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A T This Is Hybrid
A T This Is Hybrid
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An analysis of mixed-use
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Titu I0 Title
This is Hybrid
Subtitulo Subtitle
An analysis of mixed-use buildings by a+t
Prologue by Steven Holl
ISBN 978-84-614-64S2-4
Autores Authors
a+t research group: Aurora Fernandez Per
Javier Mozas
Javier Arpa
Maquetaci6n y producci6n Layout and production
Ricardo Unquera
Delia Argote
Coordinaci6n Coordination
Idoia Esteban
Comunicaci6n y prensa Communication and Press
Patricia Garcia
Traducci6n al ingles Translation into English
Wesley Trobaugh, Ken Mortimer
Portada Cover
Alex S. Ollero
Publicado por Edited by
a+t architecture publishers
General Alava 1S, 2A. E-0100S. Vitoria-Gasteiz. Spain
www.aplust.net
Impresi6n Printing
Griificas Santamaria
VI-S-2011
Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2011
Edici6n Edition: a+t architecture publishers
Obras, articulos y fotos: sus autores
Projects, articles and photographs: their authors
Ninguna parte de esta publicaci6n puede reproducirse a transmitirse por ningun media, incluida
la cubierta, sin la expresa autorizaci6n escrita de la editorial.
No part of this publication, including the cover, may b. reproduced or transmitted without the
express authorization in writing of the publisher.
Agradecimientos Acknowledgments
aH architecture publishers agradece a todos los autores y colaboradores de las obTas que se
incluyen en este numera, su esfuerzo en la comprobaci6n de datos y en la recopilacion de la
informaci6n.
a+t architecture publishers thank the authors of the works featured in this publication as well as
all their collaborators including for their efforts in collecting information and verifying data.
ThisD~lndex
fNDICE DE CONTENIDOS
Hybrid Buildings
TheseCID[f@Architects
fNDICE DE ARQUITECTOS
....................................................................................................... 112-117
Metacity Rotterdam.
De Rotterdam.
JERSEYCI"IY,
us ............................................................................................................. 170-173
Dubai Renaissance.
HELSINKI. FI ..........................................................................................................................................................146-151
Lynked Hybrid.
BEIJING. CN ........................................................................................................................220-227
o paralelo con aquello que Ie es familiar". Pues asf son los edificios hfbridos, son edificios
cosmopolitas, asentados en formas fragmentarias que no les corresponden, en volumenes
montados a base de retales de anteriores tipologfas mezcladas, en los que su cuerpo encaja
con mas 0 menos fortuna y que producen un ser nuevo con una personalidad aglutinadora.
Los siguientes parrafos definen las caraeterfsticas y la personalidad de los hibridos. Son, conscientemente, sentencias absolutas, agrupadas por temas, que apuntan a 10 categorico y a 10
definitorio, para que los rasgos de su personalidad sean 10 mas acusados posible.
Personalidad
La personalidad del hfbrido es una celebracion de la complejidad, de la diversidad y de la
variedad de programas. Es el crisol para una mixtura de diferentes aetividades interdependientes.
EI edificio hfbrido es un auto-homenaje a la creacion individual del arquiteeto. Cada hibrido es
una creacion (inica, sin modelos previos. EI propio edificio parte de una idea innovadora, que se
revuelve contra la combinacion establecida de los programas habituales y que basa su propia
razon de existir en la novedad del planteamiento y en la inesperada mezcla de funciones.
EI hfbrido es un edificio oportunista, que saca partido a sus multiples habilidades.
EI edificio hfbrido busca relaciones fntimas, inesperadas e impredecibles, fomenta la coexistencia de unas can otras,
EI hfbrido-hito no esta sujeto a la indiferencia, su senti do es producir impaeto en el obserNo pasa desapercibido, sino que manifiesta sus habilidades en publico, su caraeter
extravertido y sus dotes de atraccion. EI edificio hibrido con can3eter de hito es un aetor con
un papel destacado en la escena urbana.
EI hibrido-anonimo, por el contrario, obliga a que cada parte del programa pierda su originalidad. En caso de contener programa publico, 10 coleetivo tendra que disolver su caraeter y
conformarse con ser uno mas dentro de la escena cotidiana de la ciudad.
vad~r.
