Series on Bulk Materials Handling Vol.1 (1975) No.2 The Bucket Wheel Excavator Development - Design Application by Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h. Ludwig Rasper First Edition 1975 Trans Tech Publications‘See on Bat Nate Mang ‘al 10995. Inthe USA tnd Cana by ‘TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS "11 Lang Beach Py. ‘ay Vip, Oo #00 tia snd wold by ‘hss Germy Tranter he evs Oem eto Pbnmhing Eon see Geoman eition pais by ‘ron Toh Penton 193 ‘ntratinal Sasa Back Number ISBN Ouse. Lay of Congest Cuno Card Number ee N98 “This ook or tee may aa be eprodied in ay fom without he ‘wen perma othe pase Allright ened‘PUBLISHER'S FOREWORD “The present volume i the fit deaied acount on the development design ‘and application of ucket wheel excavators (BWE) ofa zs, twas special honor fr ust Dr. Rasper, probably one of the best own exper inthis field in Germany, agreed to write the manuscript. Only someone who had Spent many yeu designing and applying wheel excavators abd who had intimate knowlege in thi eld could posbly qualify for his dfclt tsk. ‘Wie believe that hs book wil belp many engineers worldwide to evaluate this {ype equipment It wll ost certainly have an impact on the international Iniing scene stat ming engineers wil arto evaluate this excavating {ool at many new projec We foresce an increase interest inthis mos ef ‘Sent mining mchne ia the light ofan ever ineresing demand for eas mo- {evs buried under larger mates of overburden, ad or bigger earhmoving Schemes for cl engineering projet Uke cant! or dam bling snd tnd rechimaton ‘Stating ot wi text ia German language and trying come up with more ‘orlese perfect book in the Enlh ingeage presents a number of unforeseen problems Overthe deration af on yar there were several "geneitons” of Itanstions allo which were continously improved upon. A major difiuly tra that the Exgla shoud at only be grammatical correct, but also the ‘pest terms inmechanicalclectrical and mining engineering had tobe ght “Thisiwe could only guarantec by ening thebelpof good Hendin the US.A, who bot had considerable expereac wih this type equipment ‘Ms. Jim Kat, LE, Industria Appctins Eaginer withthe General Etre ‘Compaoy in Ckveland, Ohio ead the tansation and concentrated especial fon the coretese ofthe trms referring to eects eaglncrig. We sn ‘erely appreciate his elp and his many Suggestions. ‘Our most since thanks are dae to Mr- George E Aiken, Manager, Mining Engineering of river Eaginers, Oakland, Calforna for thoroughly reading the manuscript and advising on all mechanical and ining expressions. Mr ‘Alken suggestad many changes and casifictios within the text and has eal contritated to this book But not enough, Mr. Aiken has alo writen the Introduction tothe book nd has etal stated the opinion of may Intucatil mining engineers ia the US.A. on the fare of the BWE in North Americ ‘We ar also extemely thank! othe equipment manufacturing, consling snd pablshing companies which have placed dispy advertisement athe ee ‘ott Book, They have heed sto finance the remendouly inereased cox ‘or paper, typeseting, printing and promotion. Those companies ar also the ‘most ely to bs asocated wit the new mining and bulk materials handing, ‘stems lloverthe world and we reste thatthe planing engsec wil Wel ‘ome this almost complete coletion of important companies. The Author ‘nd the Publishes epard the Adhertsing Section asa valuable supplement to the tex. We are ako expecily appreciative ofthe coatiouous support we received from Dring, ©. Erwin Gattaer, Member ofthe Board of Diesors of‘Renische Brankohlenwerke AG, Cologne, who wrote the Intodution to the German Eaton aad rom Dr- Ing H Heuser, Member ofthe Board of Director of Orenstein e Koppel AG, Doctmund “This book conoestrates on the term excavator of bucket whest machines and ‘hough