Newcastle upon Tyne

Fiorotto Marcia and Zerda Fabiana

Newcastle upon Tyne (also known as Newcastle) is one of the largest cities in the
North East of England, United Kingdom. It lies on the north bank of the River Tyne 8 miles
from the North Sea. Newcastle upon Tyne has a population of 192,382 people.

History
Newcastle upon Tyne has a long and proud history, documented since Roman times.
The Romans built a bridge guarded by a fort called Pons Aelius which formed a vital part
of the frontier defences system which is known as Hadrians Wall. After the Norman
Conquest in 1080, Robert, son of William I, had built a wooden fort (the New Castle) in
order to control the river crossing, its possibilities as a port and the proximity to Scotland.
Newcastle developed as a merchant and trading community. The most important
commodity was wool but markets in others types of goods also develop, such as cloth, fish
and hides. Newcastle also exported coal and much of it was exported to London where it
was used in many industries.
From the late seventeenth century onwards, others trade industries joined coal as
producers of wealth, for example iron, salt and glass. In the following centuries Newcastle
grew gradually and it had become an important industrial and financial centre, with the
expanding of ironworking and glassmaking industries. The River Tyne became a major
focus for shipbuilding. In the nineteenth century new industries developed like locomotive
building and shipbuilding.
The industrial growth expanded the city, new suburbs developed, the urban transport
encouraged movement away from the city centre and the population increased.

Climate and Weather

Newcastle's climate is temperate and it can be highly changeable. Due to the Gulf
Stream, temperatures are usually warmer than in the rest of the UK and as Newcastle is in
the rain shadow of the North Pennines; it is also one of the UK's driest cities. Summers are
usually sunny and warm, with an average high in July of 20C, while winters are cold, with
occasional snow and average temperatures between 0C and 7C.

Main Attractions
There are many sites to see in the city of Newcastle such as the Tyne Bridge, which
symbolizes the city's identity, the Discovery Museum, which are machines ranging from

traditional windmills and early steam engines to ultra-modern jet turbines and St James
Park the famous football ground. It is an Industrial city which means that it is full of
buildings and streets, besides there are three large shopping centres as well as several
interesting museums and entertainment facilities, including the prominent Theatre Royal.

Sports and Entertainment

The city of Newcastle has held a strong sporting tradition for many years through history.
Moreover, it is the home of the Premiership football club Newcastle United which has
been established since 1892 and also was the place for popular players including Michael
Owen and Alan Shearer, recently retired, who was one of the best strikers to ever play for
Newcastle United. It is also the home of the Guinness Premiership rugby union team
Newcastle Falcons the league side of the legendary England team player Jonny
Wilkinson. Likewise, the city has a sports ground called the Metro Radio Arena which was
created for the Newcastle Eagles basketball team and the Newcastle Vipers ice hockey
team.
On the contrast, A Rock, Indie and Dance music festival takes place on the Newcastle and
Gateshead Quayside every Spring Bank Holiday. Furthermore, there is a huge celebration,
known as the UKs biggest free environmental awareness festival which takes place every
June in Leazes Park playing music on five different stages from many different cultures.

Cultural background
Newcastle is a significant education centre. The University of Newcastle upon Tyne was
founded in 1937 as Kings College by the unification of Armstrong College and the College
of Medicine, both of which were attached to the University of Durham. The links with the
school in Durham remained until 1963, when Kings College was granted a separate
charter and became the present university.

Bibliography:
*A brief description about Newcastle upon Tynes geography. See more

http://www.worldatlas.com/eu/gb/eng/where-is-newcastle-upon-tyne.html
*A summary of the location of the city. See more http://www.mapsofworld.com/where-

is/newcastle-upon-tyne.html
*Historical facts about the city. See more http://www.historic-

uk.com/HistoryMagazine/DestinationsUK/NewcastleuponTyne/
*A clear extract from one of the most famous architectural building ever built. See more

http://www.hadrians-wall.info/fort_pages.php?id=2
*A concise abstract of its main river. See more http://www.visitnewcastle.com/newcastle-

river-tyne.php

*Weather averages, historical weather and climatology. See more http://www.holiday-

weather.com/newcastle_upon_tyne/averages/
https://weatherspark.com/averages/28739/Newcastle-upon-Tyne-England-UnitedKingdom
*A precise description about the most interest destination to visit Newcastle upon Tyne. See more

http://www.britannica.com/place/Newcastle-upon-Tyne-England
*Summary about Newcastle upon Tyne. See more http://www.visitnewcastle.com/
*A great sum up of the city, including its main attractions such as extravagant buildings and
famous museums. See more http://www.englandsnortheast.co.uk/NewcastleuponTyne.html
*An outline of tourism attractions. See more http://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-

/newcastle-upon-tyne-eng-tw-nut.htm
*An overview about bridges in Newcastle upon Tyne. See more

http://www.bridgesonthetyne.co.uk/tynebri.html
*Find out detail information about museums in the city. See more

https://discoverymuseum.org.uk/
*Useful facts about St James Park in Newcastle upon Tyne.

http://www.stadiumguide.com/stjamespark/
*A brief summary about one of the most important theatre in the city as well as information about
things to do there. See more http://www.newcastlegateshead.com/things-to-do/theatre-

royal-p21741
*An important source of events in Newcastle. See more

http://www.getintonewcastle.co.uk/whats-on/events/unity-festival/
*An official page of the famous team in the city. See more

http://www.nufc.co.uk/page/Welcome
*Valuable information about an important institutional education in Newcastle upon Tyne. See
more http://www.ncl.ac.uk/