www.tuhoc.edu.

vn

)
o):

n
no

phn li hon ton thnh ion.

= 1.

< 1.

TOPPER. Ch
VD1: HCl

".

H+ + Cl

Ba(OH)2

".

NaCl

Ba2+ + 2OH
Na+ + Cl

VD2: CH3COOH
Mg(OH)2
CaSO4

CH3COO + H+
Mg2+ + 2OH
Ca2+ + SO42

21

li ra H+.
VD3: HCl, H2SO4, ...

li ra OH.
li ra H+ v OH.
VD4: NaOH, Ca(OH)2, ... VD5: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, ...

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proton (H+).

+).

(H+).

+ Cc axit theo quan

tnh: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2

3 ,
2+,

Zn2+,

Al3+,

2,

CO32,

NH4+

PO43, CH3COO

A + H2O

H3O+

HSO3, HS, HPO42

4)2CO3

B+

B + H2O

[B].[H ]
[A]

Ka

Kb

A + OH
[A].[OH ]
[B]

Kb

Ka

Kb

Ka

+
4

VD6: NaCl, Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3

ion H+.
2HPO3, NaH2PO2 l cc VD7: NaHCO , K HPO , KHSO
3
2
4
4

CaOCl2
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1
(A
(B
(C
(D
2
(A) CH4.

(B) C2H5OH.

(C) HCl.

(D) C6H6.

khng

(A) H2SO4.

TOPPER. Ch

(B) KOH.

(C) C2H5OH.

(D) AgNO3.

KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, C2H5OH,

C12H22O11

3COOH,

Ca(OH)2, CH3COONH4

CH3COONH4
KAl(SO4)2.12H2

A) 3.

B) 4.

C) 5.

5
(A) NaCl, AgCl, KOH.

D) 2.

(B) H2SO3, NaOH, BaCl2.

(C) KNO3, Ba(OH)2, HCl.

(D) H2SO4, Cu(OH)2, AgNO3.

6
(A) 3.

3,

(B) 4.

(C) 5.

AgBr, BaSO3, CuSO4, HNO3.

(D) 6.

7
(A) H2O, CH3COOH, CuSO4, NH3.
(B) CH3COOH, NaNO3, NH3.
(C) H2O, Ba(OH)2, NaNO3, CuSO4.
(D) H2O, CH3COOH, NH3.

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8
(A) KNO3, PbCl2, Ca(HCO3)2, Na2S, NH4Cl.
(B) KNO3, HClO4, Ca3(PO4)2, Na2CO3, CuSO4.
(C) KHSO4, HClO4, Na2S, CH3COONa, NH4Cl.
(D) KOH, HClO4, NaHSO4, Ca(HCO3)2, NH3.
3

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9
(A) H2SO4

H+ + SO42.

(B) H2SO4

2H+ + HSO4.

(C) H2SO4

H+ + 2SO42.

(D) H2SO4

2H+ + SO42.

Na+ + O2.

(B) KOH

A
(A) NaOH

Ca2+ + OH.

(C) Ca(OH)2

Na+ + OH.

(D) Ca(OH)2

Ca2+ + 2OH.

khng
Na+ + Cl.

(A) NaCl
(C) Na2SO4

Ca2+ + SO42.

(B) CaSO4

2Na+ + SO42.

Ca2+ + 2Cl.

(D) CaCl2

C
(A) NaOH

Na+ + Cl.

(B) Na2SO4

(C) BaSO4

Ba2+ + SO42.

(D) NaCl

D
(A
(B
(C
(D
E
(A) 0 <
(C) 0 <

2Na+ + SO42.
Na+ + Cl.

l
< 1.
< 100.

F
CH3
(A
(C

G
axit?
(A) HCl.

(B) 0
(D) 0

1.
100.

(B
(D

khng
(B) HNO3.

(C) CH4.

(D) H2SO4.

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(A) NaOH.
(C) C6H5OH.

(B) Ca(OH)2.
(D) KOH.
4

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I
(A) NaOH.
(C) Al(OH)3.

(B) Mg(OH)2.
(D) Cu(OH)2.

J
(A) Al(OH)3.
(C) Pb(OH)2.

TOPPER. Ch
+

CH3COOH
CH3

khng
(B) Zn(OH)2.
(D) Cu(OH)2.

