Biology Paper 1, 2, 3 Trial SPM 2011 MRSM

SULIT
4551/1
Biology
Paper 1
September
2011
4551/1
1 jam
MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA
SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

TRIAL EXAMINATION 2011
BIOLOGY
Kertas 1
4
5
5
1
Satu jam lima belas minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1.
Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.
2.
Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa
Melayu.
3.
Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang buku soalan.
This booklet consists of 35 printed pages and 1 unprinted pages
[Lihat halaman sebelah

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4551/1
2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan
Menengah MARA
www.myschoolchildren.com
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Diagram 1 shows an animal cell.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan sejenis sel haiwan.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
What is organelle P?
Apakah organel P?
A
Nucleus
Nukleus
B
Mitokondria
Golgi apparatus
Alat Golgi
Mitochondrion
Lysosome
Lisosom
Diagram 2 shows a mesophyll cell of a leaf.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sel mesofil bagi daun.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
What is the content of the part labelled Q?
Apakah yang terkandung di dalam bahagian berlabel Q?
A
Nucleoplasm
Nukleoplasma
B
Cell sap
Sap sel
Air sac
Rongga udara
Cytoplasm
Sitoplasma
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Diagram 3 shows a banana plant.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebatang pokok pisang.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
What is structure Y?
Apakah struktur Y?
A
A cell
Sel
B
A tissue
Organ
D
Tisu
An organ
A system
Sistem
Which of the following substance can pass through plasma membrane by simple
diffusion?
Yang manakah di antara bahan berikut boleh melalui membran plasma secara resapan
ringkas?
A
Water
Air
Oxygen
Oksigen
Glucose
Glukosa
Sodium ion
Ion natrium
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Diagram 4 shows the transport of water molecule through process Y in a unicellular

organism.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan proses pengangkutan molekul air melalui proses Y pada sejenis
organisma unisel.
H2 O
Process Y
Proses Y
H2 O
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
What is process Y?
Apakah proses Y?
A
Facilitated diffusion
Resapan berbantu
B
Resapan ringkas
Active transport
Pengangkutan aktif
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Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Osmosis
Which of the following is true about the enzyme and its function?
Di antara berikut yang manakah benar berkaitan enzim dan fungsinya?
Enzyme
Function
Enzim
Fungsi
Rennin
Coagulates milk
Renin
Mengentalkan susu
Pepsin
Emulsifies fat
Pepsin
Mengemulsikan lemak
Trypsin
Digests fat
Tripsin
Mencernakan lemak
Erepsin
Hydrolyses fat
Erepsin
Menghidrolisiskan lemak
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Diagram 5 shows a structure of an enzyme and substrate to form an enzyme-substrate

complex.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan struktur enzim dan subtrat X untuk membentuk kompleks enzimsubstrat.
Enzyme-substrate complex
Kompleks enzim-substrat
Substrate
Substrat
Enzyme
enzim
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
Which of the following substrate is suitable to form an enzyme-substrate complex?
Antara berikut substrat manakah yang sesuai untuk membentuk kompleks enzimsubstrat?
A
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Diagram 6 shows a petri dish with agar jelly containing starch. Four holes were cut in
the jelly and each hole was treated differently.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan piring petri yang mengandungi agar yang telah dicampurkan
dengan kanji. Empat lubang dipotong pada agar dan setiap lubang dirawat dengan
cara yang berbeza.
Jelly with starch

Agar berkanji
Amylase solution
Larutan amilase
A
Boiled amylase
solution
Larutan amilase
yang dididih
Amylase solution + Hydrochloric acid

Larutan amilase + Asid hidroklorik
Amylase solution +
Sodium hydroxide solution
Larutan amilase +
Larutan natrium hidroksida
Diagram 6 / Rajah 6
After 30 minutes, iodine solution was poured over the jelly. Which holes, A, B, C or D
would be surrounded by the largest yellowish brown region?
Selepas 30 minit, larutan iodin dituangkan ke atas agar berkanji. Antara lubang A, B,
C atau D, yang manakah akan dikelilingi dengan kawasan warna kuning keperangan
yang paling besar?
9
Which of the following phase does crossing over occurs between non sister chromatids
from a pair of homologous?
Antara fasa berikut yang manakah berlakunya pindah silang di antara kromatid bukan
beradik pada kromosom homolog?
A
Prophase I
Profasa I
Metaphase I
Metafasa I
Prophase II
Profasa II
Metaphase II
Metafasa II
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Diagram 7 shows a plant cell undergoing mitotic cell division.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu sel tumbuhan yang sedang mengalami pembahagian sel
mitosis.
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
What is the stage of the mitotic cell dvision?
Apakah peringkat pembahagian sel mitosis itu?
A
Prophase
Profasa
B
Anafasa
Metaphase
Metafasa
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Anaphase
Telophase
Telofasa
Diagram 8 shows the stages in the digestion of protein in the alimentary canal of
human.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan peringkat pencernaan protein di dalam salur percernaan
manusia.
Protein
Protein
Polypeptides
Polipeptida
Peptides
Peptida
Diagram 8
Rajah 8
What are enzyme P and Q?
Apakah enzim P and Q?
A
B
C
D
Pepsin
Pepsin
Trypsin
Tripsin
Rennin
Renin
Pepsin
Pepsin
Trypsin
Tripsin
Pepsin
Pepsin
Pepsin
Pepsin
Erepsin
Erepsin
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Diagram 9 shows parts of human alimentary canal.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan bahagian pada salur alimentari manusia.
B
C
Diagram 9 / Rajah 9
Which structures labelled A, B, C or D does lipid digestion occurs?
Antara struktur berlabel A, B, C atau D dimanakah berlakunya pencernaan lipid?
13
Diagram 10 shows the structure of a villus.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan struktur vilus.
A
B
Diagram 10
Rajah 10
Which structure labelled A, B, C or D is epithelial cells?
Antara struktur berlabel A, B, C atau D yang manakah merupakan sel epitilial?
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Diagram 11 shows an experiment to study the effect of light intensity on the rate of
photosynthesis. The number of air bubbles released represents the rate of
photosynthesis.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan eksperimen yang mengkaji kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas
kadar fotosintesis. Bilangan gelembung udara yang dibebaskan mewakili kadar
fotosintesis.
Air bubbles
Gelembung udara
Elodea sp.
Source of light
Sumber cahaya
Diagram 11
Rajah 11
Which of the following graph shows the result of the experiment?
Antara graf yang berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen?
C
Rate of photosynthesis
Kadar fotosintesis
Kadar fotosintesis
Light intensity
Keamatan cahaya
Light intensity
Keamatan cahaya
D
Kadar fotosintesis
Kadar fotosintesis
0.1% Sodium hydrogen carbonate solution

0.1% Larutan natrium hidrogen karbonat
Light intensity
Keamatan cahaya
Light intensity
Keamatan cahaya
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Diagram 12 shows the alimentary canal of a rabbit.

Rajah 12 menunjukkan salur pencernaan pada arnab.
A
B
C
D
Diagram 12 / Rajah 12
Which parts of A, B, C or D contains microorganisms that help in the cellulose
digestion?
Antara bahagian A, B, C atau D yang manakah mengandungi mikroorganisma untuk
membantu pencernaan selulosa?
16
Diagram 13 shows a part of human digestive system.

