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BRITISH STANDARD

Methods of testing
cement

Licensed Copy: porx6sek porx6sek, January 22, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Part 3: Determination of setting time

and soundness

The European Standard EN 196-3:1994 has the status of a

British Standard

BS EN
196-3:1995

BS EN 196-3:1995

Cooperating organizations

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The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision

this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards
organizations of the following countries:
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom

Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut
Institut belge de normalisation
Dansk Standard
Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y.
Association franaise de normalisation
Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V.
Hellenic Organization for Standardization
Technological Institute of Iceland
National Standards Authority of Ireland
Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
Inspection du Travail et des Mines
Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut
Norges Standardiseringsforbund
Instituto Portugus da Qualidade
Asociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certificacin
Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige
Association suisse de normalisation
British Standards Institution

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Technical
Committee B/516, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect on
15 March 1995

Amendments issued since publication

BSI 01-1999

Amd. No.

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/516
Special announcement in
BSI News December 1992
ISBN 0 580 21519 9

Date

Comments

BS EN 196-3:1995

Contents
Cooperating organizations
National foreword
Foreword
Text of EN 196-3

2
3
Inside back cover
Inside back cover
Inside back cover

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National annex NA (informative) Determination of

standard consistence
National annex NB (informative) Committees responsible
National annex NC (informative) Cross-references

Page
Inside front cover
ii

BSI 01-1999

BS EN 196-3:1995

National foreword

Licensed Copy: porx6sek porx6sek, January 22, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of Technical
Committee B/516, Cement and lime. It is the English language version
of EN 196-3:1994 Methods of testing cement Part 3: Determination of setting
time and soundness published by the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN). EN 196-3 was drawn up by CEN Technical Committee 51, Cement and
building limes, as Part 3 of a series on testing cement which was originally
accepted by CEN on 15 November 1985 and made available on 12 May 1987. The
UK gave a negative vote at the final voting stage and, under the CEN Rules then
in force, was not obliged to implement this Part. A second formal vote was taken
in November 1992 when the UK again gave a negative vote but, under the CEN
Rules now in force, is obliged to implement this Part. This British Standard
supersedes BS 4550-3.5:1978, BS 4550-3.6:1978 and BS 4550-3.7:1978 which are
withdrawn.
The methods described in this standard retain the use of the familiar Vicat and
le Chatelier apparatus. The UK negative votes on this Part were due to the fact
that the draft European Standard contained certain errors, some of which remain
in the 1994 text, e.g. the minimum laboratory relative humidity in 4.1 should
be 50 % to accord with EN 196-1. Furthermore, the requirement in 7.1.3 for a
minimum relative humidity of 98 % is inappropriate as values at this level can
neither be measured nor controlled with any precision. The lengths of the
standard consistence plunger and of the setting time needles are not critical
where the Vicat apparatus is calibrated in advance of the test (see 5.2.3 and 6.2).
However, for convenience in use, they should be of the same length
within 1 mm. Hence, in the typical illustrations shown in Figure 1, the needle
lengths in (d) and (e) should be shown to the upper shoulder of the cone.
The Vicat mould is specified in 5.1 to be of hard rubber but moulds of metal may
be used provided that .... they can be shown to give the same test results. Such
data are available in the UK enabling metal moulds to be used.
In the test for standard consistence, 5.2.3 requires repeat tests with pastes
containing different water contents until one is found to produce a distance
between plunger and base-plate of (6 1) mm. The UK procedure for meeting
this requirement is given in national annex NA.
BS 4550-3.7:1978 included a soundness test for supersulfated cement, based on
immersion in cold water, which does not appear in EN 196-3. This procedure is
being retained in an appendix to BS 4248:1974.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
ii

BSI 01-1999

EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 196-3

NORME EUROPENNE
EUROPISCHE NORM

December 1994

ICS 91.100.10

Supersedes EN 196-3:1987

Descriptors: Cements, tests, determination, setting time, consistence, stability

English version

Methods of testing cement

Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness

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Mthodes dessai des ciments

Partie 3: Dtermination du temps de prise et
de la stabilit

Prfverfahren fr Zement
Teil 3: Bestimmung der Erstarrungszeiten und
der Raumbestndigkeit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-12-12. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comit Europen de Normalisation
Europisches Komitee fr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. EN 196-3:1994 E

