: , .

()

1, 2, , , +1,
,
:
+1 = + , = 1, 2,
.
,

.
> 0,
, +1 > , < 0, , +1 < , = 0, .

1, ,
:
= 1 + (1),

, <, :
1+ + = 1 +

.
,

1

 , .
:
, = 1, 2, , :
2 = 1 + +1, = 2, 3,

, ,
, :
2 = +

, =

+

2

.
, 1,
2, , , :
=

1 + a2 + ... +

:
=

(a1 + a ).
2

[2a1 + ( 1) ].
2

, ,
x1, x2, , x, , x 1, x2, , x,
.

 ,
. :
=

+1

:
x1 = +, x2 = +2, , x = +

, , :
x , , x 2, x , x, x + , x + 2, , x +
x
() .
x.
,
:
x (2 1), , x 3, x , x + , x + 3, , x + (2 1)
, x x + ,
2 x .

k (k N)
.
( + 1)
2

( + 1)(2 + 1)
2 = 12+22+32++2 =
6

1 = 1+2+3++ =

( + 1)
2
= 1
2

3 = 13+23+33++3 =

 ()
1. 21 10, 13, 16, (. 70).
2. 4+5, 61 8 3 (. =10).
3. 4 13
40. 31
(. =3, =1.519).
4. 10 6 72 (. =6).
5.
30 910 (. 7, 10, 13 13, 10, 7).
6.
36
5.760 (. 6, 8, 10, 12 12, 10, 8, 6).
7.
.
8.

(. 1234 2468).
9. , , , ==.
10. = 3+4,

(. 1=7, =3).
11.
5 + 1
).
2

2 + 1 2 + 2 2 + 3
2 +
+
+
++
(.

 ()

1, 2, , , +1,
0 , :
1
+1

1
+ , = 1, 2,

,

.
1, ,
:
=

1
,
1 + ( 1) 1

, ,
, :
=

2
+

, .
, 1, 2,
, 0, :
=

1
1
1
+
+ ... +
1 2


, ,
x1, x2, , x, , x1, x2, , x, .
,

1
.

:
=

( + 1)

 ()

1, 2, , , +1,
,
:
+1 = . , = 1, 2,
.
,

.
> 1,
, +1 > , < 1, , +1 < ,
= 1,
.

1, ,
:
= 1 . -1,
0
, <, :
1+ . = 1 .

.
,
,
.

 :
0, = 1, 2, ,
:
2 = 1 . +1, = 2, 3,

, ,
, :
2 = .
, = . .
, 1,
2, , , :
= 1 2 ...


:
= a a1
1

a1 ( 1)
1

, 0 ,
x1, x2, , x, , x 1, x2, , x,
.
,
. :
=

+1


:
x1 = ., x2 = .2, , x = .
:
1. , +1
,
>0 .>0
<0 .<0.
2. , +1
, .>0 .
3. , +1
, .<0
.


, , :
x
x x
, , 2 , , x, x., x.2, , x.

x
.
x.
,
:
,

x x x
,
,
, x., x.3, x.5,
5 3

,
2 x .

, 1 , <1, :

1
1

 ()
1. 8 1, 2, 4, (. 128).
2. , 6 9 (. =4).
3. 2 7 1
. 20
32
1
1
(. = , =4 18 ).
2
2

4. 4
2 64 (. =2).
5.
21 216 (. 3, 6, 12 12, 6, 3).
6. 2,

1 1 1
, , , (.
2 8 32

8
).
3

7.
2,151515 (.

213
).
99

8. .
; (. ).
9. .
; (. 2).
10.
6

15
147

(.
25
3
1=3, = ).
5

11.
6
1
3

18 (. 1=4, = ).
12.
= 41,
(. 1=3,
=4).

10