II.

C s l thuyt (1)
II.1. Phng php phn tch kch hot neutron
C s vt l: Da trn phn ng (n,)

A: s khi ca nguyn t bia.

Z: s in tch nhn bia.

II. C s l thuyt (2)

II.1. Phng php phn tch kch hot neutron
Cc phng php nh lng ca NAA
Phng php tuyt i
Phng php tng i
Phng php chun n
Phng php chun ha k-zero (k0)

II. C s l thuyt (3)

Phng php tuyt i
Hm lng nguyn t c th thu c bng vic chiu km
mu vi mt monitor chun:

Np / t m

* * *
*
* *
p
M

G
f

G
6
w.D.S.C
0
th
e Q 0 ()
(g / g)
.
.
.
.10
A*sp
M*0 G th f G e Q 0 () *p

th
f
e

A*sp

Np / t m

: t s thng lng ntron nhit/ ntron trn nhit

W.S.D.C

: hot ring ca monitor (*) (phn r/giy/gam);

Q0 0, 429
0, 429
I 0 ( )

Q 0 ( )
=
E r
(2 1) 0,55
0

: tch phn cng hng

II. C s l thuyt (4)

Phng php tng i
L phng php chiu mu km theo mt mu chun vi
hm lng ca nguyn t quan tm c bit trc.
Hm lng bng phng php tng i c vit nh sau:
Np / t m
(g / g)

w.S.D.C .106
*
Np / t m

W.S.D.C

II. C s l thuyt (5)

Phng php chun n
Khi phn tch, ch cn chiu km mu vi mt nguyn t chun
chn.
Hm lng nguyn t c xc nh nh sau:
Np / t m
w.S.D.C
(g / g)
Np / t m

W.S.D.C

1
. .10 6
k

Trong

G th f G e Q 0 () p
M *...
k
. *
. *
*
M. *. *. * G th f G e Q() p

II. C s l thuyt (6)

Phng php chun ha k-zero
Phng php chun ha k0 trong NAA (k0-NAA), phng php ny
tha cc yu cu sau: (i) n gin thc nghim; (ii) chnh xc
cao; (iii) linh hot khi thay i iu kin chiu v o; v (iv) thch
hp vi vic my tnh ha.
Hng s k0 :

II. C s l thuyt (7)

Phng php chun ha k-zero
Hm lng nguyn t c xc nh theo cng thc

V phi ca phng trnh (1.9) gm 4 phn:

- T s u ph thuc vo thi gian chiu, thi gian r v thi
gian o;
- T s th hai l hng s k0 ca cc ng v;
- T s th ba ph thuc vo v tr chiu x trong l phn ng;
- T s th t ph thuc vo thit b o (detector).

II. C s l thuyt (8)

I.2. Mt s tiu ch nh gi t l dinh dng, c hi tham kho
Bng 1. RDA v AI ca mt s nguyn t dinh dng
Nguyn t

Ch s nh gi

Lng tiu th (mg/ngy)

Mg

AI, (IOM)

400

Cl

AI, (IOM)

2300

Ca

AI, (IOM)

1000

Mn

AI, (IOM)

2.3

Cu

RDA, (IOM)

0.9

Na

AI, (IOM)

1500

AI, (IOM)

4700

Fe

RDA, (IOM)

18

Zn

RDA, (IOM)

11

Se

UL (IOM)

0.4

AI: Lng tiu th va

RDA: Mc dinh dng tham kho chp nhn c
IOM: Vin Y khoa Hoa K
UL: Hm lng cao nht c th chp nhn c

II. C s l thuyt (9)

I.2. Mt s tiu ch nh gi t l dinh dng, c hi tham kho
Bng 2. UL ca cc nguyn t c
Nguyn t

As

Hg

Ch s nh

Gii hn tiu

gi

th (mg/ngy)

Tolerable intake
level (WHO)
*

Tolerable intake
level (WHO)

WHO: T chc Y t th gii

0.126

0.120

II. C s l thuyt (10)

I.2. Mt s tiu ch nh gi t l dinh dng, c hi tham kho

Thc phm
1990
2000
2010

Go
452
397
360

Tht
24.4
51
84

c
42.1
45.5
59.7

Tri cy Trng,sa
4.1
2.9
62.4
10.3
61.9
29.5

Ngun: VIN DINH DNG

rau
47
32
32

III. Quy trnh phn tch (1)

Thu thp mu: 7 mu c bin thu thp ti Nha Trang, Lt v
Ninh Thun, 7 mu c nc ngt thu thp ti Lt .
Chun b mu:
- Cc mu c lm sch v c sy kh ln 1 nhit 60 0C
trong thi gian 168 gi.
- ng nht mu bng cch s dng mt my xay sinh t tc cao
lm bng titan c li ct.
Chiu v o mu: Cc mu c chun b cho cc ch chiu
ngn, c khi lng ln lt l: ~50mg, chiu trung bnh v di
~150mg. Ln lt ti cc knh 7-1 v hc chiu mm quay. o mu
bng h o ph gamma.
X l ph gamma (tnh hm lng nguyn t), s dng chng
trnh k0-IAEA

