NERVOUS TISSUE

DEFINITION
FUNCTION
LOCATION
TYPES

DEFINITION
NERVOUS TISSUE
THE MAIN COMPONENT OF THE TWO PARTS OF
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
NAMELY; THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD OF
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(CNS) AND THE BRANCHING PERIPHERAL NERVES
OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OR THE
(PNS) THAT REGULATES AND CONTROLS BODILY
FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES

FOUR TYPES OF NERVOUS

TISSUE
IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS TISSUE
*GRAY MATTER
*WHITE MATTER
IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS TISSUE
*NERVES
*GANGLIA

NERVOUS TISSUE TYPE IN THE

CNS
GRAY MATTER
COMPOSED OF CELL BODIES,
DENDRITES, UNMYELINATED
AXONS, PROTOPLASMIC
ASTROCYTES SATELLITE
OLIGODENDROCYTE, MICROGLIA,
AND VERY FEW MYELINATED
AXONS

WHITE MATTER
COMPOSED OF MYELINATED
AXONS, FIBROUS ASTROCYTES
MYELINATING
OLIGODENDROCYTES AND
MICROGLIA

NERVOUS TISSUE IN THE PNS

GANGLION
COMPOSED OF CELL BODIES,
DENDRITES AND SATELLITE
GLIAL CELLS

NERVES
COMPOSED OF MYELINATED AND
UNMYELINATED AXONS,
SCHWANN CELLS SURROUNDED
BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE

COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS TISSUE

(MAIN TYPES OF CELLS)

NEURONS/NERVE CELLS
RECEIVES AND
TRANSMITS IMPULSES

NEURONS/NERVE CELLS
cells with specialized features that allow them to receive and facilitate nerve
impulses or action potentials across their membrane to the next neuron.
they possess a large cell body called SOMA with cell projections called
dendrites and an axon. dendrites are thin branching projections that
receive electrochemical signaling( neurotransmitters)to create a change in
the voltage of the cell. Axons are long projections that carry action
potential away from the cell body toward the next neuron. the bulb-like end
of the axon called axon terminal is separated from the dendrite of the
following neuron by a small gap called synapse. When the action potential
travels to the axon terminal, neurotransmitters are released across the
synapse and bind to the post-synaptic receptors continuing the nerve
impulse

CLASSIFICATION OF NEURON
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION

INTERNEURONS

STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
MULTIPOLAR NEURONS: have 3
or more processes coming off
the soma(cell body) They are
major neuron type in CNS and
include interneurons and motor
neurons
BIPOLAR NEURONS

cells that forms connection between

neurons and whose processes are
limited to a single local are in the brain
or spinal cord

Sensory neurons that have one

processes coming off the soma,
one dendrite and one axon

SENSORY NEURONS (AFFERENT)

Relay sensory information In the form
of an action potential (nerve impulse)
to the CNS to the PNS
MOTOR NEURONS (EFFERENT)
Relay an action potential out of the CNS
to the proper effector (muscles, glands)

CLASSIFICATION OF NEURON
PSEUDUONIPOLAR
NEURONS
SENSORY NEURONS
THAT HAVE ONE
PROCESS THAT SPLITS
INTO TWO BRANCHES
FORMING THE AXON
AND THE DENDRITE

UNIPOLAR BRUSH CELLS

EXCITATORY GLUTAMATERGIC
INTERNEURONS THAT HAVE
A SINGLE SHORT DENDRITE
TERMINATING INTO A
BRUSH-LIKE TUFT OF
DENDRIOLES THESE ARE
FOUND IN THE GRANULAR
LAYER OF THE CEREBELLUM

COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS TISSUE

(MAIN TYPES OF CELLS)

NEUROGLIA/GLIAL CELLS/ GLIAL(from the greek

word that means glue)

ASSISTS PROPAGATION OF THE NERVE

IMPULSES;PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO
THE
NEURONS

TYPES OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS/

ASTROGLIAL CELL
GLIA
CELLS
(ASTROCYTE)
FOUND IN THE CNS/ BRAIN AND THE
SPINAL CORD
STRUCTURE: STAR SHAPED CELL. HAS
MANY PROCESSES EXTENDING FROM ITS
CELL BODY INTO THE SURROUNDING
NETWORK OF NERVE FIBERS
FUNCTIONS: SUPPLIES NUTRIENTS TO
NEURONS
REMOVES EXCESS
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
MAINTAINS APPROPRIATE BALANCE OF
CA2+ AND K+
HELPS MIGRATION OF NEURONS DURING
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
AIDS FORMATION OF BLOOD-BRAIN
BARRIER
PARTICIPATES IN INFORMATION STORAGE
PROCESSES

EPENDYMAL CELL

MICROGLIAL CELL

FOUND IN CNS/ BRAIN AND

SPINAL CORD TISSUE

FOUND IN CNS

STRUCTURE: FORMS FORM

EXTREMELY THIN MEMBRANE
CALLED EPENDYMAL THAT LINES
THE VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN
AND CHOROID PLEXUSES
FUNCTIONS:PROTECTION
FORMS CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
AIDS CIRCULATION AND
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

STRUCTURE: SMALL
GLIAL CELLS
FUNCTION: PROTECTS
CNS NEURONS FROM
DISEASES E.G. BY
CLEARING AWAY DEBRIS
AND DEAD CELLS SOME
DEFINES MICROGLIA
HAVING A MAINLY
SCAVENGING FUNCTION

TYPES OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS/

GLIA CELLS
OLIGODENDROCYTE
FOUND IN CNS

STRUCTURE: DIFFERS FROM

ASTROCYTES BY HAVING FEWER AND
THINNER PROCESSES AND NO GAP
JUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS: FORMS SUPPORTING
NETWORK AROUND CNS NEURONS
EQUIVALENT OF SCHWANN CELLS AS
THEY PRODUCE MYELIN SHEATH
AROUND SEVERAL ADJACENT AXONS
OF CNS NEURONS

SCHWANN CELLS
FORMS PART OF THE
MYELIN SHEATH
ALSO HELPS WITH
THE REGENERATION
OF PNS AXONS

FUNCTION OF NERVOUS TISSUE

TO FORM COMMUNICATION NETWORK OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BY
CONDUCTING ELECTRIC SIGNALS ACROSS TISSUE IN THE CNS THE GRAY
MATTER WHICH CONTAINS SYNAPSES IS IMPORTANT FOR INFORMATION
PROCESSING, WHITE MATTER CONTAINING MYELINATED AXONS
CONNECTS AND FACILITATES NERVE IMPULSES IN BETWEEN GRAY
MATTER AREAS IN THE CNS AND IN THE PNS, THAT GANGLION TISSUE
CONTAINING THE CELL BODIES AND DENDRITES CONTAIN RELAY POINTS
OF THE NERVE TISSUE IMPULSES. THE NERVE TISSUE CONTAINING
MYELINATED AXON BUNDLES CARRIES ACTION POTENTIAL/ NERVE
IMPULSES