many components and design features are more or les dential othe bucket whee eclamers, ome readers may be dsippsnted in not geting thor information on the wheel eclimer Since these machines ar elng used to an ever incresing degre in al large tckpe banlng acties in mines, ports power generating statins ante plans tsexmed appropriate treat {his ubjest na separate volume Sofa, we mere unable to find an author who would be wing to write & ‘mancit onal aspect ofthis subject. Therefore, mo have decide to com ple esymposiam of papers on bucket whee sackerreclaimers, which should Contin many diferent popes on thei espn, apptcation and actual per ‘on, Tew papers shoal be authored by design an appbeation engineers of Inanufactaring compres, by consling engineering fms and by enpnees ‘operating such equlpmen in various bulk handling systems. But in ender ‘tieve this we need your belp and cooperation, ase talk this project over ‘ith your fends and suoines an sendin Your comments. suggestions and Conulbutons to Dr. RH. Woblbie, Trans Tech Pbiations,D-3392 Claus- thal-Zelleield, Germany, who had seven year of spetience with his type ‘auipment and woud be in charge of editing aod compiling the manuscript Defining «problem orate of lterest, and ring 8 paper about i 2 manageable projet If hit exer i epentoa by 20-40 comthators, we sil beable fila gap. This should bee wrtheik project and we do hope for your operation Ctaustha- Zeer, Hinasar Wom Jesuary 1975 Ronoian> H. WowsINTRODUCTION “Prior tothe pubiation of Dr. Raspe's book, the absence of bucket whee xcvator GWE information and traditional American falas with other ‘rctation methods have not encouraged the use of wheels as mining 00 ‘Yerwecan ind itat work under many vred conditions throughout the word ‘AS sated in 1966, mut be given consdratin if the low grade orebodies ‘Sovered by hick overburden ae to be sccessfilly worked, A as one io ‘Sebody wih which Lam failing, having an average arade of 2 perce is ‘Sing consdered viable propostion. Mach of thi and ater low grade ‘teil could be bundled Cheaply withthe whee While exotng the merits of the BWE, Dr, Raspe' bok makes it very lest that it ct a unversal answer to every exenvaton project. Too many of he sumed vnfavorable apace atrbutble to the BYE can be ced 0 mis sppiation. Evenywhere today the minerat industry beset by powerful public foros seeking to reshape and nflaence the course of resources development. Fue ‘mineral pects must tony be viable costs but compatblewith environ ‘ment standards Intons are that these dual goals canbe achive through (moderation and understanding BWE technology, where aprropiat, i fechniqu for mesting base envronmental requirements and excavating ‘Sts acegtble othe mineral ndasty signet portion of new mining projets are concerned with he removal ‘tndormicing of very large tonnage. Some ofthese great meri volumes trl ave te be retred to mined out areas. These mas mater movements {ein the domain of te BWE and is accepted transport methods. With he Fight condsions the BWE sail perform exceptionally wel. AS Dr. Reser points out be BWE works best where digging conditions re constnt he ateral stale, anda minim of moving is requied. Hopever, stile BWE performance hs proved in European the machines ‘oi hacer material han before, America shoves ad drags also elt improved wchnoloy. Longer casting dintance and more pres controls may rake dragines a formidebe contender for work also sutabl: fr & wheel ‘The implations of BWE performance with espet to coal ming are very encourage, but ite suitability in each cas must be individually asestod. For ample he penertion of Boe in coal mining is normally undesirable, yt the ming action of BWE tends to eeate more fins. Coal produces are inying this problem and may decide the BWE canbe beter usd for over burden removal and land ssamation