Bi 3

Bin, Ton t v Kiu d liu

Mc tiu:
Kt thc bi hc ny, bn c th:
S dng bin, kiu d liu v biu thc s hc.
Phn I Trong thi gian 1 gi 30 pht u:
3.1

Bin
Nh chng ta bit, Bin l tn t cho v tr b nh my tnh, c th dng lu tr cc gi
tr khc nhau ti nhng thi im khc nhau. Trong chng ny, ch yu chng ta s hc cch
to v s dng bin.

3.1.1

To bin
To bin bao gm vic to kiu d liu v tn hp l cho bin, v d:
int currentVal;
Trong v d trn, tn bin l currentVal c kiu d liu l s nguyn (integer).

3.2

Kiu d liu
Kiu d liu nh ngha loi gi tr m s c lu trong mt bin no , v d:
int currentVal;
Trong v d trn int ch rng bin currentVal s lu gi tr kiu s nguyn (integer).

3.3

Biu thc s hc
Mt biu thc s hc trong C bao gm mt tn bin nm pha bn tri ca du =, tn bin
hoc hng nm bn phi du =. Bin v hng nm bn phi ca du = c ni vi nhau
bi nhng ton t s hc nh +, -, *, v /. Th d,
delta = alpha * beta / gamma + 3.2 * 2 / 5;
By gi chng ta xt mt chng trnh tnh tin li n gin nh sau
V d 1:
1. Gi trnh son tho nhp nhng cu lnh cho chng trnh C.
2. To ra mt tp tin mi.
3. Nhp vo on m sau:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()

Bin,Ton t v Kiu d liu

37

int principal, period;

float rate, si;
principal = 1000;
period = 3;
rate = 8.5;
si = principal * period * rate / 100;

printf(%f, si);

thy kt qu u ra, thc hin tip cc bc sau:

4. Lu tp tin vi tn myprogramI.C.
5. Bin dch tp tin myprogramI.C.
6. Thc thi chng trnh myprogramI.C.
7. Tr v trnh son tho.
Mu kt xut cho chng trnh trn nh hnh sau:

Hnh 3.1: Kt qu ca myprogramI.C

V d 2:
1. To mt tp tin mi.
2. G vo m sau:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, c, sum;
printf(\nEnter any three numbers: );
scanf(%d %d %d, &a, &b, &c);
sum = a + b + c;

38

Lp trnh c bn C

printf(\n Sum = %d, sum);

3. Lu tp tin vi tn myprogramII.C.
4. Bin dch tp tin myprogramII.C.
5. Thc thi chng trnh myprogramII.C.
6. Tr v trnh son tho.
Mu kt qu u ra ca chng trnh trn nh hnh sau:

Hnh 3.2: Kt qu ca myprogramII.C

Bin,Ton t v Kiu d liu

39

Phn II Trong thi gian 30 pht k tip:

1. Vit mt chng trnh nhp vo mt s v tnh bnh phng ca s .
Hng dn: Thc hin theo cc bc sau:
a. Nhp vo mt s.
b. Nhn s vi chnh n v hin th kt qu .

40

Lp trnh c bn C

Bi tp t lm
1. Vit chng trnh tnh din tch v chu vi ca mt vng trn.
2. Vit chng trnh nhp lng v tui ca mt ngi v hin th cc s va nhp ra mn hnh.

Bin,Ton t v Kiu d liu

41

42

Lp trnh c bn C