Sociabilidad
La hibridacion ideal se retroalimenta del encuentro entre la esfera privada y la esfera publica.
La intimidad de la vida privada y la sociabilidad de la vida publica encuentran en el edificio
hfbrido anclajes para desarrollarse.
La permeabilidad del hfbrido respeeto a la ciudad 10 hace accesible y la utilizacion privada
de sus equipamientos amplia su horario de utilizacion a las veinticuatro horas. Esto implica
que la aetividad es constante y no esta reg ida ni por los ritmos privados, ni por los publicos.
Se crea otra categoria de uso, el edificio de jornada continua.
Forma
La moderna insistencia en la correspondencia entre la forma del edificio y su funcion ya no
funciona.
La relacion forma-funcion en un hibrido puede ser explicita 0 implicita. En el primer caso se
tiende a la fragmentacion, en el segundo a la integracion.
Un hibrido generico es un edificio-contenedor que procura un habitat indiferenciado a la diversidad de funciones que se agrupan en su interior.
EI edificio hfbrido luchara siempre contra las morfologias segregacionistas que permiten la huida de algun uso y tratara de mantener unidas, dentro de su area de influencia, a todas las aetividades que Ie puedan proporcionar algo de vida.
42 ThisisHybrid
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Richard Sennett wrote that a cosmopolitan is someone who moves comfortably in diversity,
who is at home in situations which are not connected or parallel to what is familiar to him."
Just like hybrid buildings. They are cosmopolitan buildings, placed in fragmented forms that
do not correspond, in volumes based on remnants of previous mixed typologies, where its
body fits with more or less fortune. They produce a new being with a unifying personality.
The following paragraphs define the characteristics and personality of hybrids. They are,
consciously, absolute maxims, grouped by themes that point out the categorical and defining, so that their personality traits are as noticeable as possible.
Personality
The personality of the hybrid is a celebration of complexity, diversity and variety of programmes. It is the crucible for a mixture of different interdependent activities.
The hybrid building is a self-tribute to the individual creation of the architect. Each hybrid
is a unique creation, without previous models. The very building comes from an innovative
idea, which is resolved against the established combination of usual programmes and bases
its reason for existence on the novelty of the approach and the unexpected mixing of functions.
The hybrid is an opportunist building, which takes advantages of its multiple skills.
The hybrid building looks for unexpected, unpredictable, intimate relationships, encourages
coexistence and is conscious that unprogrammed situations are the keys to its own future .
The hybrid shows its many facets and its own personality. As it depends on the individual
nature of its creation process, it can take on multiple representations, even apparently contradictory representations, urban landmark, sculpture, landscape or anonymous volume.
The landmark hybrid is not subject to indifference. It is meant to impact the observer.
It does not go unnoticed, but publicly manifests its skills, its extroverted character and its
attractive points. The hybrid building as a milestone, is an actor in a starring role on the
urban stage.
The anonymous hybrid, on the contrary, requires each part of the programme to lose its
originality. If it holds a public programme, what is collective will have to dissolve its character and conform to being another simple secondary actor on the daily stage of the city.
Sodability
The ideal hybrid feeds on the meeting of the private and public spheres. The intimacy of
private life and the sociability of public life find anchors of development in the hybrid building.
The permeability of the hybrid makes it accessible from the city and the private use of its
services extends its timetable to 24 hours a day. This means that activity is constant and
is not controlled by private or public rhythms. Another use category is created, a full-time
building.
Form
21 Richard Sennett.
1976. Edicions 62 S.
A. 2002. P 49
The Modernism insistence upon correspondence between form and function of a building no longer works. The form-function relationship in a hybrid can be explicit or implicit.
The first case leans towards fragmentation, the second towards integration.
A generic hybrid is a building-container that attempts a habitat undifferentiated from the
diversity of functions that are grouped inside.
The hybrid building will always fight against those segregationist morphologies that allow
the escape from some use and looks to unite, inside their area of influence, all of the activities that can provide life to it.