echaigues Related to the forts to rapidly develop slterste coerzy resources, the ‘Westen US. coals are prime target We have read of te improved perfom= ance of BHEs in Europe to dig hander mater. Experenc, as noted by De. Rasperin his book, with ight blasting abe of wheel work a introduced 1 bettie “not recommended” procedure as very sce adjnet to WE signing The development ofthe Wester Coals probably the least fovly meio andthe soret route o providing assured shrrange suppis ft eocrgy. Beyond thin U.S. reserves of coal are projected at 0-70 yar. ‘Over 90 perce of known U.S. energy eserves ae in cal andi ale. Notal ofthese coals wl be reoveral with BWE stems, but cere is aendy & Considerable amouat of interes in BWE applications to Wester Coals. (Continued interest in BWES for mining ol ands resent with the ose ‘pplication by GCOS of thie BWES. Log expedeace with the more con ‘entional power shovel and draline fr ll kins excavations has favored ‘hem nrotent new ost projects Dat on these maciaes are wel document ‘and avaiable the iterate I ony mater hat conservative mining Spproach woud favor equipment having the most teasive amount of wal ble technical and experince dat. Although unfortunate, but certainly Juste by the operator» minum of relable an fundamental data on ol Sand mining with BWEs has been fled. Probly moch good BWES ‘experince data exists, but Beste ofthe ime and cost or ts agus itis ed tobe proprietary: ‘Mineral developments in the Thid World counts are being agarestvely ‘Pushed. More higly developed nations wll contin to be asked co make ‘wana investments of ther Knowledge and resources. At the same tine, ‘verging nations must be wiligto participate wih eters havingsomething to olf, ona fuirsbare basis Some of thee new ations wl be sckng 0 ‘velop resources which are amenable to BWE applications. In other eases ‘where materi is unitele for whol the ivesters need wo beavis and [vided tothe slection of he correct machines, Feerck W, Taylor, Bethlehem Stel Company, 13, was one ofthe fist fo ‘spl engoering method to prevent waste and promote efceny in indy. “The Taylor Syrem,athoush better adapted to facory work, was introduced int sme early mining operations Paraphrasing Tio, with regard to BWE ‘pertions “preity the sme mecinisn wl sane case produce disastrovs rere and in another the mst Deefiien™, Its hoped that De. Rasp’ wide Knowledge of whel, which thi book compat, will come the Worl wide stand for the design and selection of BE for years to come Englnering and selstion of BWTEs bed on the extensive data eval in Dr Rarper® book shoeld ensure “most bent” results tis hoped tha ‘he ontats ofthis Dok canbe brought upto dat as Whee! technology and experince are advanced. Furthermore, Dr. Raspes book will provide a Comprehensive source of BWE theoretical and pacial experience, wich will, [poalong way to dispeling the myc formery assign tthe wheel excavator. (Oakland, Calitornia amor. Ace September 1974 Manager, Mining Eaglacring: Kater Engineers.INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION The echnical development of he bucket whee excavator (BWE) bas been on lssway during period of about 170 years I ound it preliiearycaiminating int in 1955 wth the completion ofthe fis argemachinein the ope pit nine Fortuna-Gardoc. Today, this machine still performs a peak production “Meanie the bucket whee! excavator Became one of the most importa production devices opencas mining thoughout the world unis npact on {rowa coal mining had special sipniicance. In spit of he fot that the principle of he continuous dgsns and baling whel was known already snc the be- toning of he ninctenth century in many ive and patents, the application {nthe period before 1930 aver exceeded textwork inthe domains of sei oF unl ass as ot before the thirties, when Hgnte mining companiss in Cen ‘Germany