EX NO: 9

HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION WITHOUT USING INBUILT FUNCTION

clear;
clc;
I=imread('cameraman.tif');
I=double(I);
maximum_value=max((max(I)));
[row col]=size(I);
c=row*col;
h=zeros(1,300);
z=zeros(1,300);
for n=1:row
for m=1:col
if I(n,m) == 0
I(n,m)=1;
end
end
end
for n=1:row
for m=1:col
t = I(n,m);
h(t) = h(t) + 1;
end
end
pdf = h/c;
cdf(1) = pdf(1);
for x=2:maximum_value
cdf(x) = pdf(x) + cdf(x-1);
end
new = round(cdf * maximum_value);
new= new + 1;
for p=1:row
for q=1:col
temp=I(p,q);
b(p,q)=new(temp);
t=b(p,q);
z(t)=z(t)+1;
end
end
b=b-1;
subplot(2,2,1);
imshow(uint8(I)) , title(' Image1');
subplot(2,2,2), bar(h) , title('Histogram of the Original Image');
subplot(2,2,3), imshow(uint8(b)) , title('Image2');

subplot(2,2,4), bar(z) , title('Histogram Equalisation of image2');

HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION USING INBUILT FUNCTION
img1=imread('cameraman.tif');
equalised=histeq(img1);
subplot(221);imshow(img1);title('Original Image');
subplot(222);imhist(img1);title('Original Image Histogram');
subplot(223);imshow(equalised);title('Equalised Image');
subplot(224);imhist(equalised);title('Equalised Image Histogram');

OUTPUT
HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION WITHOUT INBUILT FUNCTION

HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION WITH INBUILT FUNCTION

EX 10
EDGE DETECTION

img1=imread('cameraman.tif');
img2=edge(img1,'canny');
img3=edge(img1,'log');
img4=edge(img1,'prewitt');
img5=edge(img1,'roberts');
img6=edge(img1,'sobel');
img7=edge(img1,'zerocross');
subplot(421);
imshow(img1);
title('original');
subplot(422);
imshow(img2);
title('canny');
subplot(423);
imshow(img3);
title('log');
subplot(424);
imshow(img4);
title('prewitt');
subplot(425);
imshow(img5);
title('roberts');
subplot(426);
imshow(img6);
title('sobel');
subplot(427);
imshow(img7);
title('zerocross');

OUTPUT:
EDGE DETECTION

EX 11
FREQUENCY DOMAIN FILTERS
BUTTERWORTH LOWPASS FILTER

clear;
clc;
img=imread('Coins.png');
[X,Y]=size(img);
N=input('Order of Filter=');
x=ceil(X/2);
y=ceil(Y/2);
rad=26;
for i=1:X
for j=1:Y
d(i,j)=sqrt((i-x).^2+(j-y).^2);
h(i,j)=1/(1+((d(i,j))/rad).^(2*N));
end
end
fft1=fftshift(fft2(img));
fil=h.*fft1;
fin=ifft2(fil);
fin1=uint8(fin);
subplot(221);
imshow(img);
title('Original');
subplot(222);
imshow(fin1);
title('After LPF');
subplot(223);
surf(h);
title('LPF in 3D');
subplot(224);
imshow(h);
title('LPF as Image');
BUTTERWORTH HIGH PASS FILTER
clear;
clc;
img=imread('Coins.png');
[X,Y]=size(img);
N=input('Order of Filter=');
x=ceil(X/2);
y=ceil(Y/2);
rad=26;
for i=1:X
for j=1:Y
d(i,j)=sqrt((i-x).^2+(j-y).^2);
h(i,j)=1-(1/(1+((d(i,j))/rad).^(2*N)));

end
end
fft1=fftshift(fft2(img));
fil=h.*fft1;
fin=ifft2(fil);
fin1=uint8(fin);
subplot(221);
imshow(img);
title('Original');
subplot(222);
imshow(fin1);
title('After HPF');
subplot(223);
surf(h);
title('HPF in 3D');
subplot(224);
imshow(h);
title('HPF as Image');
IDEAL LOW PASS FILTER
clear;
clc;
img=imread('Coins.png');
[X,Y]=size(img);
N=input('Order of Filter=');
x=ceil(X/2);
y=ceil(Y/2);
rad=26;
for i=1:X
for j=1:Y
d(i,j)=sqrt((i-x).^2+(j-y).^2);
if d(i,j)<=rad
h(i,j)=1;
else
h(i,j)=0;
end
end
end
fft1=fftshift(fft2(img));
fil=h.*fft1;
fin=ifft2(fil);
fin1=uint8(fin);
subplot(221);