Rajah 13 menunjukkan sebahagian dari sistem pencernaan manusia.
P
Q
R
S
Which of the following statement can cause haemorrhoids?

Yang mana antara penyataan berikut menyebabkan buasir?
A
Tumors grow at structure R

Tumor tumbuh pada struktur R
Blood vessel at S become swollen

Salur darah di S menjadi bengkak
The faeces is stuck at P

Najis terperangkap di P
The abnormal reabsorbtion of water at Q

Penyerapan air secara abnormal di Q
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Table 1 shows the result of an experiment to determine the percentage of vitamin C in

lime juice.
Data berikut menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen menentukan peratus vitamin C dalam
jus limau.
Volume of solution needed to decolourise
Percentage of vitamin C
Solution
1ml of DCPIP solution (ml)
in fruit juice (%)
Larutan
Isipadu yang diperlukan untuk
Peratus vitamin C in
melunturkan 1ml larutan DCPIP (ml)
fruit juice (%)
1.0
3.5
0.1% ascorbic acid

0.1% asid askorbik
Lime juice
Jus limau
Table 1
Jadual 1
Calculate the value of X.
Hitung nilai X.
A
0.0290 %
0.035 %
0.290 %
0.350 %
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Table 2 shows the type and quantity of food taken by a student.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan jenis dan kuantiti makanan yang diambil oleh seorang pelajar.
Types of food
Quantity (g)
Energy value per 100g of food / kJ
Jenis makanan
Kuantiti (g)
Nilai tenaga per 100g makanan / kJ
200
2000
50
3000
100
500
200
300
50
50
100
800
Rice
Nasi
Butter
Mentega
Potatoes
Kentang
Milk
Susu
Banana
Pisang
Chicken
Ayam
Table 2
Jadual 2
Calculate the total energy value obtained by the student.

Hitung jumlah nilai tenaga yang diperolehi oleh pelajar.
A
6425 kJ
7425 kJ
6650 kJ
8950 kJ
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Table 3 shows the nutrient content in 100g of various types of food.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan kandungan nutrisi dalam 100g bagi beberapa jenis makanan.
Nutrient content
Kandungan nutrisi
Food
Makanan
Protein (g)
Lipid (g)
Carbohydrates (g)
Calcium (g)
Iron (mg)
Protein (g)
Lipid (g)
Karbohidrat (g)
Kalsium (g)
Ferum (mg)
8.0
1.7
54.3
100
1.7
0.3
12.0
0.3
0.5
82.5
15
0.2
6.2
1.0
86.8
0.4
12.3
10.9
56
2.1
White bread
Roti putih
Apple
Epal
Butter
Mentega
Rice
Nasi
Eggs
Telur
Table 3
Jadual 3
Based on table 3, which types of food are suitable for those suffering from anaemia?
Berdasarkan jadual 3, jenis makanan manakah yang sesuai untuk pesakit anemia?
A
Apple and rice
Nasi dan epal

B
Nasi dan telur
Eggs and white bread
Telur dan roti putih

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Rice and eggs

Apple and white bread
Epal dan roti putih
Which of the following equation show anaerob respiration in yeast?

Di antara persamaan berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan respirasi anaerobik pada
yis?
A
C6H12O6
zymase / zimase
2C3H6O3 + 150kJ
C6H12O6
zymase / zimase
2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 + 210 kJ
C6H12O6
C6H12O6 + 6O2
zymase / zimase
2 C2H4O2 + 2 CO2 + H2O + 210 kJ
zymase / zimase
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 2898 kJ
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Diagram 14 shows two organisms P and Q.

Rajah 14 menunjukkan dua organisma P dan Q.
Q
Diagram 14
Rajah 14
Which of the following shows the correct respiratory organs for the organisms?
Antara berikut yang manakah menunjukkan organ respirasi yang betul bagi organismorganisma tersebut?
22
Tracheole
Lungs
Trakeol
Peparu
Tracheole
Gills
Trakeol
Insang
Lungs
Tracheole
Peparu
Trakeol
Lungs
Gills
Peparu
Insang
Which of the following muscle action is true during inhalation?

Antara berikut, pengecutan otot yang manakah benar semasa menarik nafas?
A
B
C
D
Diaphragm muscle
Otot diafragma
External intercoastal muscle

Otot interkostal luar
Contract
Contract
Mengecut
Mengecut
Contract
Relax
Mengecut
Mengendur
Relax
Contract
Mengendur
Mengecut
Relax
Relax
Mengendur
Mengendur
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Diagram 15 shows an experiment to study the process related to anaerobic respiration in

yeast.
Rajah 15 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji proses berkaitan dengan respirasi
anaerobik pada yis.
Glass tube
Tiub kaca
Cork
Gabus
Yeast + boiled
glucose solution
Yis + larutan
glucosa terdidih
W
Diagram 15
Rajah 15
What adjustment should be made in order to get more precise result?

Apakah yang perlu diperbaiki untuk mendapatkan keputusan yang lebih tepat?
A
Plugging the boiling tube W with a cork

Menutup tabung didih W dengan penutup gabus
Dipping the end of the glass tube into the solution in the boiling tube W
Merendam hujung salur kaca di dalam tabung didih W
Putting a layer of paraffin oil on the surface of the solution in boiling V

Meletakkan lapisan paraffin di atas larutan dalam tabung didih V
Adding a few drops of universal indicator into the solution in boiling tube W
Menambahkan beberapa titis penunjuk universal ke dalam larutan tabung didih W
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Diagram 16 shows part of a mangrove tree.

Rajah 16 menunjukkan bahagian pokok bakau.
What is structure P?
Apakah struktur P?
A
Hydatodes
Hidatod
B
Pneumatofor
Vivipary seed
Biji benih vivipari

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Pneumatophores
Succulent leaves
Daun sukulen
Diagram 17 shows a food web in an ecosystem

Rajah 17 menunjukkan jaringan makanan dalam ekosistem
Plants
Tumbuh-tumbuhanan
Bees/Lebah
Lizard/Cicak
Rabbit/Arnab
Rat/Tikus
Snake/Ular
Eagle/Helang
Diagram 17
Rajah 17
Which of the following are secondary consumers?
Antara berikut yang manakah ialah pengguna sekunder?
A
Snake and lizard
Ular dan cicak

B
Eagle, snake and lizard

Helang, ular dan cicak
Bees, rat and rabbits

Lebah, tikus dan arnab
Lizard, snake and rabbits

Cicak, ular dan arnab
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The process takes place in newly formed area where no life

previosly existed.
Satu proses pembentukkan satu kawasan baru di mana tiada
hidupan wujud sebelumnya.
Which of the following terms refer to above statement?

Antara istilah berikut yang manakah merujuk kepada pernyataan di atas?
A
Colonisation
Pengkolonian
B
Kemandirian
Competition
Persaingan
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Survival
Succession
Sesaran
Diagram 18 shows the hierarchy in the classification of organism.

Rajah 18 menunjukkan hierarki dalam pengkelasan organisma.
Species
Spesis
Kingdom
Alam
Diagram 18
Rajah 18
What is K?
Apakah K?
A
Phylum
Filum
B
Kingdom
Alam
Famili
Famili
Class
Kelas
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Diagram 19 shows the nitrogen cycle.