decided ows the BWE asa main device for efiiet bulk handing ‘thatthe fst development ofthis machine for todays purposes Bega. “The decisions over introducing BWES in Central German brow coal aes see met in spt of cfc gelogcl conditions - moraines with embsiet big tones when ope ofthe st protolypes was put to work i the Gop Mine of the Sachrenborg Field. Beste of thee geological ifote the ‘bucket wheal waa quipped witha atone garper which wa able to dpm af Lwoublsome erate boulders during te digging proces This developmest, to enthuriasaly started, was slowed down consierebly by the Second ‘World War, -Avthe beginning ofthe ities an impetuous development of he BWE Bega It Started inthe Rhesh brown coal distri, where the development of opeces rining techniques and the development ofthe BWE depended a great deal {poe each ther and where they oily le to grat succes “Tre machines rein sien fw years rom a otpat capacity of 30, 000cubic smctes ove 6,000 cubic meters to 100,00 cubic meters of natural unconsoli ied sediment perdu. At the sme Ute the development led fo omaration features which arsed aan optimum a fa a ais and operational practice se concerned. These desig eter Faris the elements forthe BWEs with futpts of 200000 cab meters per day and seve weighs in the onder of 13,00 mesic ons, presenti under consrton ‘The development stage of these machine allows the consi that with ‘capacities of 20.000 to 250,000 cubic meters dal production a extn Bal ont hasbeen reached. A further growth of production capac ell for ew concept ofthe sytem component ad ofthe mining methods, without losing the properties ofthe bucket wel exzarator. Such a development wl also he tated onthe elements of development, constriction and operation of [BWES detaed by De Rasperin this book ‘De Rarer hasbeen devoting his time toa considerable ext og arth ‘moving and mineral mining problems. Feom the very bepinning be mat co- perting wth extraordinary sucess in 4 proineatpouton ia the soliton fof the multade of sats, constuctinal nd operational problems ofthis evelopment, Thereby may specif solutions of far reaching portance for[BWEs can be trace back to the immliate activity of Dr. Rasper. AS an ‘rame the iting joints may be stenoned which became of imperative imporance forthe satis af large backet whe! excavators. {eis therefore very much welcomed that Dr Raspes i ths book summarizes ba great Knowledge tnd expense inthe Bel of development, consrution tn application of bucket whes! excavators Tis boo wl ea valuable Rep {othe engines of equipment omsraction a: well us tothe engineers of cument operation when dealing with tee manifold problems. Colne, Exwn Giza September 1973 ‘Member ofthe Board Rhine Bravnkoblenwerke AG‘PREFACE, “This volume represents the Engh Eaton of the book “Der Sehauelrad ‘ager as Gevianangagert” which war poblshed in December 1973 by “Trans Tech Pubiotons. “nthe proses oftranlation,the German Eton hasbeea completely revised, ‘he presentation inproved, and th text adaped oa workwde readership. “The burden ofthe cmt translation has kindly been borne by O&K Orenstein {Koppel AG, Dotmund, The asthor would ike to expres hisseca thanks to Mise Margarete Rohrdnt from the Translation Departnet arto ME. Tan “Thomson B Se (Hens) fom the Design Departnent of O&K Libeck Works forthe dtc tat of tanlton, ‘The bucket wheel excavator (BWE) isa favorable synthesis of strata imethanca cletrial and electronic technology. Is present aanced stage ‘of developments tse on the eoperatio of the best engines in ech of these ele ofeniecrng. Its present form, however, ot permanent sine Inteciology theres nothing more permaneet than change dues cominuoos In counties with competive economies the development of the BWE has ‘kena diferent cue than in those countries which are sste-contzlled. Inthe former thiscan be een inthe various