imshow(img);
title('Original');
subplot(222);
imshow(fin1);
title('After Ideal LPF');
subplot(223);
surf(h);
title('Ideal LPF in 3D');
subplot(224);
imshow(h);
title('Ideal LPF as Image');
IDEAL HIGH PASS FILTER
clear;
clc;
img=imread('Coins.png');
[X,Y]=size(img);
N=input('Order of Filter=');
x=ceil(X/2);
y=ceil(Y/2);
rad=26;
for i=1:X
for j=1:Y
d(i,j)=sqrt((i-x).^2+(j-y).^2);
if d(i,j)<=rad
h(i,j)=0;
else
h(i,j)=1;
end
end
end
fft1=fftshift(fft2(img));
fil=h.*fft1;
fin=ifft2(fil);
fin1=uint8(fin);
subplot(221);
imshow(img);
title('Original');
subplot(222);
imshow(fin1);
title('After Ideal HPF');
subplot(223);
surf(h);

title('Ideal HPF in 3D');

subplot(224);
imshow(h);
title('Ideal HPF as Image');
GAUSSIAN LOW PASS FILTER:
clear;
clc;
img=imread('Coins.png');
[X,Y]=size(img);
N=input('Order of Filter=');
x=ceil(X/2);
y=ceil(Y/2);
rad=26;
for i=1:X
for j=1:Y
d(i,j)=sqrt((i-x).^2+(j-y).^2);
h(i,j)=exp(-(d(i,j).^2)/(2*((rad).^2)));
end
end
fft1=fftshift(fft2(img));
fil=h.*fft1;
fin=ifft2(fil);
fin1=uint8(fin);
subplot(221);
imshow(img);
title('Original');
subplot(222);
imshow(fin1);
title('After Gaussian LPF');
subplot(223);
surf(h);
title('Gaussian LPF in 3D');
subplot(224);
imshow(h);
title('Gaussian LPF as Image');
GAUSSIAN HIGH PASS FILTER:
clear;
clc;
img=imread('Coins.png');
[X,Y]=size(img);
N=input('Order of Filter=');
x=ceil(X/2);

y=ceil(Y/2);
rad=26;
for i=1:X
for j=1:Y
d(i,j)=sqrt((i-x).^2+(j-y).^2);
h(i,j)=1-exp(-(d(i,j).^2)/(2*((rad).^2)));
end
end
fft1=fftshift(fft2(img));
fil=h.*fft1;
fin=ifft2(fil);
fin1=uint8(fin);
subplot(221);
imshow(img);
title('Original');
subplot(222);
imshow(fin1);
title('After Gaussian HPF');
subplot(223);
surf(h);
title('Gaussian HPF in 3D');
subplot(224);
imshow(h);
title('Gaussian HPF as Image');

OUTPUT:
BUTTERWORTH LOWPASS FILTER

BUTTERWORTH HIGHPASS FILTER

IDEAL LOWPASS FILTER

IDEAL HIGHPASS FILTER

GAUSSIAN LOWPASS FILTER

GAUSSIAN LOWPASS FILTER

EX 12

DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM

USING HAAR
clc;
clear;
img1=imread('pout.tif');
[p,q,r,s]=dwt2(img1,'haar');
wav1=[p,q;r,s];
[p1,q1,r1,s1]=dwt2(p,'haar');
wav2=[p1,q1;r1,s1];
wav3=idwt2(p1,q1,r1,s1,'haar');
subplot(221),imshow(img1),title('Original');
subplot(222),imshow(wav1,[]),title('DWT Decimation');
subplot(223),imshow(wav2,[]),title('DWT Decimation');
subplot(224),imshow(wav3,[]),title('Reconstructed');
USING DOUBECHIES
clc;
clear;
img1=imread('pout.tif');
[p,q,r,s]=dwt2(img1,'db3');
wav1=[p,q;r,s];
[p1,q1,r1,s1]=dwt2(p,'db3');
wav2=[p1,q1;r1,s1];
wav3=idwt2(p1,q1,r1,s1,'db3');
subplot(221),imshow(img1),title('Original');
subplot(222),imshow(wav1,[]),title('Daubechies DWT Decimation');
subplot(223),imshow(wav2,[]),title('Daubechies DWT Decimation');
subplot(224),imshow(wav3,[]),title('Daubechies Reconstructed');
USING BIORTHOGONAL
clc;
clear;
img1=imread('pout.tif');
[p,q,r,s]=dwt2(img1,'bior3.5');
wav1=[p,q;r,s];
[p1,q1,r1,s1]=dwt2(p,'bior3.5');
wav2=[p1,q1;r1,s1];
wav3=idwt2(p1,q1,r1,s1,'bior3.5');
subplot(221),imshow(img1),title('Original');
subplot(222),imshow(wav1,[]),title('Biorthogonal DWT Decimation');
subplot(223),imshow(wav2,[]),title('Biorthogonal DWT Decimation');
subplot(224),imshow(wav3,[]),title('Biorthogonal Reconstructed');
OUTPUT
USING HAAR

