Tutorial 4 Examples

Q1
(c) f '( x ) Lim
h 0

xh4 x4
Lim
h
h 0 h

xh4 x4
xh4 x4

1
2 x4

Q2
(b)
y= sec(tan x)
dy/dx=sec(tan x) tan( tan x) d(tan x)/dx = sec(tan x) tan( tan x) sec2x
(c)
y=(2sin x + 5x2)2
dy/dx= 2(2sin x + 5x2) d(2sin x + 5x2)/dx= 2(2sin x + 5x2)(2cos x + 10x)
Q3
(b)
x1/2+y1/2=a1/2
differentiate throughout with respect to x
1 12 1 12 dy
x y
0
2
2
dx
dy
y

dx
x
(d)
y
y

1 x
1 x2

1 x 1 x
2

y 2 2 x 1 x2 2 y
dy
1 2 xy 2

dx
2 y 1 x2
Q4
(b)

dy
1
dx

xy y 2 1
dy
dy
dy
y
y x 2y
0

dx
dx
dx
x 2y

dy
d 2 y dy
x 2 2
dx
dx
dx

dy
dy
2 2
2
2
d y dy dy
d y
dx
dx
y 2
0 2

dx
dx dx
dx
x 2y

Hence
dy
dx

x0
y 1

d 2 y
dx 2

1
1

02
2

1
2 1

02
4
1

x 0
y 1
dy 1

dx 2

Q5

V is volume of water in the spherical tank of radius R when the height of the water is y.
The corresponding radius of the surface of the water in the tank is r.
V

2
y 3R y
3

dV
dy
2 y 3R y y 2 1
dt
3
dt
dy
dt

R 13
y 8
dV
6
dt

1
1
(6)
144
24

dy

6 Ry 3 y 2
dt 3

m / min

dV
dt

r 2 13 y 132
2

r 26 y y 2

1
dr 1
dy
13 y dy
2 2
26 y y 26 2 y

dt 2
dt
26 y y 2 dt

dr
dt

y 8
dy
1

dt
24

13 8
1
5


24
288
26 8 64

m / min

Q8
Height of plane above road surface is 3 mi. s is the horizontal distance between the plane
and the car and r is the line-of-sight distance between the plane and the car.
r2= 32 + s2
dr
ds
2r
2s
dt
dt
ds
dt

r 5
dr
160
dt

ds r dr
r
dr

2
dt s dt
r 9 dt

5
160 200 mph
16

Speed of plane is 120mph. Relative speed of plane to the car is 200mph. The given
negative line of sight speed dr/dt (and the resulting negative ds/dt) indicates that the car is
heading towards the plane. The sum of speed of car and speed of plane is 200mph. Speed
of car is hence 200-120 mph= 80mph.
Q9
(a)
Since (x+1)20,
x 2 2 x 1 0 x 2 1 2 x
1
x
2
divide previous result by 2( x 2 1)
2 x 1
Similarly (x-1)2 0,
x2 2x 1 0 x2 1 2x
1
x
2
divide previous result by 2( x 2 1)
2 x 1
1
x
1

Hence 2
2 x 1 2
(b)
By mean value theorem there is a value c in the interval from a to be such that
f (b) f (a )
f ' c
ba

But f(c)=c/(c2+1). Using result in (a),

c
1
f '(c) 2

c 1 2
f (b) f (a ) 1
1

f (b) f (a) b a
ba
2
2
Q10
(a)
y=2x3+bx+c
y=6x2+b
For a minimum at x=1, y(1)=6+b=0. Hence b= -6.
(b)
y=12x. y(1)= 12 >0, independent of b and hence it cannot be changed to a negative
value. Hence the turning point at x=1 is always a minimum for any value of b.