UNIT 5 EMPLOYMENT TRENDS

Listening and Discussion/Nghe v tho lun

E. Complete the sentences with these words and phrase from the interview
1. Job in the service sector, such as catering and cleaning, are traditionally very low
paid.
Cc cng vic trong ngnh dch v, chng hn nh nhn vin phc v v dn dp,
thng c tr cng rt thp.
2. The average length of employment tenure has, surprisingly, increased in the last
decade in the UK.
di trung bnh ca mt nhim k lm vic, tht ng ngc nhin, tng ln trong
mt thp k qua.
3. Some experts predict that the expansion of the European Union will produce a more
mobile workforce, with people moving around more for work.
Mt s chuyn gia d on vic m rng lin minh chu u s to ra nhiu lc lng
lao ng di ng, bao gm nhng ngi phi di chuyn nhiu cho cng vic.
4. With the economic downturn and new flexible contracts, there is less job stability
than there was a generation ago.
S t c nhng cng vic n nh hn so vi trc y do s suy thoi kinh t v
nhng hp ng c tnh linh hot hn.
5. Will the phenomenon of job enlargement produce a reduction in middle
management positions?
Liu hin tng m rng cng vic c to ra s suy gim s lng v tr cc qun l
cp trung?
6. Employees with fewer skill have always had less bargaining power when it comes to
negotiating pay and conditions.
Nhng ngi lao ng c t k nng lun c t kh nng thng lng hn khi m
phn v lng v iu kin cng vic
7. Fewer skilled manual workers, like plumbers and electricians, are being trained
these days.
Cng nhn c tay ngh cao, nh th my v th in, ang c o to trong thi
gian ny.
8. The governments has recently introduced new minimum-wage legislation in an
attempt to protect salaries.
Chnh ph a ra lut mc lng ti thiu trong thi gian gn y nhm n lc
bo v mc thu nhp.
Reading and Language
C. Read the whole article and choose the correct option to complete these
sentences
1b. Despite significant growth in the sector, a high turnover of staff in Indias Call
Centres has led to criticism of its work culture.
Mc d c s tng trng ng k trong lnh vc ny, vn nhy vic c mc
lng cao hn ca nhn vin trong cc Trung tm tng i ti n dn ti s
ph phn v vn ho lm vic ca nhng nhn vin ny.
2c.Young workers recruited by a Call Centre in India often leave the job to work in
another centre that pays better/even if they dont have another job to go to.
Nhng lao ng tr c tuyn dng bi cc Trung tm tng i ti n thng
ngh vic lm ti cc trung tm khc c mc lng cao hn hoc k c khi h
khng c cng vic no khc.