Rajah 19 menunjukkan kitar nitrogen.
Nitrogen in the atmosphere

Nitrogen di atmosfera
Dead organism
Organisma yang
mati
Decomposer
Pengurai
Ammonia
Ammonia
Organism S / Organisma S
Nitrites
Nitrit
Nitrates
Nitrat
Diagram 19
Rajah 19
What is organism S?
Apakah organisma S?
A
Nostoc sp.
Rhizobium sp.
Nitrobacter sp.
Nitrosomonas sp.
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The following are the stages that cause a eutrophication.

Berikut adalah peringkat-peringkat yang mengakibatkan proses eutrofikasi.
K - Dead algae decomposed by bacteria

Alga yang mati diuraikan oleh bakteria
L - Excess nitrate and phosphate flows into lake or river
Nitrat dan fosfat berlebihan mengalir ke dalam sungai atau tasik
M - Encourages growth of aquatic plants like algae
Menggalakkan pertumbuhan tumbuhan akuatik seperti alga
N - Dissolved oxygen decreases, BOD increases and fish will die
Oksigen terlarut berkurang, BOD akan meningkat dan ikan akan mati
Which of the following sequence is true?

Antara turutan process berikut yang manakah benar?
A
LMKN
LKMN
MLKN
KNLM
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A student did an experiment to determine the level of pollution in rivers P and Q. The
result of experiment is shown in the table 4 below.
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen BOD untuk menentukan tahap
pencemaran air sungai P dan Q. Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam jadual 4 di
bawah.
Water sample
Time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourise (minute)
Sampel air
Masa bagi larutan metilena biru luntur (minit)
River P
Sungai P
River Q
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Sungai Q
Table 4
Jadual 4
What conclusions can be made by the students?
Apakah yang boleh dirumuskan oleh pelajar tersebut?
A
River P has lower concentration of dissolved oxygen

Sungai P mempunyai kepekatan oksigen terlarut yang lebih rendah
River P has less microorganisms

Sungai P menpunyai kurang mikroorganisma
River Q has less aquatic organisms

Sungai Q mengandungi kurang haiwan akuatik
River Q has higher BOD value

Sungai Q mempunyai nilai BOD yang tinggi
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A farmer used weedkiller to control the growth of weed in his farm. Half of the farm
was treated while the other half was left untreated. The table 5 shows the number of
four common weeds before and after treatment.
Seorang petani telah mengunakan racun rumpai untuk mengawal pertumbuhan rumpai
di kebunnya. Separuh dari kawasan kebun dirawat manakala separuh lagi dibiarkan
tidak dirawat. Jadual 5 menunjukkan bilangan 4 jenis rumpai sebelum dan selepas
dirawat.
Number of weeds
Bilangan rumpai
Weed
Rumpai
Untreated part of farm
Treated part of farm
Bahagian kebun yang tidak

dirawat
Bahagian kebun yang dirawat
Before
After
Before
After
Sebelum
Selepas
Sebelum
Selepas
75
70
65
60
480
490
515
425
20
25
25
20
100
90
95
220
Table 5
Jadual 5
Which weed A, B, C or D was best controlled by the weedkiller?
Antara rumpai A, B, C atau D yang manakah paling baik dikawal oleh racun rumpai?
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Diagram 20 show the composition of human blood.

Rajah 20 menunjukkan komposisi dalam darah manusia.
Cellular components of human blood

Komponen sel darah manusia
Erythrocytes
Eritrosit
Leucocytes
Leukosit
Diagram 20
Rajah 20
Which of the following statements is the function of X?
Manakah antara penyataan berikut adalah fungsi X?
A
Transporting oxygen
Mengangkut oksigen
Involve in blood clotting mechanism

Terlibat dalam mekanisma pembekuan darah
Control the blood osmotic pressure

Mengawal tekanan osmosis darah
Destroying pathogen by phagocythosis

Memusnahkan patogen secara fagositosis
33
The statement below shows a blood circulatory system in an organism.

Pernyataan berikut menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah dalam organisma.
Close, double and incomplete circulatory system

Sistem peredaran tertutup, ganda dua dan tidak lengkap
Which of the following organism represents the above statement?

Manakah antara organisma berikut mewakili pernyataan di atas?
A
Frog
Katak
B
Rabbit
Fish
Ikan
Arnab
Grasshopper
Belalang
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Diagram 21 shows a blood sample in a test tube before and after centrifugation.
Rajah 21 menunjukkan sampel darah di dalam tabung uji sebelum dan selepas
pengemparan.
After centrifugation
Selepas pengemparan
Before centrifugation
Sebelum pengemparan
Diagram 21
Rajah 21
Which is found in X?
Yang manakah terdapat dalam X?
A
Platelet
Platlet
Antibody
Antibodi
Leucocytes
Leukosit
Erythrocytes
Eritrosit
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An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of transpiration in a plant by using
a photometer. Diagram 22 shows the set up of the apparatus and the distance covered by
the water column in cm. The experiment was done in 10 minutes.
Suatu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar transpirasi tumbuhan dengan
menggunakan potometer. Rajah 22 menunjukkan susunan radas dan jarak turus air
bergerak dalam cm. Eksperimen dibiarkan selama 10 minit.
Plant shoot
Pucuk tumbuhan
Movement of water column

Pergerakan turus air
Meniscus / meniskus
8
1
Movement of water column /
Position of meniscus at the beginning of experiment.

Kedudukan meniskus pada awal eksperimen.
1
Movement of water column /
Position of meniscus at the end of experiment.

Kedudukan meniskus pada akhir eksperimen.
Diagram 22
Rajah 22
Calculate the rate of transpiration.
Hitungkan kadar transpirasi.
A
0.1 cm / minutes
0.2 cm / minutes
1.0 cm / minutes
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5.0 cm / minutes
Which of the following organism has hydrostatic skeleton?

Antara yang berikut, organisma yang manakah mempunyai rangka hidrostatik?
37
Which of the following is an example of an external stimulus?

Antara berikut yang manakah contoh rangsangan luaran?
A
Osmotic pressure of blood

Tekanan osmotik darah
The blood glucose level

Aras glukosa dalam darah
The light intensity

Keamatan cahaya
Concentration of sodium ions in the plasma

Kepekatan ion natrium dalam plasma
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Diagram 23 shows a reflex arc.

Rajah 23 menunjukkan arka refleks.
Diagram 23
Rajah 23
What is structure S?
Apakah struktur S?
A
Grey matter
Jirim kelabu
B
Akar ventral
Dorsal root
Akar dorsal
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Ventral root
Dorsal root ganglion
Ganglion Akar dorsal
Diagram 24 shows the endocrine gland of a woman.

Rajah 24 menunjukkan kelenjar kelenjar endokrin pada seorang wanita.
A
B
C
D
Which gland A, B, C or D secretes thyroxine?
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Antara kelenjar A, B, C atau D yang manakah merembeskan tiroksina?

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Diagram 25 shows the structure of a nephron in human kidney.

