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©ncert Not To Be Republished: On The Trail of The Earliest People
©ncert Not To Be Republished: On The Trail of The Earliest People
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ON THE TRAIL OF THE
EARLIEST PEOPLE
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Stone tools
A : These are examples
of the earliest stone
tools.
B : These were made
several thousand years
later.
C : These were made
later still.
D : These were made
about 10,000 years ago.
E : These are natural
pebbles.
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ON THE TRAIL OF THE
EARLIEST PEOPLE
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MAP : 2
Some Important Archaeological Sites
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Sites
are places where the remains of things (tools, pots,
buildings etc.) were found. These were made, used
and left behind by people. These may be found on
the surface of the earth, buried under the earth, or
sometimes even under water. You will learn more
about different sites in later chapters.
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Making stone tools
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A changing environment
Around 12,000 years ago, there were major
changes in the climate of the world, with a shift
to relatively warm conditions. In many areas, this
led to the development of grasslands. This in turn
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Names and dates
Archaeologists have given lengthy names for the time that we are studying.
They call the earliest period the Palaeolithic. This comes from two Greek
words, palaeo, meaning old, and lithos, meaning stone. The name points
to the importance of finds of stone tools. The Palaeolithic period extends
from 2 million years ago to about 12,000 years ago. This long stretch of
time is divided into the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. This long
span of time covers 99% of human history.
The period when we find environmental changes, beginning about
12,000 years ago till about 10,000 years ago is called the Mesolithic (middle
stone). Stone tools found during this period are generally tiny, and are
called microliths. Microliths were probably stuck on to handles of bone or
wood to make tools such as saws and sickles. At the same time, older
varieties of tools continued to be in use.
Look at the illustration on page13. Do you notice any difference in the
tools belonging to these periods?
The next stage, from about 10,000 years ago, is known as the Neolithic.
You will be learning about the Neolithic in Chapter 3.
What do you think the term Neolithic means?
We have also mentioned the name of some places. You will find the
names of many more places in later chapters. Very often, we use presentday names of the places where people lived in the past, because
we do not
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know what they called them.
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Who did what?
Ostriches in India!
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Elsewhere
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ON THE TRAIL OF THE
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Imagine
KEYWORDS
hunter-gatherer
site
habitation
factory
Palaeolithic
Mesolithic
microliths
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Lets recall
1.
2.
Lets discuss
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3.
4.
What tools would you use today for cutting fruit? What
would they be made of?
5.
SOME IMPORTANT
Lets do
6.
DATES
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7.
8.
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