dens and design concepts wich ste aconsequenc the presueofindestria ompestion Thi however, has tho led to's notcabe ack of harmony and standardization between the products of various manufacturers. In sae-contoled economies only stand $aed machines are beng uit slog as internal demand hast Be sts fed and rests of government financed research and developaent work a this particule eld avaible and ie being wed to advantage, ‘This volume describes the development of the BWE: and the various design form presety walbe. Ls ao concentrtes on the experierce obtained when digging hare and ificlt sols Results of investigations ae given Concerning the determination ofthe digging resistances for varcos materials lind the problem of curve negotiation of te raver group. The variation of ‘round bearing prssare under giant craviers and the dmeasinin of ball ‘ace slewing vgs under slewable superstructure are dscased ip deta, ‘Sample clelations drawn from atl experience and details o!dieasion- ingand material ection for different mechanical components provide basis for deeper undersunding ofthe problems oearng inthe design ofa whee, xetator. Of spec interes tothe mining snd earth-noviagexiner should "bo be the any case store of mines and civil engineering projets in which ‘hel excavators are Being osed Bucket whoo elmer and stcker/reciaimers ha a tremendous impact on ‘he methods and efiency of handing blk sais ding the st 10 vo 20 year The desig nd onstruction of many of heir compancasare ential for af least very sina to those ted in wheel excavator. Tha, he Balk ‘materials handling engineer wil weleome this weatse la evaluating bucket ‘whee! equipment ‘or bendiog and reaming stockpiles of ea, ton ore, bute phosphate etc, al long as no other deta account om wheel recliners agniblVarious speci BWE design, however, mest remain unmentioned inthis book, for example the bucket chain redger of Kunz & Co, Music, working, in tia Here, in ation tthe normally submerged bucked chain, a bucket ‘nea is used to remove material lasted above water evel. Al, BWEs fx tunreling or appbeaton in underground mining could not be mentioned In his volume the "Tecnical Metric System” (wth the bas alto a) foe force) wed A number of English speaking countries have converted oth Met System or are in the proces f doing ots therefore sumed tha the Metre Sytem will not present any dices to the majority ofthe cadets. Service weights of machines, however are give a muses according to the "International System” (SI and expressed in either Kg or neti ons, Furtheron, quite «few damensios are la being sated inthe Brith Sytem Jnparenteses,andconvesion tables tte ead othe book should prove abe Delta | would keto thank the many people who have asd mein the preparation ofthis book. The encouragement o compile this volume came from Profesor ‘emerta Dr.-Ing. hai. Herbert Woe, former Dtetor of the Depart. ment of Mining Engineering athe Teshnal University Casta Germany His son, Dr Reinhard H. Wobbier, has provided most valuable and festive ssitance inthe realisation of thi project and has sophie information and Photographs of machines operating in the US.A. My thanks are also due to Profesor Dip-lag. Jo. Babrof the Mining Acs w on jee ons #us 3 oor + ca ose oriwoot sus | ¢ g og z az oc/ee 002s SUS a ose € oe be/ovoln Sus 5 ose € a oclean sus § ose 9 a osiusoes sus |? 