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3rd Grade Math Teaching Strategies Handout
3rd Grade Math Teaching Strategies Handout
3rd Grade Math Teaching Strategies Handout
1. Array/Area Model- a set of objects or numbers arranged in order, often in rows and
columns. Arrays and area models are different in that an area model is composed of
squares that are connected.
Multiplication- 3 rows, 5 objects per row
3 x 5 = 15 objects
Array
Area Model
2. Bar Model- a visual representation of the information in word problems using bar units.
Addition- Melissa has 50 blue beads and 20 red beads. How many beads does she have
altogether?
50 + 20 = 70
50
20
Subtraction- Ben and Andy have 90 toy cars. Andy has 60 toy cars. How many toy cars
90
60
90 60 = 30
Multiplication- Jack has 3 boxes of cars. There are 8 cars in each box. How many cars
?
8
8 x 3 = 24
Division- Marcus has 24 pieces of candy. He shares them equally with his 4 friends. How
24 4 = 6
?
attending the trip is $63. Included in that price is $13 for lunch and the cost of 2
wristbands, one for the morning and one for the afternoon. Write an equation
representing the cost of the field trip and determine the price of one wristband.
w
13
63
3. Base Ten Models- use to model place value of the numbers in your problem.
Addition
Subtraction
4. Equal Groups (shares) - dividing a total number of objects into equal-sized groups.
Sharing or grouping things into same sets.
Multiplication- 3 flowers, 5 petals per flower
3 x 5 = 15 petals
8 + 15 = 23
23 15 = 8
23 8 = 15
When multiplying, the greatest number is always the product. When dividing, the
greatest number is always the dividend.
7 x 4 = 28
4 x 7 = 28
28 7 = 4
28 4 = 7
43
4+3=7
40
43 + 25 = 68
Subtraction
75 -
= 70 3 = 67
10 7 = ?
5
Multiplication: 7 x 8 = 56
75 8 = 67
Division: 36 9 = ?
Partial Differences
57 26 = (50 20) + (7 6)
30 1 = 29
Distributive Property
57 x 8 = (50 x 8) + (7 x 8)
400 + 56 = 456
8. Repeated Addition- adding equal amounts until you find the product of a multiplication
problem. Maria has 3 bags of apples. There are 2 apples in each bag. How many apples
9. Repeated Subtraction- subtracting equal amounts until you reach zero. Count the
number of times you subtracted to find the quotient of a division problem. Charlie has 18
crayons. He shares them equally with 6 friends. How many crayons does each friend
receive?
Division: 18 6 = 3 ? crayons
Repeated Subtraction: 18 6 6 6 = 0.
Since you subtracted 6 three times before you reached zero, the answer to the
division problem is 3 crayons.
10. Rounding- changing a number to a more convenient value.
Number Line
0-99 Chart
12. Skip Pattern Counting- when dividing by 2, 3, 5, or 10 skip pattern count by the divisor
and stop when you reach the dividend.
21 3 =
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
13. Time On A Number Line Diagram- number line diagrams can be used to solve problems
involving elapsed time.
Tony wakes up at 6:45 a.m. It takes him 5 minutes to shower, 15 minutes to get dressed, and 15
minutes to eat breakfast. What time will he be ready for school?
15
6:30
6:45
15
7:00
7:20
7:15
7:30
7:45
8:00
14. Traditional Algorithm- A set of predefined steps applicable to a class of problems that
gives the correct result in every case when the steps are carried out correctly.
Addition With and Without Regrouping
+1
4 16
4 9 10
243
547
685
567
500
+ 436
+ 325
- 324
- 385
- 362
679
872
361
182
138
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
Number Line
1
4
1
4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4