3b. As a result of some unfair tactics by competitive call centres, some multinationals
are now opening call centres in more remote places.
Mt s cng ty a quc gia ang m nhng Trung tm cuc gi ti nhng ni xa xi,
nh mt h qu ca vic cnh tranh khng lnh mnh ca cc i th cnh tranh khc
4c. Allowing more mature employees to work from home or part-time is another way
of dealing with the problem of staff turnover.
Cho php nhiu ngi ng trng thnh c th lm vic ti nh hoc bn thi gian
l mt cch gii quyt vn nhy vic ca nhn vin.
5a. Despite high attrition rates, call centres in India are expected to continue to grow.
Mc d c t l hao ht cao, nhng trung tm cuc gi ti n vn d kin l s tip
tc tng trng.
READING
N : CC TNG I BO NG S THAY I
Theo nh cc nh truyn thng hc, cc tng i ca n phi chu trch nhim cho
rt nhiu iu t hi. H ni rng khng ch c cc khu vc pht trin nhanh chng
gp phn to ra mt th h cc ngi tiu dng ba bi mi, m chnh vn ha lm
vic thng xuyn thay i ch lm cn ph hoi nhng c tnh chng hn nh lng
trung thnh, tnh th bc, tnh nhn ni v tnh k lut. Nhng mi lo ngi ny dng
nh l khng ng k trong bi cnh thc t s lng nhn vin ca h trong khu vc
ny gn nh tng gp bn ln tnh trn u ngi trong ba nm qua vi hn
350.000 nhn vin v c v nh ang tip tc m rng n mc 50% mt nm.
Nhng mi lo ngi ny cng ang tr thnh vn au u nht ca nhng nh qun
l tng i ca n . T l tiu hao nhn lc, c bit l nhng khu vc trung tm
rng ln hn ca Bangalore, Delhi v Mumbai tng vt ln n 50% trong vng 18
thng qua. iu ny vn cn kh d chu so vi cc t l thp nht ca cc tng i
pha Ty, ni m t l thiu ht c th vt qu 100%. Hin nay ngy cng c nhiu
nhng thch thc nghim trng c t ra i vi cc nh qun l nhn s ca n
. ng Noni Chawla, mt chuyn vin qun l v sn u ngi Delhi cho bit
Mi cho n rt gn y, n c mt nn vn ha ni bn c c mt cng
vic cho c i v chng bao gi ngh t b n tr khi bn c mt li mi cnh tranh
hn t cng ty i th khc. Tuy nhin nhng tng i vin tr tui ny chng ngh
g ngoi vic kim c mt ci ngh, tham gia kha o to 4 tun v ri i khi tay
trng.
Tuy nhin vn c mt lp lun kinh t i vi cc tnh trng bt n ny. Mc d n
cung cp lng c nhn Anh vn nhiu khng g snh c - khong 2,5 triu c nhn
Anh vn ti n mi nm, hu ht trong s h t c trnh ting Anh nht nh
nhng t l m rng ngnh cho chng ta thy rng cu thng xuyn vt xa cung.
iu ny c bit ng vi trng hp cng ngy cng c nhiu tng i mc ln.
Ti s t vn cho cc cng ty chun b thnh lp n h trnh lp cng ty
Bangalore. ng Paul Davies, gim c iu hnh ca Onshore Offshore, mt cng ty
t vn Anh cho bit. C mt vng ua m nhng cng ty mi thnh lp tn
cng vo v sn trm nhn s vi mc lng cao hn.
Cc cng ty c th la chn gii php l tm kim mt a im ho lnh hn, in
hnh nh HSBC chn gn y, khi tp on m mt tng i mi ti b bin
ca bang Andhra Pradesh. n c hn 50 th trn vi dn s l 500,000 ngi hoc
nhiu hn. Tuy nhin, chin lc ny cng c nhng ri ro ca n. Mt cng ty a

quc gia gn y lp mt trung tm th Rajasthan ca Jaipur nhn thy rng

tht kh y mnh s lng nhn vin vi tc nh mong i. ng Raju
Bhatnagar, ch tch ca ICICI OneSource, mt tng i ln th ba ca n vi hn
4200 nhn vin Bangalore v Mumbai ni rng n c rt nhiu ngi ni bng
ting Anh, th nhng nh u t khng nn nh gi qu cao s lng ngi sn sng
lm vic. Tt hn ht l hy i mt vi vn tiu hao nhn lc hn l tnh
trng thiu ngun cung nhn lc.
C mt gii php khc, chp nhn ngy cng nhiu cc hnh thc k l, l khin
cho ni lm vic tr nn hp dn hn. Mt vi cng ty gii thiu cc lp hc nhy
Salsa. Cc cng ty cn li th chuyn sang cc cn-tin a dng v m thc. Hu ht tt
c cc cng ty u c cc phng tin gii tr ti ni lm vic chng hn nh cc bn
bi lc hoc cc quy caf, mc d vi hiu qu rt gii hn. ng Chawla ni Bn ch
thc s c th thu ht mi ngi bng cc mo qung co ny m thi cn vic gi
chn h th li l mt vn khc.
Nghim trng hn, nhiu cng ty cng ang tr nn thn trng hn trong vic gii
quyt cc tnh trng chn thng ca nhn vin, c bit l vi nhng ngi lm vic
trong h thng in thoi, chng hn nh l cc cuc gi b lm dng. ng Bhatnagar
ni rng Tt c cc cuc in thoi u c ghi m li, chnh v vy chng ti tp
hp mi ngi v pht li n ri yu cu mi ngi a ra kin ngh c th gii
quyt mt cch tt hn. iu gip cho cc nhn vin nhn ra rng khng phi
l vn c nhn. Tht ra, ch c khong 1% trong tt c cc cuc gi l lng m, s
nhc v vic o to c th gip ch nhiu hn. ng Davies cho bit Phn ng in
hnh ca ngi n khi tc gin chnh l im lng, iu ch lm cho cc khch
hng phng Ty cm thy ti t hn m thi. Nhng h li hc hi rt nhanh.
Mt gii php khc vn ang cn trong giai on th nghim l thu nhng nhn
vin ln tui lm bn thi gian, bao gm c cc b ni tr, v cho php h lm vic t
xa ti nh. C khong 80% nhn vin tng i ca n tui 20-25 khng coi
ngnh ny l s nghip lu di ca h.
Thm mt la chn na cn ang c cng ty xem xt l thnh lp cc tng i ti
cc khun vin trng i hc v cho php sinh vin gh vo xem v lm vic bn thi
gian. Mt nh qun l ngun nhn lc Delhi cho bit: Chng ta cng linh hot bao
nhiu th cng c nhiu nhn vin gn b lu di vi chng ta by nhiu.
Sau cng, mc d khng c nhiu cng ty c th khc phc hai vn ct li l: rt
t ngi mun ng vo ban ngy v lm vic vo ban m (d dn n hi chng mt
mi ko di do tri mi gi) v rng, mc d vic pht trin tt hn mong i nghe c
v hp dn, nhng hu ht cc cng vic tng i u l lp i lp li v s duy tr
mi nh th.
Cng ti thi im y, c rt t kin ngh v vn ca mt lc lng lao ng vn
v t chc s to ra mt mi nguy him ch mng i vi s pht trin lin tc ca n
. ng Bhatmagar ni rng: S hao mn nhn lc ca cc tng i l vn ph
bin. iu ny din ra rt t ti n , nhng khng gn n mc bn s thy c
n phng Ty.
PRACTICLE FILE
A. Complete the sentences with words from the box.
1. In summer, some students are employed as casual workers by our local hospital.
Vo ma h, mt s sinh vin c tuyn dng nh l ngi lao ng bnh thng bi
cc bnh vin a phng ca chng ti.