3 0g gt ob Ogt/ $i oly SHS Z fi o ex/ovy #95 ose z a 0691 oe/m on sus a so “a ort ~ 089 osolwoce sus a 50 6 oor ~ 078 oso leon sus oF £0 9 Ore - O08 oro/9s9 sus [my] (ay fas} LYfey adh, ang jeu | 39 aoeg | 479 4bu | andsno jasyesoous ame Lee 2ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHEEL EXCAVATOR, 8“THE BUCKET WHFFI. FXCAVATOKORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHEEL EXCAVATOR 1s ‘A character design fear, wie inthe Geran Demacratic Republi, the suspension ofthe bucket ‘wheel boom by tes on a traveling rab mounted Within the superstar. By this means ts said to ‘be poole to ashlve a substantial redacsion in the scvice weight (up 0 45%0) a6 aginst the wel-erows, Suspension system with ables and ply on gay Fred onto the supersrctre Fig 115 shows the typeof constraction used fr the excavators fea bund $oachiee large diging Frights The dara shows that tis are attache! toa ter running long tack beans onthe lower chord ofthe ballast tus, which moves in unison with the ouster traveling 2. {A deze design fastens the test th end of the ‘halt trase an the traveling counterweight is moved in uison with the cromd-ype bucket wheel boom, “The bench lope is thus determined by the machine iensions “The opinion eld that n this even bucket whee ‘oom crow mechani increases the service wiht By fonly about 10%, compared with that of = rowdless machine Research and development at the Berpakademie (Academy of Mining) at FreiberSasony, at the ‘Tesh Univers in Dresden and Magicbors, and atthe nwt fr P&rdetechk (Insitute fr ‘Conveying Teehaology in Leipig help to establish ‘he theoretical bases forthe development an improve sent of the BWE. Applications of small BWEs in ly ining have bee. ‘sported, but sone in earthmoving wrk for ci fainering prokeis. The German Democratic Re ‘pblcexports BWEr manly to COMECON countries. .4. The Construction of Wheel Exca- vators in COMECON Countries 1.4.1. In Czechoslovakia ‘The BWE is usd for mining lignite inthe north-west, Bohemia inte districts of Most and Sookov. In 1938 only small potion of the lige dug at Most was obitaed by open pit methods. The fst con- Yinvour-sorking slant chins were tr introduced ‘hy Sadeteliadiche Bergbau AG in Brix, Kubee (1967 expect that in 1980 underground mining will, ‘only amoust to 510.7% ofthe total ouput raza (1967) reported 00 «construction program for open pt mining complete. They east of BWES, face conveyor tet yates, or tains and slacker, the later moving exorively on walking mechanisms ter “Theorsiloutput Qu~1.500 mj 1,960 ex yo) Spectocuting presse f= 90 ke Nicx Bocket whee! excavator Type KU 20; ‘igh ouput unit wth Qy.~2,500 m/f (8268 cay and BWE Type K 800 {500 mh (5,82 cu ya) Specie cating preaure f.=120 kg (him WE Type KU 800 (already employed in mining operations); ‘hefaceconveyor yes hve bel ids of 600mm: stacker Type ZP 5000 103 2 y=10,00 mh (13,07 yh] _BWE Type KU 2000, (at present til athe design stage) “The North Bohemian Lignite openast mines with ificalt, heavy, overburden and some with bard Tgnte seams demand machines with powerflbacket wheel des undiow spec pound bearing pressure ‘Afertheend ofthe war BWES were nial imported fom the German Democratic Republic, but thes ‘were not ently stiactory under the sere mining ‘ondtons in the CSSR, Sebsnquent, the Vitovice Tron Works ia Ostrava and the Univ Mechanical Engineering Works developed «remarkable indepen- ent industry for producing open gt machinery ie ‘olaboration with mining engineers, ‘A major technical achievement i the BWE KU 800, the largest excavator bl inthe CSSR, Tis machine has a specie bucket wheel die peer of =0.24 ‘Whim? a cing height of 32m xowd distance of 16m, a dicharge bridge with minimum length ‘of 7) m ad moves upon walking mechanism (ee Fig. 116 and Fig. 33), Deazan (196) execs frther popes through automation and programming of ‘orking procedures.IME BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATORORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHEEL EXCAVATOR ” 1.42. In the USSR Report on the design an operation of BWES can be oundintheoxtenvelieatueendin pperspreseted by lading Russin Scentists and engineers at con- ‘reser on mechanization of earth oes operations. According 0 Kha (196, 10.000 erevatr ants per {rar ve been bul i the USSR in shovel spaces anging fom 2 to 15 m some