Rajah 25 menunjukkan struktur nefron pada ginjal manusia.
U
T
Diagram 25
Rajah 25
Which of the following graph shows the glucose concentration at S, T, U and V in a
healthy person?
Yang manakah antara graf berikut menunjukkan kepekatan glukosa yang ada pada S,
T, U dan V bagi individu yang sihat?
C
Glucose concentration
Kepekatan glukosa
Kepekatan glukosa
Part of nephron
Bahagian nefron
Part of nephron
Bahagian nefron
Kepekatan glukosa
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Kepekatan glukosa
Part of nephron
Bahagian nefron
2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA
Part of nephron
Bahagian nefron
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28
Diagram 26 shows a tomato fruit from a flower which was treated with auxin hormone.
Rajah 26 menunjukkan buah tomato yang dihasilkan daripada bunga yang dirawat
dengan hormon auksin.
Hormone auxin
Hormon auksin
Tomato flower
Bunga tomato
Mature tomato fruit

Buah tomato yang matang
Diagram 26
Rajah 26
Which of the following statement is true about the fruit produced by this method?
Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar tentang buah yang dihasilkan
menerusi kaedah ini?
A
The fruit produced is sweeter

Buah yang dihasilkan lebih manis
The fruit produced is more succulent

Buah yang dihasilkan lebih sukulen
The fruit does not have fibre

Buah tidak mengandungi serabut
The fruit does not have seeds

Buah tidak mempunyai biji benih
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42
29
Diagram 27 shows the development of pollen in a pollen sac.

Rajah 27 menunjukkan perkembangan debunga di dalam pundi debunga.
Tube nucleus
Nukleus tiub
Generative nucleus
Nucleus penjana
`
Pollen
Debunga
Process N
Proses N
What is process N?
Apakah proses N?
A
Meiosis
Meiosis
B
Pendebungaan
Mitosis
Mitosis
43
Pollination
Fertilisation
Persenyawaan
The statement below is related to a method to prevent pregnancy.

Penyataan di bawah adalah berkaitan dengan kaedah pencegahan kehamilan.
A plastic-coated copper coil that is fitted into the uterus

Gegelung kuprum bersalut plastik yang dimasukkan ke dalam uterus
Which of the following method refers to the above statement?

Antara kaedah berikut, yang manakah merujuk tentang penyataan di atas?
A
Spermicide
Spermisid
Diaphragm
Diafragma
Female condom
Kondom wanita
Intrauterine device (IUD)
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30
Alat intrauterus
44
Diagram 28 shows the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle of woman.

Rajah 28 menunjukkan fungsi hormon dalam kitar haid seorang wanita.
Hypothalamus
Hipotalamus
Anterior pituitary
Pituitari anterior
Q
Ovulation
Ovulasi
Follicle
Folikel
Corpus luteum
Korpus luteum
Ovum
Ovum
Thickening of uterine lining

Penebalan lapisan uterus
Diagram 28
Rajah 28
What are hormones P, Q, R and S?
Apakah hormon P, Q, R dan S?
P
FSH
LH
Oestrogen
Progesterone
LH
Oestrogen
Progesterone
FSH
Oestrogen
Progesterone
FSH
LH
Oestrogen
FSH
LH
Progesterone
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45
31
Diagram 29 (a) shows the three zones P, Q and R found in a root tip. Diagram 29 (b)
shows J, K and L found in the same root tip.
Rajah 29 (a) menunjukkan tiga zon P, Q dan R yang terdapat pada hujung akar. Rajah
29 (b) menunjukkan Sel J, K dan L yang terdapat pada hujung akar tersebut.
Diagram 29 (a)
Diagram 29 (b)
Rajah 29 (a)
Rajah 29 (b)
Which of the cells J, K and L are found in Zone P, Q and R?

Antara sel J, K dan L, yang manakah terdapat dalam zon P, Q dan R?
A
B
C
D
Zone P
Zon P
Cell K
Sel K
Cell K
Sel K
Cell L
Sel L
Cell L
Sel L
Zone Q
Zon Q
Cell L
Sel L
Cell J
Sel J
Cell K
Sel K
Cell J
Sel J
Zone R
Zon R
Cell J
Sel J
Cell L
Sel L
Cell J
Sel J
Cell K
Sel K
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46
32
Diagram 30 shows a matured ovary and ovule before and after double fertilisation.
Rajah 30 menunjukkan keadaan ovul dan ovari matang sebelum dan selepas
persenyawaan ganda dua.
Pollen
Debunga
Double fertilsation
Persenyawaan ganda dua
Polar nuclei
Nukleus kutub
What is P ?
Apakah P?
A
Egg cell
Sel telur
B
Zigot diploid
Antipodal cell
Sel antipodal
47
Diploid zygote
Triploid nucleus
Nukleus triploid
The following information shows the inheritance of haemophilia in Mr M s family

Maklumat berikut menunjukkan tentang perwarisan penyakit hemofilia dalam keluarga
En M.
Mr M is normal
En M ialah normal
He has six children of which three sons are haemophiliac while three daughter are carriers
Beliau mempunyai 6 orang anak dimana 3 orang anak lelaki merupakan pesakit hemofilia
manakala 3 orang anak perempuan pembawa hemofilia
Based on the information above, what is the genotype of Mr Ms wife?

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, apakah genotip isteri En M?
A
XhXh
XHXh
XHXH
XhX
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48
33
Which of the following diagram represents alleles?

Antara diagram berikut yang manakah mewakili alel?
A
49
Which of the following genetic disease is caused by chromosomal mutation?

Manakah antara berikut merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mutasi
kromosom?
A
Down syndrome
Sindrom down
Sickle cell anaemia

Anemia sel sabit
Albinisme
Albino
Haemophilia
Hemofilia
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50
34
Table 6 shows the results of blood tests for students S and T.

Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan ujian kumpulan darah bagi pelajar S dan T.
Student
Pelajar
Anti-A
Anti-B
Agglutination
No agglutination
Bergumpal
Tidak bergumpal
No agglutination
Agglutination
Tidak bergumpal
Bergumpal
Table 6
Table 6
What are the blood groups of students S and T ?
Apakah kumpulan darah bagi pelajar S dan T?
Student blood group
Kumpulan darah pelajar
A
B
C
D
Student S
Student T
Pelajar S
Pelajar T
Blood group A
Blood group A
Kumpulan darah A
Kumpulan darah A
Blood group A
Blood group B
Kumpulan darah A
Kumpulan darah B
Blood group A
Blood group AB
Kumpulan darah A
Kumpulan darah AB
Blood group B
Blood group A
Kumpulan darah B
Kumpulan darah A
END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT
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4551/1
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON
1. This question paper consists of 50 questions

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan.
2. Answer all question.
Jawab semua soalan.
3. Answer each question by blackening the correct space on the objective answer sheet.
Jawab dengan menghitamkan ruang yang betul pada kertas jawapan objektif.
4. Blacken only one space for each question.
Hitamkan satu ruang sahaja bagi setiap soalan.
5. If you wish to change your answer, erase the blackened mark that you have made.
Then blacken the space for the new answer.
Sekiranya anda hendak menukar jawapan, padamkan tanda yang telah dibuat.
Kemudian hitamkan jawapan yang baru.
6. The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn to scale unless stated.
Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.
7. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.
Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.
SULIT
SULIT
4551/2
NAMA
KELAS
NO. MAKTAB
4551/2
BIOLOGI
Kertas 2
September
2 Jam
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN
SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011
BIOLOGY
Paper 2
Two hours and thirty minutes
1. Tulis nombor kad pengenalan dan

nombor maktab anda pada ruangan
yang disediakan.
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam
dwibahasa.
3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris
mendahului soalan yang sepadan
dalam bahasa Melayu.
4. Calon
dibenarkan
menjawab
keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan
sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris
atau bahasa Melayu.
5. Calon
dikehendaki
membaca
maklumat di halaman belakang
kertas soalan ini.
Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Kod Pemeriksa :
Bahagian Soalan Markah Markah
Penuh
Diperoleh
12
1
12
2
A
12
3
12
4
12
5
20
6
20
7
B
20
8
20
9
Jumlah
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 36 halaman bercetak