ThisisHybrid 43
Social
ndenser
~
Joseph Fenton.
UHybrid BuildingsU
in Pamphlet
Architecture n. 11
Princeton
Architectural Press.
New York, 1984. p 5
2 Leonardo Benevolo.
Historia de la
arquitectura
modema. Gustavo
GilL Barcelona, 1977.
pp 592-600
3 Casa comunitaria
En el primer estudio realizado sobre los hibridos, Joseph Fenton establece que surgieron en
el primer cuarto del siglo XX, con el fin de revitalizar las ciudades americanas y rentabilizar la
ocupacion del suelo'.
De manera simultanea, el movimiento constructivista da a luz el condensador social.
Fue descrito por Moisei Ginzburg' como un edificio diseiiado para transformar las relaciones
entre los hombres en los tres ambitos del nuevo estado socialista: la vivienda colectiva, el club
y fabrica.
Ambos son hijos del periodo de vanguardias, cuando los acontecimientos historicos propiciaron una tabla rasa fecunda en nuevos planteamientos. EI condensador se desarrolla en la
reciem creada Union Sovietica, donde la disponibilidad del suelo era absoluta y la necesidad de
vivienda acuciante. Una oportunidad de experimentacion que los arquitectos constructivistas
encuadrados en la OSA (Asociacion de Arquitectos Contemporaneos), no dudaron en aprovechar. En el concurso sobre nuevas propuestas residenciales, convocado en 1927 por la revista
del grupo, Sovremennaya Arkhitektura, aparecen por primera vez proyectos con viviendas en
duplex 0 triplex, calles interiores y galerfas de acceso. Ginzburg desarrolla algunas de estas
propuestas, que cristalizan en la celula de vivienda minima (27-30 m'), con la que compone
los grandes bloques residenciales dom-komuna'. Serviran para alojar a las masas proletarias y
tendran como objetivo influir en el comportamiento social de sus habitantes. La mayor parte
de las actividades, hasta entonces propias de la vida privada, transcurre en cocinas, cantinas,
lavanderias 0 guarderias comunes.
Joseph Fenton.
'Hybrid Buildings'
in Pamphlet
Architecture n
11 Princeton
Architectural Press.
New York, 1984. P 5
2 Leonardo Benevolo.
Historia d. la
arquitectura
modema. Gustavo
Gili. Barcelona,
'977. pp 592-600
3 Communal house
In the first study done on hybrids, Joseph Fenton states that they came about in the first quarter of the 20'" century, in order to revitalise American cities and make optimum use of land'.
Simultaneously, the constructivist movement brought about the social condenser. It was described by Moisei Ginzburg' as a building designed to transform relationships among citizens in
the three areas of the new socialist state: collective housing, clubs and factories.
Both are the fruit of the avant-garde era, when historical events provided a clean slate for many
new approaches. The condenser was developed in the recently created Soviet Union, where
there was total land availability and the need for housing was urgent.This was an opportunity
for expirimentation that the constructivist architects of the OSA (Union of Contemporary Architects) took full advantage of. In the competition for new residential proposals, organised
in 1927 by the group's journal, Sovremmennaya Arkhitektura, duplex and triplex housing, interior streets and entrance galleries appeared in projects. Ginzburg developed some of these
proposals, crystallised in the minimum living cell (27-30 m'), which made up large residential
blocks called dom-komuna'. They would serve to house the proletarian masses and aimed to
influence the social behaviour of its inhabitants. Most of the activities which previously were
part of private life, took place in common kitchens, canteens, launderettes or nurseries.
48 ThisisHybrid
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-4 Ch'n. S.O.
M*medo. Moisej
Ginzburg. Franco
AngcW Editori.
MII,n, 1975.
PI' 126-127
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Diferentes iniciativas
o
o
Social Condenser
o Edificios residenciales con un programa de servicios asociado a las viviendas
o Iniciativa publica
o Situacion aislada en la trama urbana
o Utilizacion exclusiva del programa de servicios por parte de los residentes
Social Condenser
o Residential buildings with a service programme associated to the dwellings
o Public initiative
o Isolated location in the urban fabric
o Exclusive use of the service programme by residents
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