EN 196-3:1994

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Foreword
This European Standard was drawn up by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 51, Cement and
building limes, of which the secretariat is held
by IBN.
The European Standard on the methods of testing
cement comprises the following Parts:
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement
Part 1: Determination of strength.
EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement
Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement.
EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement
Part 3: Determination of setting time and
soundness.
ENV 196-4, Methods of testing cement
Part 4: Quantitative determination of constituents.
EN 196-5, Methods of testing cement
Part 5: Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cements.
EN 196-6, Methods of testing cement
Part 6: Determination of fineness.
EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement
Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of
cement.
EN 196-21, Methods of testing cement
Part 21: Determination of chloride, carbon dioxide
and alkali content of cement.
This European Standard shall be given the status of
a National Standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
June 1995, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by June 1995.
This European standard supersedes EN 196-3:1987.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the following countries are bound to
implement this European Standard: Austria,
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom.

Contents
Foreword
1
Scope
2
Normative references
3
Test principles
4
General requirements for testing
5
Standard consistence test
6
Setting time test
7
Soundness test
Figure 1 Vicat apparatus for
determining the standard consistence
and setting time of cement
Figure 2 Le Chatelier apparatus for the
determination of soundness of cements

Page
2
3
3
3
3
3
6
7

4
8

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EN 196-3:1994

1 Scope
This European Standard describes the methods for
determining setting time and soundness of cements.
It is applicable to all cements covered by ENV 197-1.
This standard describes the reference procedure; it
allows the use of alternative procedures as indicated
in notes provided that they do not affect the results
significantly. In the event of a dispute, only the
reference procedure described in this standard shall
be used, excluding any alternatives.

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2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited
at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references, the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement
Part 1: Determination of strength.
ENV 197-1, Cement Composition, specifications
and conformity criteria Part 1: Common cements.

3 Test principles
The setting time is determined by observing the
penetration of a needle into cement paste of
standard consistence until it reaches a specified
value.
The soundness is determined by observing the
volume expansion of cement paste of standard
consistence as indicated by the relative movement of
two needles.
Cement paste of standard consistence has a
specified resistance to penetration by a standard
plunger. The water required for such a paste is
determined by trial penetrations of pastes with
different water contents.

4 General requirements for testing

4.1 Laboratory
The laboratory in which specimens are prepared
and tested shall be maintained at a temperature
of (20 2) C and a relative humidity of not less
than 65 %.

4.2.2 Graduated cylinder or burette, capable of

measuring to the nearest 1 % of the volume
measured.
4.2.3 Mixer, conforming to EN 196-1.
4.3 Materials
4.3.1 Distilled or deionized water shall be used for
making, storing and boiling specimens.
NOTE Other water may be used provided that it can be shown
to give the same test results.

4.3.2 Cement, water and apparatus used to make

and test specimens shall be at a temperature
of (20 2) C.

5 Standard consistence test

5.1 Apparatus
Use the Vicat apparatus as shown in Figure 1(a) and
Figure 1(b) with the plunger shown in Figure 1(c).
The plunger [Figure 1(c)] shall be of non-corrodible
metal in the form of a right cylinder of (50 1) mm
effective length and of (10,00 0,05) mm diameter.
The total mass of moving parts shall be (300 1) g.
Their movement shall be truly vertical and without
appreciable friction, and their axis shall coincide
with that of the plunger.
The Vicat mould [see Figure 1(a)] to contain the
paste under test shall be of hard rubber. It shall be
of truncated conical form (40,0 0,2) mm deep and
shall have internal diameters at top and bottom
of (70 5) mm and (80 5) mm respectively. It shall
be adequately rigid and shall be provided with a
plane glass base-plate larger than the mould and at
least 2,5 mm thick.
NOTE Moulds of metal or plastics or of cylindrical form may be
used provided that they are of the specified depth and that they
can be shown to give the same test results as the specified hard
rubber mould of truncated conical form.

