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Geostatistical Ore Reseve Estimation-David
Geostatistical Ore Reseve Estimation-David
Matheron', geoslalislical method (or the estimation of ore reserves has been developed to the point al which
real-life problClll'l may be handled effectively. The steps
(i) ob(alning the varioaram,
(ii) fitting a model, and
(Hi) producing block estimates.
invol~d
AI! three steps may cause difficulty, and wouldbe users need a deep understanding of th e theory if failure is
to be avoided.
T o illustrate these points, specific casu a re considered:
(i) two almost equidimensional porpbyry deposits, ono drilled randomly aDd tile other regularly; and
(ii) tW9 ira,n formation!, ono drilled eJ(tensivoiy and being mined, while the other is still at the stage of early
estimatIOn.
In this context, this particular allOOlpt towards standardization of geostatistical ore calculation may appear utopian to
US<.
Canada.
27
J'lh)
---- . --,---~-
---,!.-------
--.00
.00
fUT
Fig. 3. Deposits C alld D. Composite variograms - the gaod and the
bad.
l(h)
d(h),------~---~,---~--,---,___--,
'00
"
FEET
Fig. 1. Deposit A -
:r(h )
ULlO
c:Y'f
--.-------'_.-
. - 0 ......
200
.'
11.10
FEET
..
I,.,'
Deposit B
.-
(ii)
size,
(Hi) to compute the variogram for these blocks and to map
29
~:~~;::sW~:~n~t~~~P!~t~~a~;~d~!?ft~O~~P~~fi~~ ~~;i;:~~~
I'
30
k *k"
b"
siniq; sin 2u du
J l
-Q' + 1
= M es (Vn V- h).
f:
f:JJ
s in'asin'udu
and
where K is the point covariogram.
b - 4b
n
J'
.)1
where
eo8 - -
fIj j
given block. All equidistant samples bring the same contribution to kriging, SO that they can be replaced by their
average value.
+ P-
'
Covariance computation;r
I:At = l
-f:f
0) . 11 the n inne'
,=pl~
1
G'oV(V,V)=C - vY
y(x - y)dxdy
SAIoIPL E Xi
7(hi)
1
11
A
; ~-- + --
n + ,,'
n+,,'CS'
BLOCK Zo
(ii) all the n' outer samples have the same weight :
"
_ _ _1_ _ _ n_'_
n+n'
i ~1
n +n CS'
l(nl1
KZ
A-OZ X
0 I
c:
f:
zK(z)dz,
1
I
DAVln, M. (1969). The notion of extension vnrian~e and its application to the grade estfmation of stratiform dcposiu. A Decade of
Digifal COlllputfng in (he Mineral Industry. A.l.M.E. Special Vof.
pp. 63-31. New Yon..
D AvlD, M. ( 1970). Oeoslatistical on: rcservc calculation, a slep b)'
step case study. I Xlh I nlernfllimlai Symeo.siulII for Decisiofl-Making
in Ine Mineral Industry. C.I.M.M. Special Vot. no. J2. Mon trea l.
D .wUJ,
.
M. (1970). The geostatistical estimation of porphyry-type
deposits and scale factor problems. Proceedings, Pribram Mining
Symposium. Pribram, Czechoslovakia.
H UIJJlRHO'rs, CH., anu MATrmRQN, G . (1970). Universal krigin g- ll.n
optima! approach to frend surface analysis. Deci.fion-Making In
rhe Mineral Industry. C,l.M.M. Special Vcl. no. 12. Montreal.
KRlGl!, D . G . er al. ( 1970). T he \JSI! of contour surfaces as predictive
models for orc values. A Decade of DiNital Compulilf/J ill lite Milleral
T1!dustry. A.LM.E!. S(W!Cial'yol. pQ,..127-16 J,
MAIU!CHAL, A., and ROULUER, J. P. (1970). Etude seostatistique des
wisements dc bauxite. Re~ue de I'IndllSfrle MinJrafe, va t. 52, no. 7,
pp. 492-507.
MARI!CHAL, A., and SaRRA, J. (1971). Random krrging. Geoslatisrlcs,
D. F. Merriam Editor, Plenum Press, New York.
MATHERON, G. (1963l. Principles of geosta tiSlies. ECnlwmic GecloGY,
vol. 58 , pp. 1246-1266.
MATHI!RON, G. ( 1965). Lu rariohles riglona/iseu el leur eSllmurion,
Masson et Cie, editor, Paris. 300 pp.
MATHHRON, G. (1%7). Kriging or potynomia l interpolation procedure.~. C.I.M. Bulletlll. va t. 60, no. 655, pp. 1041-1045.
MATHERON, G. (1968). Osnovy Prikladnofgr:oS/atisliki. Mir. Moscow.
RECONCILIATION OF GEOSTATISTICS,
GEOLOGY A ND MINING NECESSITIES
Oeological considerations must guide the entire ore appraisal.
In the four cases we have discussed, the ore s tructUfCS va ry
enormously. In the porpbY1Y coppers studied (deposits A
and B) the ifrucfiirnl confrols are exttllordioarily complicated,
with. billions of mineralized fractures, whereas in the fiat iron
formation (deposit C) the structure is very simple, and in the
fohled and metamorphosed iron formation (deposit D) it is
more complex. Yet, the slime basic mathematical approach is
applicable to all four d eposits.
300 pp.
33
J
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