III. Quy trnh phn tch (2)

C bin

C ng

C sng

C nc

C thu

C cm

C chun

Mu c bin c mua t cc ch c ti Ninh Thun, Nha Trang v ch Lt

III. Quy trnh phn tch (3)

C diu hng

C trm

C r phi

C tri

C lc

Mu c nc ngt c mua ti ch Lt

C chp

C m

III. Quy trnh phn tch (4)

Mt s hnh nh v chun b mu

Bo qun mu

Tch ly phn n c ca c

Thm mu bng giy lc

Mt s hnh nh v chun b mu

Sy mu

Nghin v trn mu

Box ng mu

III. Quy trnh phn tch (5)

Cc ch chiu-r-o cho mu c bin v c nc ngt
Thi
gian chiu x

V tr chiu x

(ti) /trng

th//f

Thi gian
phn r

Thi gian

ng v

c o

lng
Knh 7.1
5 pht
(300s)

2- 8 pht

150 s

Ca, 27Mg,

49

66

(4.1x1012 n.cm-2.s-1/
-0.0352/9.8046)

1-2 gi

600 s

56

1-4 ngy

1200 s

24

Cu

Mn, 38Cl

/ 50 mg

76

Mm quay
20 gi/

(7.71012n.cm-2.s-1/

150 mg

0.091/30.602)

Na, 42K,

20-30 ngy

10800 s

46
60
86

As

Sc, 59Fe,

Co, 65Zn, 75Se,

Rb, 134Cs, 203Hg

III. Quy trnh phn tch (6)

Knh chiu mu 7-1

IV. Kt qu (1)
Kt qu phn tch mu chun so vi mu phn tch

Nguyn t

K0-IAEA

Cert

K0-IAEA/cert

U-score

Na

1740

1501

1.1592

2.06

Mg

1006

1070

0.9402

0.16

11825

12300

0.9614

0.08

Fe

85.4

89.3

0.9563

0.92

Co

0.047

0.042

1.1190

0.83

Zn

19.3

19

1.0158

0.23

As

2.04

1.98

1.0303

0.35

Se

4.74

4.63

1.0238

0.23

Rb

2.48

2.41

1.0290

0.26

Hg

4.28

4.19

1.0215

0.25

IV. Kt qu (2)
Kt qu phn tch cc mu c bin ti Ninh Thun (mu ti)
Nguyn t
(mg/kg)

C cm xanh C chun

C thu

C nc

C sng

C ng

Mg

<96

347

211

396

281

283

Cl

1486

663

601

1119

520

701

Ca

547

3280

298

3082

1664

801

Mn

<0.053

0.664

0.139

0.376

0.274

0.257

Cu

11.1

<12.0

15.8

<14.4

<11.6

13.2

Na

6952

618

440

979

485

576

ND.

1972

3696

2883

1916

2272

As

0.30

0.49

1.27

1.97

0.87

1.45

Sc

0.0033

0.0016

0.0015

0.0021

0.0015

0.0018

Fe

21.2

10.7

17.8

20.9

31.8

34.0

Co

0.016

0.014

0.016

0.029

0.023

0.035

Zn

8.26

9.26

5.54

8.70

8.86

8.81

Se

0.24

0.46

0.73

0.44

0.58

1.24

Rb

0.48

1.10

0.63

0.71

0.31

<0.44

Cs

0.011

0.010

0.043

0.031

0.018

0.037

IV. Kt qu (3)
Kt qu phn tch cc mu c bin ti Lt (mu ti)
Nguyn t
(mg/kg)

C cm trng

C cm
xanh

C thu

C nc

C sng

C ng

Mg

512

314

356

351

286

539

Cl

1914

1812

781

657

953

643

Ca

1726

2260

<430

<267

510

<224

Mn

1.01

<0.10

<0.09

0.28

<0.11

0.24

Cu

<11.1

<8.7

<8.9

<8.5

<12.7

<6.7

Na

1856

1531

713

476

660

428

2956

2059

3302

3099

5389

3648

As

2.18

1.87

0.77

3.71

2.40

2.13

Sc

0.0016

0.0008

0.0079

0.0014

0.0023

0.0015

Fe

6.9

19.5

26.5

19.7

42.0

16.7

Co

0.020

0.020

0.018

0.020

0.028

0.014

Zn

11.9

24.5

9.8

21.0

18.2

6.9

Se

0.70

0.90

0.92

1.25

1.08

1.96

Rb

0.86

0.60

1.00

1.13

1.31

0.72

Cs

0.025

0.012

0.056

0.034

0.079

0.039

IV. Kt qu (4)
Kt qu phn tch cc mu c bin ti Nha Trang (mu ti)
Nguyn t

C cm

(mg/kg)