5.2 Procedure
5.2.1 Mixing the cement paste
Weigh, to the nearest 1 g, 500 g of cement. Weigh a
quantity of water, e.g. 125 g, in the mixer bowl or
measure the water from the graduated cylinder or
burette and place it into the mixer bowl.
Add the cement carefully to the water in order to
avoid loss of water or cement. The time of addition
shall be not less than 5 s nor more than 10 s. Note
the time of completion of the addition as zero time
from which later measurements of time shall be
made. Start the mixer immediately and run at low
speed for 90 s.

4.2 Apparatus
4.2.1 Balance, capable of weighing to the
nearest 1 g.

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Licensed Copy: porx6sek porx6sek, January 22, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

EN 196-3:1994

NOTE The specified dimensions have to be observed. If the plunger, needle and needle with attachment are all adjusted to have
the same mass, e.g. (9 0,5) g, one correcting weight is sufficient for each apparatus.

Figure 1 Vicat apparatus for determining the standard consistence

and setting time of cement

BSI 01-1999

Licensed Copy: porx6sek porx6sek, January 22, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

EN 196-3:1994

NOTE The specified dimensions have to observed. If the plunger, needle and needle with attachment are all adjusted to have the
same mass, e.g. (9 0,5) g, one correcting weight is sufficient for each apparatus.

Figure 1 Vicat apparatus for determining the standard consistence

and setting time of cement (concluded)
Stop the machine after 90 s for 15 s during which
remove with a suitable scraper any paste adhering
to the bowl outside the mixing zone and return it to
the mix. Restart the machine and run at low speed
for a further 90 s. The total mixer running time shall
be 3 min.
NOTE Any other mixing method, whether by machine or hand,
may be used provided that it can be shown to give the same test
results as the specified method.

5.2.2 Filling the mould

Transfer the paste immediately to the mould, which
has previously been placed on a lightly greased
plane glass base-plate, and fill it to excess without
undue compaction or vibration. Remove the excess
by a gentle sawing motion with a straight-edged
implement in such a way as to leave the paste filling
the mould and having a smooth upper surface.
5.2.3 Penetration test
Calibrate the Vicat apparatus with the plunger
[Figure 1(c)], attached in advance of the test, by
lowering the plunger to rest on the base-plate to be
used and adjusting the pointer to read zero on the
scale. Raise the plunger to the stand-by position.

BSI 01-1999

Immediately after levelling the paste, transfer the

mould and base-plate to the Vicat apparatus and
position it centrally under the plunger. Lower the
plunger gently until it is in contact with the paste.
Pause in that position for between 1 s and 2 s in
order to avoid initial velocity or forced acceleration
of the moving parts. Then release the moving parts
quickly and allow the plunger to penetrate
vertically into the centre of the paste. The release of
the plunger shall occur 4 min after zero time. Read
the scale when penetration has ceased or 30 s after
the release of the plunger, whichever is the earlier.
Record the scale reading, which indicates the
distance between the bottom face of the plunger and
the base-plate, together with the water content of
the paste expressed as a percentage by mass of the
cement. Clean the plunger immediately after each
penetration.
Repeat the test with pastes containing different
water contents until one is found to produce a
distance between plunger and base-plate
of (6 1) mm. Record the water content of that paste
to the nearest 0,5 % as the water for standard
consistence.

EN 196-3:1994

6 Setting time test

6.1 Apparatus
6.1.1 Room or humidity cabinet
A room or a humidity cabinet of adequate size and
maintained at (20 1) C and not less than 90 %
relative humidity.
NOTE Provided that it can be shown to give the same test
results, a water-bath capable of maintaining filled moulds in
water at (20 1) C may be used.

6.1.2 Vicat apparatus for initial set

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Remove the plunger and replace it by the needle

[Figure 1(d)] which shall be of steel and in the form
of a right cylinder of effective length (50 1) mm and
diameter (1,13 0,05) mm. The total mass of moving
parts shall be (300 1) g. Their movement shall be
truly vertical and without appreciable friction, and
their axis shall coincide with that of the needle.
NOTE Automatic setting time machines are commercially
available and may be used provided that they can be shown to
give the same test results as the specified apparatus and
procedure.

