Oil Refinery Process

Yogyakarta/ 10 November 2012

DIT. PENGOLAHAN PERTAMINA

Tlp : 021-381-5481
Email : sukotjo.wakimin@pertamina.com

Materi Presentasi
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.

Gambaran umum
Proses proses utama di kilang
Konfigurasi proses kilang
Feed dan spesifikasi
Product dan spesifikasi
Tantangan ke depan

Gambaran umum

Marketable
Product

Crude Oil

Pengolahan
(Refining)

SLC
Duri
ALC
Nigeria
dll

LPG
Gasoline
Kerosene / Avtur
ADO
Fuel Oil
C2=, C3=, C4=
Wax, Asphalt,
Aromatic, coke

Alur pengolahan minyak (oil)

Downstream

Upstream

Trading
Commercial
Customer

Exploration

Geophysical
Evaluation &
Design
Field Development
Drilling Operations

Retail
Customer

Production

Refining

Primary
Distribution

Terminalling

Crude Oil & Gas

Production

Refining of
Crude

Pipeline
Transportation

Inventory
Management

Gathering &
Processing

Product
Blending

Barge & Vessel

Transportation

Product
Blending

Price Setting

Truck Dispatch

Customer Service

Transportation &
Storage

Marketing
Demand Forecast

Demand
Fulfillment

Typical Crude & product

Distribution
200

HOMC
Import
20

Export
Natural
Gas

Contractor
100

300

LPG

Exchange
Crude

100

Indonesian
Crude Production

200

Export,
Exchange,
Repayment

Fuel Product
- Mogas

: 190

- Kerosene : 150
- Gasoil

: 250

-IDO

-IFO

67

Product

1,000.0
700

Pertamina production &

Government Entlitement

: 30

- Aviation

: 33

- Pertamax

- Pertamax Plus :

- Pertadex

0.2

600
500

Petrochemical (Excl. LPG )

400

Import Crude

Unit : MBCD

400

- Total

: 41

Miscellineous
- Total

: 120.0

Ref. Fuel & Loss

- Total

: 7.5 % Vol on Crude

Kilang Pengolahan Minyak Milik PERTAMINA

I
170
253.5

II

10

VII
132.5
125

III

348

Dalam MBPSD

RU I : Pangkalan Brandan
RU II : Dumai

RU III : Plaju
RU IV : Cilacap

RU V : Balikpapan
RU VI : Balongan
RU VII : Kasim
7

Asia pacific major refineries

Refiners
Shell

1,272

Exxon Mobil
Caltex (including

1,047

SK

555

14
11

285

1,115

Pertamina
PTT

Number of
refineries

1,801

LG-Caltex)

1031
370

485

782

Nippon Mitsubishi

Idemitsu

670

Cosmo Oil

599

BP

247

Petronas

298

SPC

285

Petron

Influenced**
capacity (KBD)

Controlled* total
capacity (KBD)

180

* Majority controlled and manned by company

** Minority ownership
Source: Facts EWCI; company website

4
5

285

4
3
3
1
1

Proses proses utama di kilang

Proses proses utama di Oil Refinery

No

Jenis
Proses

Unit Proses

Tujuan Proses

Persiapan

Desalter

Menurunkan water,
menurunkan garam

Pemisahan

Pemisahan primer
berdasar titik didih

Treating

Konversi

Perbaikan
Kualitas

Crude Distilling Unit (CDU),

High Vakum Unit (HVU)
Hydrotreating dan demetalisasi
(HDS, ARHDM, DHDT, DHDT),
Amine Absorber,
Hydrocracker, Fluid Catalytic
Cracking (FCC), RFCC, Delayed
Coker, Visbreaker, Platforming,
H2 Plant.
Hydrotreater (HDS)

Prosesproses Lain

Polymerisasi, Isomerisasi
Penex,Totaray), MDU

Polymerisasi,
aromatisasi, Filtrasi

Pemurnian
Perengkahan,
pembentukan /
reforming
Perbaikan kualitas

10

Konfigurasi proses kilang

11

Tipikal refinery process flow diagram

12

RU II Dumai
GAS

L.NAP

LPG
L.NAP

LPG

H.NAP

NRU

HCU
212

PL-I

H.NAP

L.NAP

KERO

BTM

TO PREMIUM

NHDT

ADO

HCU
212

HVGO
EXCESS

GAS

HOMC

L.KERO
H.KERO
ADO

S.RES
GAS
TO LSWR

BTM
LPG

SRN

TO PREM.