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2
Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
Answer all questions in this section
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini
1.
Diagram 1(a) shows cellular respiration P in tissue V found in multicellular

organism. Process P produces 2 molecules ATP.
Rajah 1(a) menunjukkan respirasi sel, P yang berlaku di dalam tisu V pada
organisma multisel. Proses P menghasilkan 2 molekul ATP
Diagram 1(b) shows another type of cellular respiration Q in cell W found in
unicellular organism. Process Q produces 38 molecules ATP.
Rajah 1(b) menunjukkan satu lagi proses respirasi sel, Q di dalam sel W pada
organisma unisel. Proses Q menghasilkan 38 molekul ATP.
Process P
Proses P
2 ATP
Tissue V
Tisu V
Cell W
Sel W
Diagram 1(a)
Rajah 1 (a)
(a)
38 ATP
Process Q
Proses Q
Diagram 1(b)
Rajah 1 (b)
Name tissue V and cell W.

Namakan tisu V dan sel W
Tissue V/ tisu V :
...
Cell W / sel W
...
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
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3
(b)
(i) Name process Q.

Namakan proses Q.
[1mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Write the word equation for process Q.

Tuliskan persamaan perkataan bagi proses Q.
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c)
(i) Explain what happens to cell W when there is no oxygen.

Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada sel W apabila ketiadaan oksigen.
.
.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Explain the usage of cell W in bread making industry.
Terangkan kegunaan sel W dalam industri pembuatan roti.
.
.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d)
State where tissue V can be found in the human body.

Nyatakan di mana tisu V boleh didapati dalam badan manusia.
.........
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
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After completing vigorous exercise, an athlete will gasp

heavily.
Selepas selesai melakukan aktiviti cergas, atlet akan
tercungap-cungap.
(e)
(i) Based on the above statement, state the condition faced by the athlete
Merujuk kepada pernyataan diatas, nyatakan keadaan yang dihadapi oleh
atlet tersebut.
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Explain why.
Terangkan mengapa.
.
.
.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
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2.
5
A group of students carried out an experiment to study succession process by bread
mould. A piece of wet bread is kept in a dark room for 2 weeks.
Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji proses
sesaran kulapuk roti. Sekeping roti dilembabkan dan dieramkan dalam bilik gelap
selama dua minggu.
Diagram 2 shows how quadrat sampling technique is used to calculate the percentage
of bread mould on day 6.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan teknik persampelan kuadrat yang digunakan untuk menghitung
peratus litupan kulapuk roti pada hari ke-6.
The colour of the bread mould is observed every 2 days. The name of the bread mould
is based on its color. Table 1 shows the results obtained.
Warna kulapuk diperhatikan bagi setiap 2 hari. Nama kulapuk roti berdasarkan
warnanya. Keputusan yang diperoleh ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.
Day
Hari
1 st
Pertama
2nd
Kedua
4th
Ke-4
6th
Ke-6
8th
Ke-8
10th
Ke-10
12th
Ke-12
Scale of square:
Skala grid:
1cm
1cm
Key:
Kekunci:
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
White
mould
14th
Ke-14
Name of
mould
Nama kulapuk
White
Putih
White
Putih
White
Putih
White
Putih
Yellow
Kuning
White
Putih
Yellow
Kuning
Black
Hitam
White
Putih
Yellow
Kuning
Black
Hitam
Yellow
Kuning
Black
Hitam
Table 2
Jadual 2
Percentage of cover (%)

Peratus litupan (%)
3
28
50
72
28
38
52
10
16
60
30
30
32
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(a)
(b)
What is the type of nutrition of the bread mould?

Apakah jenis nutrisi bagi kulapuk roti?
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
Based on Table 2, state the pioneer species.
Berdasarkan Jadual 2, nyatakan spesies perintis.
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c)
(i) What is the first successor species?

Namakan spesies penyesar pertama?
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Explain the process of succession by the species named in (c)(i).
Terangkan proses penyesaran oleh spesies yang dinyatakan di (c)(i).
.
.
.
.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(d) By referring to Diagram 2, explain how to calculate the percentage coverage on

the 6th day.
Berdasarkan kepada Rajah 2, terangkan bagaimana untuk menghitung peratus
litupan pada hari ke 6.
.
.
.
.
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah ]
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7
(e)
The size of each small square is increased to 2cm2. Explain the effect of this to
the accuracy of the percentage coverage estimation.
Saiz setiap petak kecil dibesarkan kepada 2cm2. Terangkan kesan tindakan ini
ke atas ketepatan anggaran peratusan litupan.
.
.
.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
The above experiment is carried out at pH 7

Eksperimen di atas dijalankan pada pH 7.
(f)
The experiment is repeated by using bread that has been sprayed with pH 5
solution. Explain the effect to the growth of bread mould.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan roti yang telah disembur dengan
larutan yang mempunyai pH 5. Terangkan kesan ke atas pertumbuhan kulapuk
roti.
.
.
.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
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3.
8
Diagram 3.1 shows the karyotype of an individual with a type of syndrome.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan kariotip seseorang yang mengidap sejenis sindrom.
14
19
15
20
16
21
10
17
22
11
12
13
18
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
(a)
(i) What is the meaning of karyotype.

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kariotip.
.
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) State the chromosomal number of the individual in Diagram 3.1
Nyatakan bilangan kromosom individu pada Rajah 3.1
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
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9
(b)
Based on Diagram 3.1:

Berdasarkan kepada Rajah 3.1:
(i) Determine the sex of the individual.
Tentukan jantina individu itu.
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Name the syndrome suffered by the individual.
Namakan sindrom yang dihadapi oleh individu itu.
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c)
Explain how the individual inherits the syndrome named in (b) (ii) from the
parent.
Terangkan bagaimana individu itu mewarisi sindrom dinamakan di (b) (ii)
daripada ibu bapanya.
.
.
.
.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
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10
Diagram 3.2 (a) shows the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the strand of DNA which
lead to the formation of erythrocytes with normal shape.
Rajah 3.2(a) menunjukkan turutan bes bernitrogen pada rantai DNA yang
menyebabkan pembentukan sel eritrosit dengan bentuk yang normal
Diagram 3.2 (b) shows the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the strand of DNA which
lead to the formation of erythrocytes with abnormal shape due to mutation.
Rajah 3.2(b) menunjukkan turutan bes bernitrogen pada rantai DNA yang
menyebabkan pembentukan sel eritrosit dengan bentuk yang tidak normal akibat
daripada proses mutasi.
Nitrogenous base sequence