moving on ere, ‘thereon walking mechanisms DDombrowki (1967) reported onan excavator wih & shovel capacity of 100. The cutting of frozen soi {temperatures Gowa to =30°C) mut be given pia ‘onsdeation. The extent of erthmoving options in the USSR, in 1986, amounted to approximately 500 milion mand is suposed to inreate to 10,500 millon m? by 1975. For thi rasa, the large-scale employment of eoatauousworking excavators espe ‘Sly BWEs, planned. Whereas in 1985 the share of continuous working machines was not more tha 1 of the fot) thi percentage — according to Kah (G960) is expected ore 10167, by 1978 ‘The importance ofthe rapid development of BWE technology to Soviet engncers i underscored bythe large orders pce with West German manicures in 1963 and 196 for complete openeas mining plans ‘Tress consist of BWEs, face conveyer syste, be vungone and stacker; to be ued forthe removal of the top ovebusden in mies ofthe Kumk Magetc ‘Anomaly (Sbeespogest) and near Ordshomkse (Nikopo oe ld) (K- Girne, 1966; Mant 1967) ‘A dtaled description is ven in chapters 14d and 145. For the Inter opencast mie a sina mining plant ab ordered from manufacturers inthe GDR {or the removal ofthe lower part of the overburden aye. Large excavators are designed and manufactured in the engineering works at Novo Kramatorsk inthe Don basin Soviet Rossian sisi ad engine are staying 'BWE-sacker technology end problems concerning thecotting of hear and frozen soi andthe yaamic stresses o steland other metal parts Standardization is an important clement in Resian developmest planing Research makes use ofthe most moders methods of ‘work studies, model tals and problem aaalyss in Iaboratores. Swain gnuges and load transducers wih oscilograpic recording of wp 12 simultaneous ‘measurement sere forthe onsite data eallcon Complicated mathematical programs for computers fare being wed to formlatephysealpenspen and provide sluieas. According to Dombrowsts (1967, 10 mechanical engineering instates are coordinating ‘heir rereare in earhsmoving machinery. ‘The USSR is silat the stage of signing prototypes forthe feture consreton of a line of are BWEs. ‘This program obviously waiting forthe results of research and ooerationl experience Grushka (1968) describes @ umber of clemy andardized BWEs which, as is shown by other Seures, are aleady in operation Tees are: 1 RVE: Gy 600m! Digeiog eight 180m Bit by theCato ark ly mines for their own use (how by Kaha 1960, with photo the machine stwor 2. ERG £917: 4 1.000.090 Spec eating pressure, ~$0 ks em Digging heh 17m Ground bering pressure 2 ka( em” [84 psi) Serve weit 00 me (Ming ours 1957,showsaphotoofthemachine In operat). ERG 35060: Oy 2.00 "fa Digeing bei 20m 4 ERG 1600-88-31 4.500 (Ghown by Dombrowski, 1967, wih photo ofthe ‘machine at aor). ERG 2600: 7,00 "fh [ERG 2600-7: Qy 1,000 Digging heh Som 1. According to Dombrowski (1967 the constuction ‘ofa BWE wth Qy.=1,000 mh was sated. Jn Table 2, Dombrowski shows 1 series of small WE, btwithotentoning where they wb se. “able shows he ecial data fra sere of BWEs fore by contactors Tabled shows sere of open at mining machines including the above-mentioned BWEs‘THE BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR wovqwog) 10 Put day sais Hang sd pus pon eLe oF “6% “ee we on 0 BYL| SEL AZ f#u] a2loy Buying ay | zor | coe | ceo | see | one | 90e--ose|voe-oee| femal) poods Bumiro [oom ve | ore | ox | we | ee | ar |oer--e2|oos—cx| forspey pode Busry joo su | ta | oa | ou | vw | co | sx | v9 17 sripoy Burysoy, om Ou oe Oo ou on Ou 06 | (ug wong aduoyasig $o4jOu87 = =| = | ol = [a | mw | os | cany sree sojoupsag L6L 90 geL Lee 96 08 08 oF [M4] Ramey P2y]DJSU/ JO}, ce 008 OF s ae On ee or [my] eaug jum oc | ox | coc | aw | se | cee | on | su | lyjuy rrcino moyasooy wo | 0 | o | ce | em | on |ves~o9| one upla s0d BLES ogee |eeyes| ere eons eons