN TCH MI TRNG
(Ban hnh km theo Thng t s 21/2012/TT-BTNMT ngy 19 thng 12 nm 2012
ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng)
Bng 1. Thng tin v thng s v phng php quan trc

STT

Thng s cn
quan trc

n v o

Phng php
quan trc

Ghi ch

1.
2.
3.

Bng 2. Thng tin v trang thit b quan trc

STT

Tn, k hiu, m hiu

trang thit b

Thng s k
thut chnh

Thng s quan trc

tng ng

Ghi ch

1.
2.
3.

Bng 3. Thng tin v phng php bo qun mu

STT

Tn mu hoc
k hiu mu

Thng s cn
phn tch

Phng php
bo qun

1.
2.
3.

Bng 4. Bin bn giao v nhn mu

- Bn/Ngi giao mu:
- Bn/Ngi nhn mu:
- a im giao v nhn mu:

Ghi ch

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

STT

Tn mu

Dng/Loi mu

65

Lng Tnh trng mu khi

mu
bn giao

Ghi
ch

1.
2.
3.

- Vic bn giao mu hon thnh lc.......gi..... pht, ngy.... thng.... nm 20......

- Bin bn c lp thnh 2 bn c gi tr nh nhau, mi bn gi mt bn
Bn giao
(K, h tn)

Bn nhn
(K, h tn)
Bng 5. Bng phn cng nhim v

STT

Trnh , chuyn
ngnh o to

H v tn

1.
2.
3.

Bng 6. Bo co ly mu
Tn mu hoc k hiu mu
Loi hoc dng mu
V tr quan trc
Ta im quan trc
Ngy quan trc
Gi quan trc
Tn ngi ly mu
c im thi tit lc quan trc

Nhim v trong
chng trnh
quan trc

66

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

Thit b quan trc

Phng php quan trc
Phng php bo qun
Ghi ch (nu c)

Ngi ly mu
(K, h tn)

Trng nhm quan trc hin trng

(K, h tn)

* Ch thch:
V tr quan trc: tn hoc m t chnh xc im quan trc hoc ly mu.
Ta im quan trc: ta chnh xc ca v tr quan trc hoc ly mu, s dng h
ta kinh /v (Long/Lat).
Ngy quan trc: nhp y di dng ngy/thng/nm (dd/mm/yyyy).
Gi quan trc: nhp di dng: 07h00, 17h30.
Thit b quan trc: tn cc thit b s dng quan trc hoc ly mu ti hin trng
km theo k hiu, model v nc sn xut.
Phng php quan trc: phng php dng quan trc hoc ly mu hin trng
(TCVN, ISO, Tiu chun quc t khc c cng nhn...).

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

67

Ph lc III
TIU CH CHP NHN CA KIM SOT CHT LNG
V BIN PHP KHC PHC
(Ban hnh km theo Thng t s 21/2012/TT-BTNMT ngy 19 thng 12 nm 2012
ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng)
Phng th nghim cn phi c th tc kim sot cht lng bo m tin cy
ca kt qu phn tch. Tt c cc d liu lin quan ti qu trnh phn tch, kt qu
phn tch cn phi c ghi chp, lu gi. Phng th nghim c th p dng ng
thi nhiu bin php kim sot cht lng ni b. Kt qu phn tch l tin cy
v c chp nhn nu ph hp vi tiu ch a ra ca phng th nghim hoc ca
chng trnh quan trc. Bn cnh , kim sot cht lng pht hin nhng vn
ngoi nhng tiu ch nh, a ra k hoch hnh ng v hiu chnh ngn nga
vic bo co kt qu sai.
1. Kim sot cht lng hng ngy
Mi m mu, phng th nghim cn phi thc hin phn tch ti thiu mt
trong cc mu kim sot sau y: (1) mu trng phng php ( kim sot kh
nng nhim bn ca ha cht, dng c, thit b), (2) mu lp ( nh gi
chm ca kt qu phn tch), (3) mu thm chun ( nh gi chnh xc ca
kt qu phn tch), (4) mu chun thm tra... hoc c th phn tch cc mu
chun i chng.
1.1. Mu trng phng php: c phn tch u tin trong mi m mu.
Khong gi tr ca mu trng phng php c chp nhn nu gi tr o c nm
trong khong 0 MDL (gii hn pht hin ca phng php).
1.2. Mu lp: i vi hai ln lp, nh gi chm da trn nh gi RPD
tng t nh quy nh ti khon 1, iu 12 ca Thng t.
a) Nu RPD nm trong khong gii hn, kt qu phn tch c chp nhn;
b) Nu RPD nm ngoi khong gii hn, v kt qu phn tch c bo co, th
ngi phn tch phi bo co vi trng nhm c quyt nh nh gi cui cng v
kt qu phn tch;
c) Nu RPD nm ngoi khong gii hn, nhng cc kt qu phn tch mu lp
gn vi gi tr gii hn pht hin ca phng php, tnh ton sai khc tuyt
i nh sau:
= LD1 - LD2
Trong :
: sai khc tuyt i
Gii hn c chnh phng th nghim thit lp da trn kt qu ph duyt
phng php phn tch. Nu nm ngoi khong gii hn, v kt qu phn tch