6.2 Determination of initial setting time

Calibrate the Vicat apparatus with the needle
[Figure 1(d)], attached in advance of the test, by
lowering the needle to rest on the base-plate to be
used and adjusting the pointer to read zero on the
scale. Raise the needle to the stand-by position.
Fill a Vicat mould with paste of standard
consistence and level it, in accordance with 5.2.1
and 5.2.2.
Place the filled mould and base-plate in the room or
humidity cabinet specified in 6.1.1 and, after a
suitable time, transfer to the Vicat apparatus and
position under the needle. Lower the needle gently
until it is in contact with the paste. Pause in that
position for between 1 s and 2 s in order to avoid
initial velocity or forced acceleration of the moving
parts. Then release the moving parts quickly and
allow the needle to penetrate vertically into the
paste. Read the scale when penetration has ceased,
or 30 s after the release of the needle, whichever is
the earlier.

Record the scale reading, which indicates the

distance between the end of the needle and the
base-plate, together with the time from zero. Repeat
the penetration test on the same specimen at
conveniently spaced positions, not less than 10 mm
from the rim of the mould or from each other, at
conveniently spaced intervals of time, e.g. at 10 min
intervals. Between penetration tests keep the
specimen in a room or humidity cabinet as specified
in 6.1.1. Clean the Vicat needle immediately after
each penetration. Record the time measured from
zero at which the distance between the needle and
the base-plate is (4 1) mm as the initial setting
time of the cement to the nearest 5 min. The
required accuracy may be assured by reducing the
time interval between penetration tests near the
end-point and observing that successive results do
not fluctuate excessively.
6.3 Determination of final setting time
Invert the filled mould used in 6.2 on its base-plate
so that the tests for final set are made on the face of
the specimen originally in contact with the
base-plate. Fit the needle with a ring attachment
[Figure 1(e)] to facilitate accurate observation of
small penetrations. Use the procedure described
in 6.2. The intervals of time between penetration
tests may be increased to e.g. 30 min.
Between penetration tests keep the specimen in a
room or humidity cabinet as specified in 6.1.1. Clean
the Vicat needle immediately after each
penetration.
Record, to the nearest 15 min, the time measured
from zero at which the needle first penetrates
only 0,5 mm into the specimen as the final setting
time of the cement. This time is that at which the
ring attachment first fails to mark the specimen and
may be accurately established by reducing the time
interval between tests near the end-point and
observing that successive test results do not
fluctuate excessively.

BSI 01-1999

EN 196-3:1994

7 Soundness test

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7.1 Apparatus
7.1.1 Le Chatelier apparatus. The mould shall be of
spring brass with indicator needles and shall have
the dimensions shown in Figure 2(a). The resilience
of the mould shall be such that the action of a mass
of 300 g applied as shown in Figure 2(c) shall
increase the distance between the indicator ends of
the needles by (17,5 2,5) mm without permanent
deformation.
A pair of plane glass base and cover plates shall be
provided for each mould. Each plate shall be larger
than the mould. The cover plate shall weigh at
least 75 g; an additional small mass may be placed
on a thin plate to satisfy this requirement.
7.1.2 Water-bath, with means of heating, capable of
containing immersed Le Chatelier specimens and of
raising the temperature of the water
from (20 2) C to boiling in (30 5) min.
7.1.3 Humidity cabinet, of adequate size and
maintained at (20 1) C and not less than 98 %
relative humidity.
7.2 Procedure
Carry out the test simultaneously on two specimens
from the same batch of cement paste.
Prepare a cement paste of standard consistence.
Place a lightly oiled Le Chatelier mould on the
lightly oiled base-plate and fill it immediately
without undue compaction or vibration using only
the hands and a straight-edged implement, if
desired, to level the top surface. During filling,
prevent, the split in the mould from accidentally
opening e.g. by gentle pressure with the fingers or
by tying or by use of a suitable rubber band.
Cover the mould with the lightly oiled cover plate,
add the additional mass, if necessary, and then
immediately place the complete apparatus in the
humidity cabinet. Maintain it for (24 0,5) h
at (20 1) C and not less than 98 % relative
humidity.