NAPHTHA
CDU
SPK

KERO

DCU

ADO

PL -II

H.NAP

LVGO
HVU

H.NAP

LPG
L.NAP

H2P
701/702

LPG
GAS

CRUDE

LPG

HOMC

TO LOMC
CDU
DMI

H.KERO
ADO

SRN
CRUDE

L.KERO

NAPHTHA

LCGO
HCGO
COKE

DHDT

L.KERO
H.KERO

L.RES
TO LSWR

13

TO LOMC

RU III Plaju

14

RU IV Cilacap

15

RU V Balikpapan

16

RU VI Balongan

17

RU VII Kasim

18

PERBANDINGAN YIELD KILANG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN

PRODUK BERNILAI JUAL TINGGI DAN KOMPETISI
Nelson Complexity Index - Yield indicator
(higher number, high value yields)

Refinery comparison
Production capacity, kbpd

RU IV Cilacap
RU V Balikpapan
RU II Dumai
RU III Plaju / Musi
RU VI Balongan
RU VII Kasim

348

3.5
3.3

260
170
118
125

7.9
4.9
10.6

10

1.0

Indonesia average

International
competitors

South Korea avg

Taiwan average
UK average
Japan average
India average
US average
China average
Reliance India**

4.7
430
305
170
152
132
128
83

5.0
5.9
9.0
7.7

3.8
10.7
3.6
580

14.0

KILANG DENGAN KOMPLEKSITAS TINGGI AKAN MENGHASILKAN

FRAKSI RINGAN LEBIH BESAR DAN PRODUCT VALUE LEBIH TINGGI
Simple /
Hydroskimming

Gas plant

Distillation

Reformer

Crude
oil

Refinery
configuration type

Fuel Gas
LPG /
Propane
Gasoline

Kerosene / Avtur

Solar / Diesel

Fraksi
Ringan

Units
present

Topping

30

Hydroskimming

50

FCC

70

FCC/alky

75

Coking

85

Source:

Actual yield is also dependent on the crude type/quality

McKinsey

Simple (%v)

Coker

Gas/ LPG

Alky

Yields

FCC

Complex /
Cracking

Reformer

Distillation

Residual fuel

Typical light
product yield*
% volume

Complex
(%v)

2.11

9.56

Gasoline

16.51

44.58

Kerosene / Avtur

20.22

8.95

Solar / Diesel

21.32

20.44

Residue

39.84

16.47

100.00

100.00

Total

Feed dan Spesifikasi

21

Crude Oil ( minyak bumi) :

Terdiri atas senyawa C (1 - 40an ) dan H
Didefinisikan dengan crude assay (boiling point cut, sifat
fisik)
Mengandung impurities (S, N, metals)
Dikategorikan sebagai : parafinik, naphthenik, aromatik.

22

Komposisi desain feed (crude) RUs

RU

UNIT
OPERASI

JENIS CRUDE

KOMPOSISI
CRUDE ( % V)

DUMAI

SLC
DURI

80%
20%

RU II

SUNGAI PAKNING

SLC
LIRIK

90%
10%

RU III

CDU I - VII

SLC
RAMBA

RU IV

CDU I

ALC

100%

CDU II

ARJUNA
ATTAKA

50%
50%

CDU IV

HANDIL
BEKAPAI

60%
40%

CDU V

SLC
WIDURI

70%
30%

RU VI

CDU

SLC
DURI

20%
80%

RU VII

CDU

WALIO

100%

RU V

TABEL. SPESIFIKASI FEED

PRIMARY PROCESSING
NO

PARAMETER

UNIT

UP II
SPK

SALT CONTENT

ptb

SULFUR

% WT

N + 2A

% vol

Asphalthenes

% wt

Vanadium

ppm wt

max 0.5

Nickel

ppm wt

max 20

Mercury

ppb

TAN

mgKOH/mg

max 0.1

UP III

UP IV

UP V

UP VI

max 7

max 8.7

max 7.8

max 10

max 0.1

max 0.1

max 0.1

max 0.1

max 0.71

max 0.45

min 80

max 25

max 25

max 25

max 0.7

max 0.62

Produk dan Spesifikasi

25

Marketable products :
Produk

No. Atom C

Spesifikasi kritis

LPG

C3 C4

Kadar C3&C4, RVP, bau, C2, korisifitas

Gasoline

C4 C12

ON, distilasi/EP, RVP, S, aromat, korisifitas

Jet Fuel / Kero

C8 C12

Freezing point, smoke point, flash point

ADO/Solar

C12-C18

Cetane Index, distilasi/EP, S, korosifitas

Fuel Oil / Residu > C25

Viskositas, Sg

26

Spesifikasi produk LPG

NO.

ANALISA

METODA

1.

Specific Gravity at 60 / 60 F

ASTM D - 1657

2.

Komposisi :

ASTM D - 2163

MIN

MAX

To Be Reported

C2

% vol

0.8

C3 + C4

% vol

97.0

C5 + ( C5 and heavier )

% vol

2.0

3.

R.V.P at 100 F

psig

ASTM D - 1267

145

4.

Weathering Test at 36 F

% vol

ASTM D - 1837

95

5.

Total Sulphur

grains/100
cuft

ASTM D - 2784

15 +)

6.