Turutan bes nitrogen
Nitrogenous base sequence

Turutan bes nitrogen
G A G
G T G
Mutation
Mutasi
Normal shaped erythrocyte

Eritrosit berbentuk normal
Diagram 3.2 (a) / Rajah 3.2 (a)
(d)
Key/Petunjuk:
C: Cytosine/Sitosina
T: Thymine/ Tiamin
G: Guanine/Guanina
A:Adenine/Adenina
Abnormal shaped erythrocyte

Eritrosit berbentuk tidak normal
Diagram 3.2 (b) / Rajah 3.2 (b)
(i) Based on Diagram 3.2 (a) and 3.2 (b):

Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2 (a) dan 3.2 (b):
State the type of mutation:
Nyatakan jenis mutasi tersebut:
.
Explain how the mutation lead to the formation of abnormal shaped
erythrocytes.
Terangkan bagaimana mutasi tersebut menyebabkan pembentukan eritrosit
berbentuk tidak normal.
.
.
.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
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11
(ii) Describe the effect of the mutation on the supply of oxygen to the body
cells.
Huraikan kesan mutasi tersebut terhadap bekalan oksigen kepada sel-sel
badan.
.
.
.
.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
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4.
12
Diagram 4.1 shows the female hormonal levels and its relationship to the changes in
the ovary during menstrual cycle.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan aras hormon perempuan dan hubungannya dengan
perubahan dalam ovary semasa kitar haid.
Hormone P
Hormon P
Pituitary gland
Kelenjar pituitari
Hormone Q
Hormon Q
Hormone
levels
Aras
hormon
Q
1
14
21
28 Day/Hari
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
(a)
(i) Based on the graph in Diagram 4.1, name the hormone

Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 4.1, namakan hormon
P
:
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
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13
(ii) Give reason for the answer in (a)(i)
Beri alasan untuk jawapan di (a)(i)
P :
Q : ...
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Secondary oocyte, Corpus luteum, Ovulation,

Graafian follicle, Primary oocyte
Oosit sekunder, Korpus luteum, Ovulasi, Folikel graaf, Oosit primer
(b)
Using the terms given, write the correct sequence of a complete menstrual cycle.
Dengan menggunakan istilah yang diberikan, tuliskan urutan yang betul dalam
satu kitar haid yang lengkap.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
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14
Figure 4.2
Rajah 4.2
(c)
Figure 4.2 shows follicle development in an ovary. A woman has a problem

conceiving due to the failure of process Z. A doctor advises her to take Human
Chorionic Gonadothrophin Hormone (HCG) that has similar function to
hormone P.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan perkembangan folikel dalam ovari. Seorang wanita
menghadapi masalah tidak boleh hamil disebabkan kegagalan proses Z.
Seorang doktor menasihatkan beliau untuk mengambil Hormon Karionik
Gonadotrof (HCG) yang berfungsi seperti hormon P.
Based on the above situation, explain how the HCG injection enables the
pregnancy to occur.
Berdasarkan situasi di atas, terangkan bagaimana suntikan HCG membolehkan
kehamilan berlaku.
.
.
.
....................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
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15
(d ) Explain what will happen if the woman fail to produce hormone Q?
Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku apabila wanita tersebut tidak dapat
menghasilkan hormon Q?
.
.
.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(e)
Explain how the intake of contraceptive pill affects the development of follicles.
Terangkan bagaimana pengambilan pil pencegah kehamilan memberi kesan ke
atas perkembangan folikel.
.
.
.
.
.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
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16
5. Diagram 5.1 shows a cross section of a leaf and the organelle P that is found in the
palisade mesophyll cell.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas daun dan organel P didapati di dalam mesofil
palisad.
Palisade mesophyll cell

Sel mesofil palisad
Organelle P
Organel P
Cell Q
Sel Q
CO2
H2O
Light energy/
tenaga cahaya
.
Granum
Grana
Reaction A
Tindakbalas A
Reaction B
Tindakbalas B
Stroma
Stroma
Glucose
Glukosa
Gas N
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
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17
(a)
State the role of organelle P in photosynthesis.

Nyatakan peranan organel P dalam fotosintesis.
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b)
State the structural adaptation of palisade mesophyll cell to increase the

efficiency of photosynthesis.
Nyatakan penyesuaian struktur bagi sel mesofil palisad untuk meningkatkan
kecekapan proses fotosintesis.
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c)
Explain how gas N is produced in reaction A?

Terangkan bagaimana gas N terbentuk dalam tindakbalas A?
.
.
.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
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18
(d)
Diagram 5.2 shows cell Q during day time.

Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sel Q semasa siang hari.
Epidermal cell
Sel epidermis
Structure R/
Struktur R
Cell Q/
sel Q
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
Explain how the light intensity affect the opening of structure R.
Terangkan bagaimana keamatan cahaya memberi kesan kepada pembukaan
struktur R.
.
.
.
.
.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
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19
(e)
State two differences between reaction A and B

Nyatakan dua perbezaan diantara tindakbalas A dan tindakbalas B
.
.
.
.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
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20
(f)
In a greenhouse, the temperature is maintained at 20 oC. Ten 30 Watt bulbs are

used to light up the greenhouse
Di dalam rumah kaca, suhu dikekalkan pada 20 oC. Sepuluh mentol 30 Watt
digunakan untuk membekalkan cahaya di dalam rumah kaca.
Figure 5.3 shows a graph effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of
photosynthesis of the plant in the greenhouse.
Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan graf kesan kepekatan karbon dioksida terhadap
fotosintesis pada pokok didalam rumah kaca.
Rate of
photosynthesis
Kadar
fotosintesis
K
J
Concentration of CO2
Kepekatan CO2
Diagram 5.3
Rajah 5.3
Explain how the rate of photosynthesis is increased from curve J to become
curve K.
Terangkan bagaimana kadar fotosintesis dapat ditingkatkan dari lengkung J
kepada lengkung K.
.
.
.
.
.
.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
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21
Section B
Bahagian B
[40 marks]
[40 markah]
Answer any two questions form this section.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini
Diagram 6.1 shows the changes of antibodies concentration in the blood of individual X.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan perubahan kepekatan antibodi dalam darah individu X.
Concentration of antibodies in blood
Kepekatan antibdi dalam darah
6.
Level of immunity
Aras keimunan
Time (week)
Masa (minggu)
First injection
Second injection
Suntikan pertama Suntikan kedua
Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1
(a)
Based on the Diagram 6.1, explain why first and second injections are required by
individual X.
Berdasarkan pada Rajah 6.1, terangkan kenapa suntikan pertama dan kedua
diperlukan oleh individu X.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
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22
Diagram 6.2 shows the pathway of water transport in three different parts, L, M and N
of a plant.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan laluan pengangkutan air di tiga bahagian berbeza, L, M dan N
pada sebatang pokok.
Part L
Part M
Part N
Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2
(b)
Explain how the rate of water transport through L, M and N is affected on a windy
day.
Terangkan bagaimana kadar pengangkutan air melalui L, M dan N dipengaruhi
pada hari berangin.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]
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23
Diagram 6.3 shows a cross section of human skin in two conditions X and Y.
Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan keratan rentas kulit manusia dalam dua keadaan X dan Y.
Condition X
Keadaan X
Condition Y
Keadaan Y
Diagram 6.3
Rajah 6.3
(c)
Based on the Diagram 6.3:

Berdasarkan pada Rajah 6.3:
(i) State the condition X and Y
Nyatakan keadaan X dan Y
(ii) Explain how the arteriole responds to both conditions.
Terangkan bagaimana arteriol bertindak balas kepada kedua-dua keadaan.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]
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7.
24
(a)
The diagram 7 shows a phenomenon that lead to temperature increase at the river.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu fenomena yang menyebabkan peningkatan suhu pada
air sungai.
Nuclear reactor
Reaktor nuklear
Glass buildings
Bangunan berkaca
Logging
Pembalakan
Motor vehicles
Kenderaan bermotor
Hot water
Air panas
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
Explain the effects of the phenomenon on the organisms in the river.
Terangkan kesan-kesan fenomena tersebut ke atas organism di dalam sungai.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(b)
Diagram 7 also shows the activities of unplanned development in that area.