xanh

Mg

C chun

C thu

C nc

C sng

C ng

262

294

352

323

499

294

Cl

2731

1469

589

1328

2060

973

Ca

2937

<311

<208

<448

1840

<224

Mn

1.50

0.90

<0.06

<0.08

0.89

0.21

Cu

<9.6

<8.4

<7.1

<10.2

<14.2

<7.2

Na

2587

1709

549

1109

2000

829

1615

1405

3973

3000

5326

4130

As

1.05

1.13

2.67

2.90

5.18

1.72

Sc

0.0015

0.0024

0.0020

0.0016

<0.0012

0.0018

Fe

27.7

23.5

9.3

19.1

60.0

19.0

Co

0.019

0.022

0.008

0.024

0.046

0.009

Zn

27.81

22.81

9.60

16.22

31.35

10.19

Se

1.03

0.83

1.18

0.83

1.39

2.25

Rb

0.53

0.47

0.87

0.92

2.03

1.06

Cs

0.029

0.023

0.055

0.024

0.075

0.052

IV. Kt qu (5)
Kt qu phn tch cc mu c nc ngt ti Lt (mu ti)
Nguyn t
(mg/kg)

C chp

C diu
hng

C lc

C r
phi

C trm

C tri

C m

Mg

257

166

320

341

323

252

231

Cl

167

296

175

268

121

261

201

Ca

<227

469

<363

<329

<318

<243

<232

Mn

0.74

0.24

0.34

0.25

<0.06

<0.07

<0.06

Cu

<5.8

<5.0

<6.2

<8.6

<6.4

<6.8

<5.4

Na

276

234

123

313

227

399

238

3280

2922

3094

3555

2849

2988

2622

As

0.23

0.46

1.25

0.35

<0.06

<0.07

<0.06

Sc

0.0017

0.0012

0.0015

0.0017

0.0012

0.0011

0.0014

Fe

9.8

6.3

29.2

12.3

8.4

13.9

13.3

Co

0.017

0.014

0.010

0.029

0.013

0.016

0.059

Zn

10.9

6.1

7.2

7.9

6.7

6.9

6.5

Se

0.21

0.14

0.46

0.18

<0.13

0.24

0.11

Rb

5.8

16.1

1.1

12.8

11.0

6.2

2.8

Cs

0.026

0.094

0.039

0.062

0.685

0.034

0.026

IV. Kt qu (7)
T kt qu phn tch hm lng cc nguyn t dinh dng v
nguyn t c. Mt khc theo thng k ca Vin Dinh Dng
nm 2011 th lng c tiu th hng ngy vi ngi trng thnh
l 59,7 g/ngy. Ta xc nh c hm lng cc nguyn t dinh
dng v nguyn t c m ngi Vit Nam tip nhn chng
trong mt ngy:

mt * 59.7
Lng tip nhn =
1000
Trong : mt l hm lng nguyn t (mg/kg)
T lng tip nhn cc nguyn t dinh dng v nh hng cc
nguyn t c ca c th ngi khi tiu th 59,7 g c. V cc mc
khuyn co ca IOM v WHO. Ta nh gi c mc dinh
dng v c hi trong mu c.

VI. So snh hm lng cc nguyn t trong mu c

thu v c ng thu thp ti Vit Nam v mt s
nc trn th gii (1)
i vi c thu
Nguyn t Ninh Thun
Mg
211
Cl
601
Ca
298
Mn
0.139
Na
440
K
3696
Fe
17.8
Zn
5.54
Se
0.73
As
1.27
Hg
0.29

Lt
356
781
<430
<0.09
713
3302
26.5
9.8
0.92
0.77
0.3

Nha Trang
352
589
<208
<0.06
549
3973
9.3
9.6
1.18
2.67
0.33

Korea*
342
3836
103
0.13
2536
2724
6.49
7.18
0.53
1.25
0.0197

Indonesia*
322.4
502.85
694.8
ND
347.6
3657
13.62
5.13
1.04
0.74
0.1

IV. So snh hm lng cc nguyn t trong mu c

thu v c ng thu thp ti Vit Nam v mt s
nc trn th gii (2)
i vi c ng
Nguyn t
Mg
Cl
Ca
Mn
Na
K
Fe
Zn
Se
As
Hg

Ninh Thun
283
701
801
0.257
576
2272
34
8.81
1.24
1.45
0.34

Lt
539
643
<224
0.24
428
3648
16.7
6.9
1.96
2.13
0.45

Nha Trang
294
973
<224
0.21
829
4130
19
10.19
2.25
1.72
0.51

Indonesia*
387.7
1185
731
ND
712.5
1821
24.9
4.9
0.89
0.56
0.05