tases sues aay [ay apuIEIg POU Ze es Z 6 9 Z 9 zi sje107g Jo sequin on | a | ox | ow | o eee 1a] Mowing jewne ever | esc: | vom | over | coo | ever | zoe | soos wang zeuaig aunj204 NOH ¥, Hows eek, 3meORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHEEL EXCAVATOR » = g a ee £/ 8] R18 Selec) ti] |e g . = ewe rye | 8 | P| |S i Alaa oe ee 8 2 s 3 ’ eee g : $ s|¢ sre ey el el als eo-assje | 2 | 2 | 2 | 20 | o | 25 | oa cms) ee-sosia | 90 | 6 | 3 | 40 | wo | 350 | 205 & EP-1007/3,5 | 100 7 BS | 625 160 780 | 110 BD ee-10.6/6 | 00 | @ | & | te | 250 | 100] 130 i) po ‘6 5 The 1.60 er-200 1/8 | 200 | 10 co | 400 | tm00 | £28, et eesate eg oan ae eae Fg. 1-17 Oe ERG 1600 —t. "Wasi ret 1.9. wha i {uy Nove Krams USSR, OOM sce wot 3.00 Oy 600 ms (019 cyl.20 ‘THE BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR ERG BWE Type oe Theoretical Outeut (ark mfr] Bucket Capacity [4] 250 Murrbor of Buckets a Wheel Diametertuting cick) im) | 47 | 615 | 64s | 15 wreel rom an | a7 | 4x | 3-5 Caleloted sec Deginghone | cil) | chin) | Can |e 649) High Gat Len? zs | 7 | 7 | Deep Gut lm? as | 20 a | @ Weel Boon Crowd Distance [7m] - - a 37 Wheel Boom Length Lr} n27_ | 20% | 210 Discharge Boom Length mn] ws | 20 | 222 Travel Sosed tm|hd 1372/8 | 336/67 | 370 Travel Mechanism Number of Cowlers 2 2 2 wheel orive hw 10 | 320 | 280 voliage Lav] 6 6 6 Wear Boece Tay || 0 Power heguirement _Cewim) _|(asow) | (a4ga) | (ova) Service Weight [mt] 186.6 480 565 Specie round —TigitTom™y | 15 a 7 Bearing Pressure (psi) (%.93)_| (14.22) | (M22) Tipe ERG 1600 hs tm oor cond length ther BWEs cow os es m-opn pi anon st USS (Bogrotow, TOES). Al meres daw! ROunDa spl Waape ORM.ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHEEL EXCAVATOR a ‘ogomoliov (1965) meticned that the ist BWE, Type ERG 350/100, designs and but inthe USSR, was nade wt Wore 1S. LKSMU. Ine largest Russian BBWE for opecast mining operations 1s probaly ERG 1600-48-31, tn 1971 thie typeof machin wae reported tobe wed at three sew ses (ee Fy 1-17, among which was the devopment of « aor mangsnese ore opencast, imine neat Nikopol. The ecaieal data ate given in “ble & Ina promectes ased by Maschino Export Moscow, the dupa ven at 3,00, themumber ‘of buckets as 10, andthe Bucket capacity a 1.6 1.5. The Development of the Wheel Excavator in the US.A. Tn the US.A. the develpment ofthe BWE was not recognized by the ming experts al after the con firvcton of the "Kolbe wheel” for snip mining ‘operations (Huey, 1980. ‘Duet the increasing owsbarden depths and vious competion, tbe buns open pit mines in ins (Coabe", “Backhear, and "Fidelity ich were thom thei opening ia 192 mined by ether the shove pullbsk or tandem method), were from 14S onwards Teorgaized on a mare ellsent bass. Ths deision ‘was made by Frank Kolbe, Peseat of tbe Umted Elsie Col Companies n Chicago (Kolb, 1953). “The upper, softer lier of overburden ad until hen teen removed by err mouate dragline with are dumping reaches. Te formations immediately above ‘he coal sam, conating of late and rock were removed by late ripping shovel, afte’ basing, ‘and the mitral war on overeat to the dump. The big peor of rock were ether dumped ot natal} scoured atthe as ofthe poi ple, ths, Forming {good foundation for the upper, efter Kas of so ‘The exposed rip of nal witha with af 3 10 307m, vas slice for digging and leading the 15 t0 25 {hick ard col seme with thovels.Tspor of coal as by spec sel iver tractor rile tucks [1944 ater udirbly persistent developnent work, ‘the first sep mining bcket wheal weat on eperation] ‘uals i the Cuba opeacast mine. IU achived an ‘ffs outpat of 36 bank mh (N15). For the three machines which faloned (he second was put into service i the Bucket ming) as Potable to crease the efetive output la ages up {0 2,670 bank mh (ee Fg. 1-18), Fe. 1-18: Spring BWE nonin pun pt ne (by Beye)