Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ ΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ Β ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ
ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ ΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ Β ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ
.
.
, MB :
=
, , ,
( ).
!!!
, .. 4
, , .
, , ,
, .
100.000.
, , 100.
100 100.000,
100.000
100
= 1.000.
&
.
1 ,
= . , ,
(
). 2
.
[1]
(, )
.
2 .
;
2 1 ,
.
( )
( ).
2 1 . 3
2 . ,
1.
1 .
100 .
;
2 1 . 100
99 .
!!!
,
.
.
1 ( )
2 ( ) .
, . ,
:
(.. RNA).
.
(.. DNA ).
(.. DNA ).
[2]
!!!
DNA RNA .
,
.
, (
).
1. ,
1.
, 1
. 3
3 .
4 4. ,
. ,
.
2
.
1. , 2
2 2. ,
,
- 2.
.
.
[3]
2 . ,
,
.
!!!
/
/, .
2 1 ().
, 1
.
2 () 1
. , 1 .
, .
=
,
. ,
.
100
;
2 1 . 100
99 .
1 .
, 99 99
.
DNA (), (), (C)
(G).
[4]
[5]
50 C 30,
.
. , , = & C = G.
, :
= + + C + G
= 2 + 2 G
= 250 + 230
= 160
%
20%
, = 0,2.
= 0,2 , 0,2,
. %
(, ).
%
.
. , .
20%
200 .
. , , = & C = G.
= 0,2200 = 40. , = = 40.
, :
= + + C + G
= 2 + 2 G
200 = 240 + 2G
G = 60 = C
[6]
%
%
.
.
x % , :
100% x
x=
100%
100. 100,
A 100%
N
!!!
DNA
2
C G 3. DNA
:
.. = 2 / + 3 C/G
2 , . :
1 / 1 1 .
2 / 2 2 .
/ .
/ = . ,
/ 2 2. C/G. ,
:
.. = 2A + 3G
[7]
1.
4
2 (, , 2 ).
5.000. 1.
2. 50,
. ;
4 (1 , 1 2 ).
.
= 5.000 & = 50.
5.000
50
= 100.
, , 2100 = 200.
, , 2200 = 400.
1 , 1 2 .
1()100 + 1()200 + 2()400 = 1.100.
1.10050 = 55.000.
2.
4 2 .
100.000.
200 . 100,
2 .
4 2 .
= 100.000 & = 100.
1 2 200 .
MB 100.000
100,
[8]
100.000
100
= 1.000.
4 2 .
200 . , 2 200 + 200
= 400 .
1.000, 2
1.000 400 = 600 .
2 , ,
600
2
= 300 .
2 300100 = 30.000.
3.
4 2 .
60.000 200.
,
;
4 2 .
= 60.000 & = 200.
.
60.000
200
= 300.
x ,
2x.
2 2 .
x + x + 2x + 2x. :
x + x + 2x + 2x = 300
6x = 300
x = 50
50 250 = 100.
[9]
4.
DNA 100 ;
DNA 100 .
1. , 2
2 2. , DNA
100 , 100 2 = 98.
5.
, 100 ,
. ;
;
100 .
.
1. , 100 99
. , 99 .
.
, 100 100
. , 100 .
()
1 . 99
100 .
[10]
6.
tRNA 86 . tRNA 86
.
;
tRNA 86 .
tRNA
1. ,
86 85 . ,
85 .
() 1
. 85 85
.
7.
3 90 ;
3 .
90.
3 ,
90
3
= 30 .
30 29
. 329 = 87.
() 1 .
87 87 .
[11]
8.
DNA 200 .
1.000, .
DNA.
1.000 200.
DNA . , , = & C = G.
, :
= + + C + G
= 2 + 2 G
1.000 = 2200 + 2G
G = 300
, = = 200 C = G = 300.
9.
DNA 500 .
G 100, %
.
DNA 500 .
G = 100.
DNA . , , = & C = G.
, :
= + + C + G
= 2 + 2 G
500 = 2 + 2100
= 150
x G C, :
100% G x
500
G 100
x = 20%
[12]
y , :
100% y
500
150
y = 30%
10. DNA 1.000 .
G 300,
.
DNA 1.000 .
G = 200.
DNA . , , = & C = G.
, :
= + + C + G
= 2 + 2G
1.000 = 2 + 2300
= 200
/ 2 .. C/G 3. ..
:
.. = 2 + 3G
.. = 2200 + 3300 = 1.300
11.
C 20% DNA
1.200, .
.. 1.200.
C 20% .
DNA . , , = & C = G.
C = 0,2
[13]
/ 2 .. C/G 3. ..
:
.. = 2 + 3C
, :
= + + C + C
= 2 + 2C
.. = 2 + 3C
1.200 = 2 + 2C + C = 2 + 2C
1.200 = + C C = 0,2N
1.200 = N + 0,2N
1.200 = 1,2N
N = 1.000
[14]
1.
3 2 . 60.000
100. 300
10.000, .
2.
mRNA 2 . 2 1.500
1. mRNA
20.000. ;
3.
2 . 2
1. 100
1
250
;
4.
4 2
( 2 2 ). 5
57.400,
; 100.
5.
10.000.
100,
;
6.
2 , 1 3 ( 3 ).
500.000. 200.000
100.
;
7.
DNA C 200,
.
8.
DNA 30% .
1.000, %
.
9.
C 25% DNA
1.000 , .
[15]