68

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

c bo co, ngi phn tch phi bo co vi trng nhm c quyt nh

nh gi cui cng v kt qu phn tch.
1.3. Mu thm chun: kim tra s nh hng ca nn mu ti kt qu
phn tch thng qua vic nh gi phn trm thu hi (%R) ca mu thm chun:
Cs - C
R=

x 100 (%)
S

Trong :
R: % thu hi;
Cs: Nng mu thm chun;
C: Nng ca mu nn;
S: Nng ng lng ca cht phn tch thm vo mu.
Kt qu phn tch c chp nhn khi % R ca mu thm chun nm trong
khong kim sot do chnh phng th nghim thit lp da trn kt qu ph duyt
phng php.
1.4. Ngoi vic nh gi kt qu phn tch ca cc mu kim sot theo
cc tiu ch nu trn, phng th nghim cn phi kim sot xu hng, din bin
ca kt qu phn tch da trn phng php thng k theo biu kim sot
cht lng.
V d minh ha: biu kim sot cht lng
+3s

Nng

+2s

CL

-2s
-3s
Ngy phn tch

Trong :
CL: l ng trung tm ca biu kim sot, l gi tr trung bnh ca cc gi
tr kim sot hoc gi tr c chng nhn;
CL 2s: l gii hn cnh bo (ngha l 95% kt qu c phn b trong
khong gii hn ny);

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

69

CL 3s: l gii hn kim sot (ngha l 99,7% kt qu c phn b trong

khong gii hn ny);
s: lch chun, c tnh ton da trn b s liu xc nh gi tr ng
trung tm.
Gi thit

Kt lun

Bin php

- Gi tr kim sot nm Phng php c kim Kt qu phn tch c

trong gii hn cnh bo, sot
bo co
hoc:
- Gi tr kim sot nm
trong khong gia gii hn
cnh bo v gii hn kim
sot v hai gi tr kim
sot trc u nm
trong gii hn cnh bo
- Gi tr kim sot nm ngoi Phng php nm ngoi Kt qu phn tch
gii hn kim sot, hoc:
khng c bo co. K
phm vi kim sot
t gi tr kim sot cui
- Gi tr kim sot nm
cng c pht hin, tt
gia gii hn cnh bo v
c mu phi phn tch li.
gii hn kim sot v t
nht mt trong hai gi tr
kim sot trc cng
nm gia gii hn kim
sot v gii hn cnh bo.
- 7 gi tr kim sot theo trt Phng php vn
t t t tng hoc t t
c
kim
sot
gim lin tc, hoc
nhng c th c xu
- 10/11 gi tr kim sot hng ra ngoi kim
lin tc nm v cng mt sot thng k nu tt
c cc gi tr kim
pha ca ng trung tm.
sot nm trong gii
hn cnh bo.

Kt qu phn tch c th
c bo co, nhng
cn phi xem xt
pht hin sm vn
ang pht sinh

2. Kim sot cht lng kt qu phn tch nh k

2.1. kim sot cht lng kt qu phn tch nh k, trc ht phi xem
xt li cc gii hn kim sot thng k v ng trung tm ca biu kim
sot. S nh gi bao gm vic xem xt li 60 gi tr kim sot lin tc cp nht gn
y nht trn biu kim sot cht lng.

70

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

2.2. Vic xem xt theo trnh t nh sau:

a) m s gi tr kim sot nm ngoi khong gii hn cnh bo (ca 60 gi tr

kim sot). Nu s lng gi tr kim sot ln hn 6 hoc nh hn 1, chng t
phm vi ca php phn tch b thay i;
b) Tnh ton gi tr trung bnh ca 60 gi tr kim sot nu ti khon 2.1,
v so snh vi gi tr ca ng trung tm c thit lp trc . Nu s khc
nhau ln hn 0,35s, chng t gi tr trung bnh b thay i.
2.3. Nu xem xt thy cc s vi phm nu ti mc b th cn phi tin hnh
kim sot thng k xc nh mc cc thay i. Tuy nhin, trong trng
hp c s thay i ln th cng khng nht thit phi thay i ng trung tm.