2. Apparently, all EU states have declined to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights
of migrant Workers and their Families.
R rng, tt c cc nc EU t chi ph chun Cng c Lin Hip Quc v
Quyn ca ngi lao ng di c v gia nh ca h.
3. Are you employed by a company, or are you self-employed ?
Bn ang lm vic cho mt cng ty, hay l bn t lm ch?
4. In call centres, absence and employee turnover rates can be as high as 30 per cent
and 100 per cent respectively.
Ti cc trung tm cuc gi, s vng mt v t l doanh thu ca nhn vin c th cao
ti 30 phn trm v 100 phn trm tng ng.
5. In many countries, seasonal work is often available on farms, orchards and
vineyards and in forests.
nhiu quc gia, cng vic thi v thng c sn trn cc trang tri, vn cy n
tri v nhng vn nho v trong rng.
6. It is often said that shift work can have a very damaging effect on your sleep
patterns.
Ngi ta thng ni rng cng vic theo ca c th c mt nh hng rt tai hi n
m hnh gic ng ca bn
7. Most people want to be paid reasonably and to be given some job security and a
degree of responsibility for their work.
Hu ht mi ngi mun c tr lng hp l v c a ra mt s cng vic bo
mt v mc trch nhim i vi cng vic ca h.
8. Some companies offer unusual perks such a message, salsa classes and plastic
surgery.
Mt s cng ty pht bng lc bt thng nh l massage, lp salsa v phu thut
thm m.
9. Understandably, working mothers and fathers often seek flexible hours.
Rt d hiu,khi cc b m v ng b thng tm vic lm gi linh hot.
10. If you do not meet your performance targets, you will lose your bonus.
Nu bn khng p ng c mc tiu hot ng ca bn, bn s mt tin thng ca
bn.
B. Complete the pairs of synonyms with items from the box.
dismiss

lay off

1. to end /terminate a contract

Kt thc / chm dt hp ng
2. to fire /dismiss an employee
Sa thi / sa thi mt nhn vin
3. to recruit /take on staff
Tuyn dng /tuyn dng nhn vin mi
4. to make staff redundant /to lay off staff