Discuss the effects of these activities towards the environment.
Rajah 7 juga menunjukkan aktiviti-aktiviti pembangunan tidak terancang pada
kawasan tersebut. Bincangkan kesan-kesan aktiviti-aktiviti tersebut ke atas alam
sekitar.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
(c)
Explain how nitrogen in the atmosphere is maintained through the activities of:
Terangkan bagaimana nitrogen dalam atmosfera dikekalkan melalui aktivitiaktiviti:
(i)
(ii)
Microorganism
Mikroorganisma
Lightning
Kilat
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
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25
The density of certain organelles is related to the functions of specific cells.

Ketumpatan sesetengah organel berkaitan dengan fungsi-fungsi sel tertentu.
8.
(a)
Name one organelle and explain why the organelle can be found abundantly in
specific cell below:
Namakan satu organel dan terangkan kenapa organel itu boleh dijumpai
dengan banyaknya di dalam sel tertentu di bawah:
(i) Sperm cell

Sel sperma
(ii) Mesophyll palisade cell
Sel mesofil palisad
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(b)
Diagram 8.1 shows the involvement of different cellular component P, Q, R and

S in the secretion of extracellular enzymes in animal cell.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan penglibatan komponen sel yang berbeza P, Q, R dan S
di dalam perembesan enzim luar sel dalam sel haiwan.
U
T
S
R
Q
P
Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1
Based on the Diagram 8.1, describe the production of extracellular enzymes.
Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1, huraikan proses penghasilan enzim luar sel.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
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26
Cytokinesis takes place both in animal cell and plant cell.

Sitokinesis berlaku di kedua-dua sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan.
(c)
State two similarities and one difference between the cytokinesis in animal cell
and plant cell during mitosis.
Nyatakan dua persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara sitokinesis dalam sel
haiwan dan sel tumbuhan semasa mitosis.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(d)
Diagram 8.2 shows production of dairy cows by cloning technique.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan penghasilan lembu susu dengan melalui teknik
pengklonan.
Cloning process
Proses pengklonan
Diagram 8.2
Rajah 8.2
Describe the cloning technique.
Huraikan teknik pengklonan tersebut.
[7 marks]
[7 markah]
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9.
27
(a)
Table 9 shows the lifestyle of two adults X and Y.

Jadual 9 menunjukkan cara hidup dua individu dewasa X dan Y.
Individual X
Individu X
Individual Y
Individu Y
Taking too much carbohydrate in his diet

Mengambil makanan yang mengandungi
banyak karbohidrat
Taking a diet rich in calcium, phosphate,

carbohydrate, protein and vitamin D.
Mengambil makanan yang kaya dengan
calcium ,fosfat, karbohidrat, protein dan
vitamin D.
While sitting, backbone and hip are not Sit upright with the backbone against the
supported by the back of the chair
back of the chair
Semasa duduk, tulang belakang dan Duduk tegak dengan bahagian belakang
punggung tidak disokong oleh bahagian bersandar kepada kerusi
belakang kerusi
Always wear high heels.
Always wear flat shoes.
Sentiasa memakai kasut tumit tinggi
Sentiasa memakai kasut rata.
Wear tight clothes at all times
Wear loose and comfortable clothing at
Memakai pakaian yang ketat setiap masa all times.
Memakai pakaian yang longgar dan
selesa setiap masa.
Practising extreme sports for long period Always warm up before doing vigorous
of time.
activities.
Melakukan sukan ekstrem untuk tempoh Sering lakukan senaman ringan sebelum
yang lama.
lakukan aktiviti cergas
Table 9
Jadual 9
Based on Table 9:
Which individual practice good life style which leads to a healthy
musculoskeletal system.
State the factors that affect the musculoskeletal system of the individual
chosen and give your reasons.
Berdasarkan Jadual 9:
Individu manakah yang mengamalkan cara hidup yang baik untuk sistem
rangka yang sihat.
Nyatakan factorfaktor yang mempengaruhi sistem rangka bagi individu
yang dipilih dan berikan alasan anda.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
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28
(b)
Diagram 9.1 shows a floating plant, water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) on the
surface of the pond.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan tumbuhan terapung, keladi bunting (Eichornia
crassipes) di atas permukaan kolam.
Diagram 9.1
Rajah 9.1
Explain the adaptation of the plant which enables it to float on the water suface.
Terangkan penyesuaian tumbuhan tersebut yang membolehkannya terapung di
permukaan air.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
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29
(c)
Diagram 9.2 shows examples of a type of variation in human

Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan contoh-contoh bagi sejenis variasi pada manusia.
Ability to roll tounge

Kebolehan menggulung
lidah
Curves
Lengkung
Loops
Gelung
Unable to roll tounge

Tidak boleh
menggulung lidah
Composite
Komposit
Whorl
Pusar
Diagram 9.2
Rajah 9.2
Based on Diagram 9.2, name the type of variation and explain the causes.
Berdasarkan Rajah 9.2, namakan jenis variasi dan terangkan punca-puncanya.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT
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4551/2
1. This question paper consists of two questions Section A and Section B.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua soalan Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.
2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A in the spaces
provided in this question paper.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian A hendaklah
ditulis dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini.
3. Answer any two questions from Section B. Write your answers for Section B on the
answer paper provided. You may use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other
suitable methods to explain your answers.
Tulis jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B dalam helaian jawapan yang dibekalkan. Anda
boleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk
menjelaskan jawapan anda.
4. The diagrams in the question are not drawn to scale unless stated.
5. The marks allocated for each question and sub-section of a question is shown in
brackets.
Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan dan ceraian soalan ditunjukkan
dalam kurungan.
6. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Then
write down the new answer.
Sekiranya anda hendak menukarkan jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibuat.
Kemudian tuliskan jawapan yang baru.
Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan.
8. You are advised to spend 90 minutes to answer Section A and 60 minutes for
Section B.
Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab Bahagian A dan
60 minit untuk Bahagian B.
9. Tie the helaian tambahan together with this question paper and hand in to the
invigilator at the end of the examination.
Ikat helaian tambahan bersama-sama kertas soalan ini dan serahkan kepada
pengawas peperiksaan pada akhir peperiksaan.
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4551/3
NAMA
KELAS
NO. MAKTAB
4551/3
BIOLOGI
Kertas 3
September
1 Jam
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN
SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011
BIOLOGY
Paper 3
One hour and thirty minutes