Copper Corrosion 1 hours/100 F

ASTM D - 1838

No. 1

7.

Ethyl or Buthyl Mercaptan Added

8.

Water Content

mL / 1000 AG

50 *)
Visual

No free water

+) Sebelum ditambah ethyl atau buthyl mercaptan

*) Tidak dilakukan di Laboratorium
Ref. Dirjen Migas no. No. 26525.K/10/DJM.S/2009

27

Spesifikasi produk premium (hal 1 dari 2)

NO.

ANALISA

1.

Research Octane Number

2.

Colour

3.

Dyes content

4.

Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 50 oC

5.

Distillation :

METODA

MIN

MAX

ASTM D-2699

88.0

Visual
gr/100 L

Yellow
-

0.13

ASTM D-130

No. 1

ASTM D-86

10 % Vol. recovery

oC

74

50 % Vol. recovery

oC

75

125

90 % Vol. recovery

oC

180

End Point

oC

215

Residue

% vol

2.0

IP-130

Negative

6.

Doctor Test or No. 9

7.

Existent Gum

mg/100 mL

ASTM D-381

4.0

8.

Induction Period

Minutes

ASTM D-525

240

9.

Mercaptan Sulphur

% wt

ASTM D-3227

0.0020

10.

Density at 15 oC

Kg/m3

ASTM D-4052

715,0

780,0

11.

Oksigenat content

% vol

Mixing

11

12.

R.V.P at 100 oF

kPa

ASTM D-323

69

13.

Lead Content

g/L

ASTM D-5059

0.013

14.

Total Sulphur

% wt

ASTM D-2622

0.10

28

Spesifikasi produk Solar

NO.

ANALISA

METODA
Visual

MIN

MAX

1.

Appearance

2.

Density 15 C

kg / m

ASTM D - 1298

815

870

3.

Strong Acid Number

mg KOH/g

ASTM D - 664

NIL

4.

Total Acid Number

mg KOH/g

ASTM D - 664

0.6

5.

Ash Content

% wt

ASTM D - 482

0.01

6.

Cetane Index

ASTM D - 4737

48

7.

Colour ASTM

ASTM D - 1500

3.0

8.

Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 100 C

ASTM D - 130

No. 1

9.

Distillation, T90

ASTM D - 86

370

10.

Pour Point

ASTM D - 97

18

11.

Sediment

% wt

ASTM D - 473

0.01

12.

Visc. Kinematic at 40 C

cSt

ASTM D - 445

2.000

5.000

13.

Water Content

mg / kg

ASTM D - 1744

500

14.

Flash Point PMcc

ASTM D - 93

55

15.

Total Sulphur *

% wt

ASTM D - 2622

0.35

0.1

No. ASTM

Clear & Bright

OR

ASTM D - 1552
16.

Conradson Carbon Residue

% wt

ASTM D - 4530

*) Ref. : SK Dirjen Migas No. 3675 K/24/DJM/2006.

Surat dari Dir. Jen. Migas No. : 5312/14/DJM.T/2008.
Surat dari Dir. Jen. Migas No. : 1470/04/DJM.0/2009.

29

Spesifikasi produk Kerosene

NO.

ANALISA

METODA

MIN

MAX

1.

Density 15 C

kg / m

ASTM D - 1298

835

2.

Burning Test ( Dry Char )

mg / kg

IP - 10

40

3.

Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 50 C

Class

ASTM D - 130

No. 1

4.

Distilation :

310

18

38.0

ASTM D - 86

End Point

Recovery at 200 C

% vol
C

5.

Flash Point Abel

IP - 170

6.

Odour & Colour

7.

Smoke Point

mm

ASTM D -1322

15

8.

Total Sulphur

% wt

ASTM D -1266

0.20

Marketable

Ref. : Dirjen Migas No. 17K/72/DDJM/1999 Tgl. 16 April 1999

30

Tantangan ke depan

31

Tantangan ke depan

Lingkungan yang berubah :

1.
2.
3.
4.

Harga crude yang cenderung tinggi.

Tuntutan kinerja standart global.
Regulasi produk yang berubah.
Tuntutan lindungan lingkungan yang semakin ketat.

Tuntutan terhadap Pengolahan :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Menaikkan kehandalan kilang.

Mengurangi losses dan refinery fuel.
Mengoptimalkan produksi.
Memenuhi regulasi pemerintah.
Menurunkan biaya-biaya.

32

Tipikal Struktur Biaya Bidang Pengolahan

Biaya Pengolahan;
2.4%
Biaya Angkutan;
0.9%

Biaya Refinery
Fuel; 3.6%
Biaya Depresiasi;
0.9%
Biaya Interest;
0.1%

Bahan Baku;
92.1%

Trend Karakteristik Bisnis Pengolahan Oil & Gas

Terima kasih atas perhatiannya

36