K
(A
(C

(B
(D

L
(A
(C

(B
(D

CH3COO + H+

3COO .

CH3COO
axit CH3COOH.

M
(A) S.

2SO3

(C) SO32.

(B) SO2.

N
(A) Zn.

(D) SO3.

(B) ZnO.

(C) Zn2+.

(D) ZnCl2.

(B) S2.

(C) Cu2+.

(D) Al3+.

(B) S2.

(C) Al3+.

(D) SO32.

O
(A) Cl.
P
(A) CO32.
Q
(A) HCl, H2SO4, H2CO3, CO32.
(B) NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2, Mg2+.
(C) HNO3, HCOOH, Mg2+.
(D) Al3+, Zn2+, CO32.
R
(A) Fe2+.

(B) Fe3+.

(C) HS.

3 ,

(D) Cl.
H2PO4, PO43, NH3, S2, HPO42.

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(A) 2.

(B) 1.

(C) 5.

(D) 3.
5

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T
HNO2, HCOOH.

2 ,

CH3COO, HCOO.
V
(A
(B
(C
(D
W
(A
(B
(C
(D

a
a
a
a

[NH3]> Kb [Mg(OH)2
2.

3
2.

3.

2
3

2.

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)
o):

n
hay
no

C
C0

C0
< 1.

VD8:

3COOH

3COOH

3COOH

V 0 <

2
100

0, 02.

< 1 nn CH3

VD9:
li

PT phn li: CH3COOH CH3COO + H+

3COOH]phn li =
3COOH

[H+] = 0,004 M.

1 M l

0, 004
1

0, 004

VD10:
a. HCl 0,5 M.
b. Ba(NO3)2 1 M.
V HCl, Ba(NO3)2 v Al2(SO4)3
HCl 0,5 M.
PT phn li: HCl

= 1.

H+ + Cl

(1)
+]

= [Cl] = [HCl] = 0,5 M.

Ba(NO3)2 1 M.
PT phn li: Ba(NO3)2

Ba2+ + 2NO3
2+]

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(2)

= [Ba(NO3)2] = 1 M.

[NO3] = 2 [Ba(NO3)2] = 2 M.
7

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VD11:

CH3COO v H+ trong dung

= 0,02.

3COOH,
3

C
C0

C = .C0

PT phn li.

CH3COOH CH3COO + H+

Phn li:

0,001

0,001

0,001
3COOH

0,05 M l

[CH3COOH] = 0,049 M
[CH3COO] = 0,001 M.
[H+]

= 0,001 M.

X
a. NaCl 0,4 M.
c. FeSO4 1,2 M.
e. Ba(OH)2 0,25 M.

b. CaCl2 0,5 M.
d. H2SO4 0,15 M.
f. Na3PO4 0,03 M.

Y
= 0,05.
= 0,01.
= 0,04.

b. CH3

Z
H+ l 4,08.104
(A
(C

= 0,0108.
= 0,0408.

(B
(D

l 0,004 M. Khi pha

= 0,0408.
= 0,0108.

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Cu
1

Cu
D

Cu
P

T Ka (HClO) =

[ClO ].[H ]
[HClO]

Ka (HCOOH) =

U Kb (NO2-) =

[NO2 ].[H ]
[HNO2 ]

[HCOO ].[H ]
[HCOOH]

[HNO2 ].[OH ]

Kb (CH3COO-) =

Ka (HNO2) =

[NO2 ]

Kb (HCOO-) =

[HCOOH].[OH ]
[HCOO ]

[CH3COOH].[OH ]
[CH3COO ]

X a. [Na+] = [Cl-] = 0,4 M.

b. [Ca2+] = 0,5 M; [Cl-] = 1 M.
c. [Fe2+] = 1,2 M; [SO42-] = 1,2 M.
d. [H+] = 0,3 M; [SO42-] = 0,15 M.
e. [Ba2+] = 0,25 M; [OH-] = 0,5 M.

f.

[Na+] = 0,09 M; [PO43-] = 0,03 M.

Y a. [H+] = [HCOO-] = 0,02 M.

b. [H+] = [CH3COO-] = 2,5.10-3 M.
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c. [H+] = [HCOO-] = 4.10-3 M.

9