leave
terminate

select

take on

Lm cho nhn vin d tha / d tha nhn vin

5. to choose /select a candidate
La chn / chn mt ng c vin
6. to quit /leave ones job
T b / t b mt cng vic
C. Match the word to make collocations. Then complete the sentences on page 29
with the correct words.
1-d 2a 3e 4f 5b 6g 7c 8h
1. Attractive fringe benefits and promotion opportunities help increase staff
motivation.
Phc li hp dn v c hi thng tin gip tng ng lc nhn vin
2. A number of call centres have on site work culture , such as football tables and
cafs.
Mt s trung tm cuc gi c cc c s vui chi gii tr trn trang web, chng hn
nh cc bng bng v qun c ph.
3. Despite high attrition rates , call centres in India are expected to continue to grow.
Mc d t l hao ht cao, cc trung tm cuc gi n c d kin s tip tc
tng trng.
4. Giving staff more responsibility and praising them for their achivements can
increase conflict resolution .
Gip nhn vin nhiu trch nhim v khen ngi h v nhng thnh tu ca h c
th lm tng s hi lng cng vic
5. High employee turnover is a huge challenge for recreation facilities managers.
Vi mc doanh thu cao l mt thch thc ln i vi cc nh qun l ngun nhn
lc
6. It was the companys revolving door human resources that was the cause of low
employee loyalty.
S thay i vn ha lm vic ca cng ty l nguyn nhn ca s trung thnh
ca nhn vin thp.
7. Managers need good employment policy skills so that minor problems do not
degenerate into an industrial dispute.
Cc nh qun l cn c k nng gii quyt xung t tt cc vn nh khng
bin thnh mt cuc tranh chp ln.
8. Some people argue that government job satisfaction should include controls over
working hours.
Mt s ngi cho rng chnh sch vic lm ca chnh ph nn bao gm kim sot
i vi gi lm vic.
D. Complete each set of sentences with the same word.
1. The new regulations apply to all companies employing 150 or more.
Fraudsters can use your personal details to apply for credit cards, loan and other
financial products.
She is planning to apply for a full time job as a computer technician.
1. Cc quy nh mi p dng cho tt c cc cng ty s dng 150 ngi hoc hn.
K la o c th s dng thng tin c nhn ca bn p dng cho th tn
dng, cho vay v cc sn phm ti chnh khc.
C ang c k hoch ng tuyn mt cng vic ton thi gian lm mt k
thut vin my tnh.

2. Our consultant helpd us to resolve the conflict and to build mutually beneficial
relationships.
The new managers ambition is to build up the company to be an industry leader.
We will build on last years success and improve our earnings before interest and tax
by 15 per cent.
2. Chuyn gia t vn ca chng ti gip chng ti gii quyt cuc xung t v xy
dng quan h cc bn cng c li
Tham vng ca ngi qun l mi l xy dng nn cc cng ty nh l mt
ngi i u ngnh cng nghip.
Chng ti s xy dng trn s thnh cng ca nm ngoi v ci thin thu nhp
trc li vay v thu bng bng 15 phn trm.
3. How can consultation exist when company directors may be thinking of substituting
their permanent workforce with a cheaper labour supply based overseas?
At the meeting, workers will vote whether to withdraw their labour or to continue
working.
The company is desperately trying to keep down labour costs.
3. Lm th no t vn c th tn ti khi gim c cng ty c th ngh n vic
thay th lc lng lao ng thng tr vi mt ngun cung cp lao ng r
hn da nc ngoi?
Ti bui hp, ngi lao ng s b phiu xem c nn ngh vic hoc tip tc
lm vic.
Cng ty ang rt c gng gim bt chi ph lao ng
4. The new manager soon earned a reputation as an expert on conflict resolution.
She worked extremely hard but earned only a meagre wage.
While he was in Canada, he earned a living as a music teacher.
4. Ngi qun l mi sm ginh c mt danh ting nh l mt chuyn gia v
gii quyt xung t.
C lm vic v cng kh khn nhng ch thu c mt ng lng t i.
Khi ng Canada, ng kim sng bng ngh gio vin m nhc.
5. The British car industry had one of its most depressing years on record.
The company was trying to raise production rates to a record level.
The candidate should have a proven record od excellent resarch or be able to
demonstrate potential for such research.
5. Cc ngnh cng nghip xe hi Anh c mt nm bun nht ca n c ghi
nhn.
Cng ty c gng nng cao t l sn xut n mc k lc.
Cc ng vin cn c mt h s chng minh nghin cu xut sc hoc c th
chng minh kh nng nghin cu nh vy.