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

71

Ph lc IV
NI DUNG BO CO
(Ban hnh km theo Thng t s 21/2012/TT-BTNMT ngy 19 thng 12 nm 2012
ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng)
Mu 1
BO CO KT QU QUAN TRC MI TRNG
T .
MC LC
Danh mc t vit tt
Danh mc bng biu
Danh mc hnh v
Danh sch nhng ngi tham gia
- Ngi chu trch nhim chnh
- Nhng ngi thc hin
I. M U
Gii thiu chung v nhim v (cn c thc hin, phm vi v ni dung cc cng
vic, thi gian cn thc hin)
II. CHNG TRNH QUAN TRC
1. V tr quan trc
Gii thiu s lc v a im v v tr thc hin quan trc.
Bn minh ha im ly mu.
2. Thng s quan trc
Gii thiu cc thng s quan trc trong t
3. Thit b quan trc:
4. Phng php ly mu:
Gii thiu phng php ly mu quan trc trong t
5. Phng php phn tch:
Gii thiu phng php phn tch cc thng s c quy nh trong t
quan trc
6. a im, v tr ly mu
M t vn tt v cc a im ly mu

72

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

7. iu kin ly mu

Gii thiu s lc v iu kin ly mu. M t c im thi tit v kh tng t

ly mu.
III. NHN XT V NH GI KT QU QUAN TRC
nh gi v cc s liu v kt qu quan trc ca t theo tng khu vc v tng
thnh phn mi trng quy nh trong chng trnh quan trc c ph duyt
so snh vi cc QCVN v TCVN hin hnh.
V biu v nhn xt s b v chiu hng tng/gim gi tr tng thng s
tng ng vi tng khu vc v tng thnh phn mi trng (cc biu c dng
c bn nh dng ct, dng ng).
So snh cht lng mi trng vi cng thi im ca nhng nm trc
(nu c).
IV. NHN XT V NH GI KT QU VIC THC HIN QA/QC
TRONG QUAN TRC MI TRNG
V. KT LUN V KIN NGH
nh gi chung v cht lng mi trng theo tng thnh phn quan trc nh gi
cht lng mi trng ti khu vc quan trc
PH LC
Ph lc 1: Danh mc thit b quan trc;
Ph lc 2: Danh mc phng php phn tch;
Ph lc 3: Biu tng hp kt qu quan trc.

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

73

Mu 2
BO CO TNG HP KT QU QUAN TRC MI TRNG
NM ...
MC LC
Danh mc t vit tt
Danh mc bng biu
Danh mc hnh v
Danh sch nhng ngi tham gia
- Ngi chu trch nhim chnh
- Nhng ngi thc hin
I. M U
1. Gii thiu chung v nhim v quan trc
Mc tiu nhim v
S lc phm vi thc hin ca nhim v (a bn thc hin quan trc) K hoch
thc hin, tn sut quan trc
V tr quan trc:
- Gii thiu s lc v iu kin t nhin, kinh t x hi, a im v v tr thc
hin quan trc.
- Bn minh ha im ly mu.
2. Thuyt minh tm tt v tnh hnh thc hin nhim v quan trc ca c nm
Gii thiu vn tt v a im v c im thi im tin hnh quan trc.
II. THNG TIN V CHNG TRNH QUAN TRC C NM
1. a im, v tr quan trc
M t vn tt v cc a im, v tr quan trc, c im thi tit v kh tng
t ly mu.
2. Thng s quan trc
Da trn k hoch quan trc c ph duyt, cc thng s quan trc
c la chn mang tnh c trng ch th nhim ca cc loi mi trng tng
ng, ng thi y l nhng thng s c trng c quy nh trong cc QCVN
v TCVN hin hnh ang c hiu lc.
Cc thng s quan trc c tin hnh ti trm theo cc t quan trc
3. Thit b v phng php quan trc
Nu phng php quan trc ngoi hin trng v trong phng th nghim c p
dng theo cc Tiu chun v Quy chun hin hnh.

74

CNG BO/S 37 + 38/Ngy 22-01-2013

III. NHN XT V NH GI KT QU QUAN TRC MI TRNG

1. Xy dng cc biu nh gi din bin cht lng mi trng theo

cc thng s, theo thi gian v khng gian.
2. Nhn xt v nh gi chung v cht lng tng thnh phn mi trng theo
tng thng s ca tng khu vc trong nm .
3. Nu din bin hoc nh gi s khc bit gia cc t quan trc.
4. So snh gia cc a phng hoc im quan trc v so snh cc kt qu
quan trc ca cc nm trc nhm nh gi din bin cht lng ca tng thnh
phn mi trng.
IV. NHN XT V NH GI KT QU VIC THC HIN QA/QC
TRONG QUAN TRC MI TRNG
V. KT LUN V KIN NGH
nh gi chung v cht lng mi trng theo tng thnh phn quan trc
nh gi chung v cht lng mi trng theo tng khu vc quan trc
Nhn nh chung v cht lng mi trng ti khu vc thc hin quan trc
xut cc kin ngh lin quan n chng trnh quan trc c thc hin.
PH LC
Ph lc 1: Danh mc thit b quan trc;
Ph lc 2: Danh mc phng php phn tch;
Ph lc 3: Biu tng hp kt qu quan trc.