USING DOUBECHIES

USING BIORTHOGONAL

EX 13
WATERSHED TRANSFORM

clc;
clear;
img1=checkerboard(40);
img2=imnoise(img1,'salt & pepper',0.1);
wa1=watershed_old(img1,6);
wa2=watershed_old(img2,6);
subplot(221),imshow(img1),title('Image 1');
subplot(222),imshow(img2),title('Image 2');
subplot(223),imshow(wa1),title('Watershed of Image 1');
subplot(224),imshow(wa2),title('Watershed of Image 2');
OUTPUT

EX 14
COLOR IMAGE PROCESSING
img1=imread('peppers.png');

subplot(551);
imshow(img1);
title('Original image');
img2=rgb2hsv(img1);
subplot(552);
imshow(img2);
title('HSV');
img3=rgb2ycbcr(img1);
subplot(553);
imshow(img3);
title('YCBCR');
img4=rgb2ntsc(img1);
subplot(554);
imshow(img4);
title('NTSC');
img5=img1(: , : , 1);
subplot(555);
imshow(img5);
img6=img1(: , : , 2);
subplot(556);
imshow(img6);
img7=img1(: , : , 3);
subplot(557);
imshow(img7);
img8=img2(: , : ,1);
subplot(558);
imshow(img8);
title('HUE');
img9=img2(: , :, 2);
subplot(559);
imshow(img9);
title('SATURATION');
img10=img2(: , : , 3);
subplot(5,5,10);
imshow(img10);
title('VALUE');
Red=img1;Blue=img1;Green=img1;
Red(:,:,2:3)=0;
subplot(5,5,11);
imshow(Red);
title('RED COMPONENT');
Green(:,:,1)=0;
subplot(5,5,12);
imshow(Green);

title('GREEN COMPONENT');
Blue(:,:,1:2)=0;
subplot(5,5,13);
imshow(Blue);
title('BLUE COMPONENT');
j=img3(: ,: ,1);
subplot(5,5,14);
imshow(j);
title('Y COMPONENT');
k=img3(: ,: ,2);
subplot(5,5,15);
imshow(k);
title('CB COMPONENT');
l=img3(: ,: ,3);
subplot(5,5,16);
imshow(l);
title('CR COMPONENT');
OUTPUT
CONVERSION BETWEEN COLOR SPACE

EX 15
IMAGE TYPE CONVERSION
img1=imread('onion.png');
img2=double(img1);
img3=makecform('srgb2lab');
img4=applycform(img2,img3);
subplot(331);

imshow(img4);
title('SRGB2LAB');
img5temp=makecform('lab2srgb');
img5=applycform(img2,img5temp);
subplot(332);
imshow(img5);
title('LAB2SRGB');
img6temp=makecform('srgb2xyz');
img6=applycform(img2,img6temp);
subplot(333);
imshow(img6);
title('SRGB2XYZ');
img7temp=makecform('uvl2xyz');
img7=applycform(img2,img7temp);
subplot(334);
imshow(img7);
title('UVL2XYZ');
img8temp=makecform('lch2lab');
img8=applycform(img2,img8temp);
subplot(335);
imshow(img8);
title('LCH2LAB');
img9temp=makecform('lab2lch');
img9=applycform(img2,img9temp);
subplot(336);
imshow(img9);
title('LAB2LCH');
img10temp=makecform('xyz2uvl');
img10=applycform(img2,img10temp);
subplot(337);
imshow(img10);
title('XYZ2UVL');
img11temp=makecform('xyl2xyz');
img11=applycform(img2,img11temp);
subplot(338);
imshow(img11);
title('XYL2XYZ');
img12temp=makecform('xyz2lab');
img12=applycform(img2,img12temp);
subplot(339);
imshow(img12);
title('XYZ2LAB');
CMPERMUTE

load trees
hsvmap=rgb2hsv(map);
[dum,index]=sort(hsvmap(:,3));
[Y,newmap]=cmpermute(X,map,index);
figure;
subplot(221);
image(X);
colormap(map);
title('Original image');
subplot(222);
rgbplot(map);
title('RGB plot of map');
subplot(223);
image(Y);
colormap(newmap);
title('Image after cmpermute');
subplot(224);
rgbplot(newmap);
title('Image after cmpermute');
subplot(224);
rgbplot(newmap);
title('RGB plot of image after cmpermute');
CMUNIQUE
load trees
subplot(121);
image(X);
colormap(map);
title('Original image');
axis off;
axis image;
[Y,newmap]=cmunique(X,map);
subplot(122);
image(Y);
colormap(newmap);
title('Image after cmunique');
axis off;
axis image;
CMAPPROX
load trees
subplot(121);
image(X);
colormap(map);

title('Original image');
axis off;
axis image;
[Y,newmap]=imapprox(X,map,0.5)
subplot(122);
image(Y);
colormap(newmap);
title('Image after cmapprox');
axis off;
axis image;
OUTPUT
IMAGE TYPE CONVERSION

CMPERMUTE

CMUNIQUE

CMAPPROX