At the end of the (24 0,5) h period measure the

distance (A) between the indicator points to the
nearest 0,5 mm. Then heat the mould gradually to
boiling during (30 5) min and maintain the
water-bath at boiling temperature for 3 h 5 min.
NOTE 2 Where it can be shown that the expansion after a
shorter boiling period is the same as that after 3 h, such a shorter
period may be used.

At the end of the boiling period the distance (B)

between the indicator points may be measured to
the nearest 0,5 mm.
Allow the mould to cool to (20 2) C. Measure the
distance (C) between the indicator points to the
nearest 0,5 mm.
For each specimen, record the measurements A
and C and calculate the difference C A.
Calculate the mean of the two values of C A to the
nearest 0,5 mm.
7.3 Interpretation
The main purpose of the soundness test is to assess
the possible risk of late expansion due to hydration
of uncombined calcium oxide and/or magnesium
oxide. For this purpose report the mean
difference C A.
NOTE Where it can be shown that the conditions of the test
lead to no significant difference between measurements B and C,
the difference B A may be reported since this reduces the time
needed for the test.

7.4 Retest
Should the fresh cement fail to comply with the
specified soundness requirement it may be retested
after storage. For this purpose, spread out the
cement in a layer of 7 cm thickness and store it
for 7 days in an atmosphere maintained
at (20 2) C and not less than 65 % relative
humidity. Then retest the cement according to 7.2.

NOTE 1 Provided that it can be shown to give the same test

results, the mould may be placed, between its glass plates, with
the additional mass, if necessary, in a water-bath and
maintained under water for (24 0,5) h at (20 1) C.

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EN 196-3:1994

Figure 2 Le Chatelier apparatus for the determination of soundness of cements

BSI 01-1999

BS EN 196-3:1995
National annex NA (informative)
Determination of standard consistence
In order to meet the requirement of 5.2.3 to find a paste which produces a distance between plunger and
base-plate of (6 1) mm, the following procedure should be adopted.
Follow the procedure in 5.2 using a paste consisting of 500 g of the cement and a selected. quantity of water,
e.g. 125 g. If this gives a distance from the base-plate of (6 1) mm record the water content of this paste
to the nearest 0.5 % as the water for standard consistence.
If the first paste gives a distance from the base-plate outside the range (6 1) mm, prepare another paste
with a greater or smaller quantity of water as appropriate. If this gives a distance from the base-plate
of (6 1) mm record the water content of this second paste to the nearest 0.5 % as the water for standard
consistence.
If this second paste gives a distance from the base-plate outside the range of (6 1) mm, prepare a third
paste with a greater or smaller quantity of water as appropriate. If this gives a distance from the base-plate
of (6 1) mm record the water content of this third paste to the nearest 0.5 % as the water for standard
consistence.
If this third paste gives a distance from the base-plate outside the range of (6 1) mm, interpolate, from
the three readings already obtained (providing at least one lies at each end of the range of (6 1) mm), the
water content required for a distance from the base-plate of 6 mm and record this value to the nearest 0,5 %
as the water for standard consistence.
NOTE

Any test in which the plunger fails to penetrate the paste, or penetrates the paste to rest on the base-plate, should be ignored.

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National annex NB (informative)

Committees responsible
The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by
Technical Committee B/516 Cement and lime, to Subcommittee B/516/4, upon which the following bodies
were represented:
British Cement Association
British Civil Engineering Test Equipment Manufacturers Association
British Ready Mixed Concrete Association
Cementitious Slag Makers Association
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Electricity Association
Quality Ash Association
Society of Chemical Industry

National annex NC (informative)

Cross-references
The British Standards corresponding to the European Standards referred to in the text are identical in
number and title with those given in clause 2.

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Licensed Copy: porx6sek porx6sek, January 22, 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
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