1. Tulis nombor kad pengenalan dan
nombor maktab anda pada
ruangan yang disediakan.
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam
dwibahasa.
3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris
mendahului soalan yang sepadan
dalam bahasa Melayu.
4. Calon
dibenarkan
menjawab
keseluruhan
atau
sebahagian
soalan sama ada dalam bahasa
Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu.
5. Calon
dikehendaki
membaca
maklumat di halaman belakang
kertas soalan ini.
Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Kod Pemeriksa :
Markah
Markah
Soalan
Penuh
Diperoleh
1
33
17
Jumlah
50
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 15 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman tidak bercetak
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Answer all questions

Jawab semua soalan
1.
A group of students carried out an experiment to investigate the growth rate of seedling
in different types of soil.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar pertumbuhan
sejenis biji benih dalam tanah yang berlainan jenis.
The following steps were carried out:
Langkah-langkah yang dijalankan adalah seperti berikut:
Step 1
Langkah 1 :
Two seedling trays are filled with 300g of sandy soil and loamy soil
respectively.
Dua buah bekas semaian masing-masing diisi dengan 300g tanah
berpasir dan tanah gembur.
Step 2
:
Langkah 2 :
Three red bean seeds are planted at 5 cm interval in each seedling tray.
Tiga biji kacang merah ditanam dengan jarak 5 cm antara satu sama
lain ke dalam setiap bekas semaian.
Step 3
:
Langkah 3 :
Each tray is watered with 30ml of water daily.

Setiap bekas semaian disiram dengan 30ml air setiap hari.
Step 4
After 3 days, the length of the seedling roots are measured by using a
thread as shown in Diagram 1.
Selepas 3 hari, panjang akar biji benih diukur menggunakan benang
seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.
Langkah 4 :
Red bean seedling

Biji benih kacang merah
Thread
Benang
Ruler
Pembaris
Thread
Benang
Root
Akar
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
[ Lihat Sebelah]
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Table 1 shows the length of the red bean seedling roots from different types of soil.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan panjang akar kacang merah dari tanah yang berlainan jenis.
Types of soil
Jenis tanah
Length of the red bean seedling roots

Panjang akar biji benih kacang merah
For
examiners
use
Length (cm)
Panjang (cm)
Sandy soil
Tanah
berpasir
Loamy soil
Tanah
gembur
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a)
Record the length of the seedling roots in the 6 boxes provided in Table 1.
Rekod panjang akar biji benih dalam 6 petak yang disediakan dalam Jadual 1.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
[ Lihat Sebelah]
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1(a)
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(b) (i)
State two different observations made from Table 1.

Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang dibuat daripada Jadual 1.
For
examiners
use
Observation 1:
Pemerhatian 1:
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Observation 2:
Pemerhatian 2:
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1(b) (i)
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[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(ii)
State the inferences from the observations in 1 (b)(i).

Nyatakan inferens daripada pemerhatian di 1 (b)(i).
Inference from observation 1:
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1:
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Inference from observation 2:
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2:
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1(b) (ii)
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[3 marks]
[3 markah]
[ Lihat Sebelah]
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(c)
For
examiners
use
Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.
Variable
Pembolehubah
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
Method to handle the variable

Cara mengendalikan pembolehubah
Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerak balas
Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
1(c)
Table 2
Jadual 2
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(d)
State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
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1(d)
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[3 marks]
[3 markah]
[ Lihat Sebelah]
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(e)
(i)
For
Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen examiners
use
ini.
Your table should have the following titles:
Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut:
Types of soil
Jenis tanah
Length of the seedling root
Panjang akar biji benih
Average length of the seedling roots
Purata panjang akar biji benih
Growth rate of the seedling roots
Kadar pertumbuhan akar biji benih
Use the formula:
Growth rate = Average length of the seedling roots
Time
Gunakan formula:
Kadar pertumbuhan = Purata panjang akar biji benih
Masa
1(e)(i)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
[ Lihat Sebelah]
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(ii)
Using the data in 1 (e)(i), draw a bar chart of the growth rate against the types
of soil using the graph paper provided on page 8.
Dengan menggunakan data di 1(e)(i), lukis satu carta bar bagi kadar
pertumbuhan melawan jenis tanah menggunakan kertas graf yang disediakan
pada halaman 8.
For
examiners
use
1(e)(ii)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(f)
Based on the bar chart in 1 (e)(ii), explain the relationship between the types of soil
and the growth rate of the seedling roots.
Berdasarkan carta bar di 1 (e)(ii), terangkan hubungan antara jenis tanah dan
kadar pertumbuhan akar biji benih.
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1(e)
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[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(g)
If the experiment is carried out by using loamy soil mixed with saw dust, predict the
length of the seedling roots after 3 days. Explain your prediction.
Sekiranya eksperimen itu dijalankan dengan menggunakan tanah gembur
bercampur habuk kayu, ramalkan panjang akar biji benih selepas 3 hari.
Terangkan ramalan anda.
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1(g)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(h)
State the operational definition for growth.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pertumbuhan.
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1(h)
..............................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
[ Lihat Sebelah]
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Graph of the growth rate against the types of soil

Graf kadar pertumbuhan melawan jenis tanah
[ Lihat Sebelah]
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(h)
Another group of students carried out an experiment to investigate the growth curve
For
of the organisms listed below.
Sekumpulan pelajar lain telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji pola examiners
use
pertumbuhan bagi organisma yang tersenarai seperti di bawah.
Grasshopper
Belalang
Cockroach
Lipas
Fish
Ikan
Maize plant
Pokok jagung
Crab
Ketam
Paddy plant
Pokok padi
Leech
Lintah
Classify the above organisms according to their growth curve in Table 3.

Kelaskan organisma-organisma di atas mengikut pola pertumbuhannya dalam
Jadual 3.
Sigmoid curve
Lengkungan sigmoid
Series of steps
Berbentuk tangga
1(i)
Table 3
Jadual 3
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
Total 1
33
[ Lihat Sebelah]
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10
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2.
Statement 1 / Pernyataan 1
KUALA LUMPUR, March 30 (Bernama): Popular radio DJ and television personality

is in critical condition at Selayang Hospital, suffering from what is believed to be an
infection caused by rat urine, a hospital spokesman said today.
KUALA LUMPUR, 30 Mac (Bernama): Seorang personaliti radio dan televisyen
terkenal sedang dalam keadaan tenat di hospital Selayang, dipercayai mengalami
jangkitan kencing tikus, menurut jurucakap hospital.
Statement 2/ Pernyataan 2
The spreading of germ in rats urine (Leptospirosis) is caused by bacteria Lactospira

sp., is believed to be transmitted from animal to human. However, rat is detected as
primary vector because it likes to feed and lives in dirty area.
Penyebaran jangkitan kuman kencing tikus (Leptospirosis) disebabkan bacteria
Lactospira sp. dipercayai menular daripada haiwan kepada manusia. Bagaimanapun
tikus dikesan sebagai penyebar utama bakteria ini kerana ia gemar makan dan
tinggal di tempat yang kotor.
A group of biologists decides to carry out a study to find out the population size of the rats
in two different area, wet market and dumping area before deciding the appropriate
approach to overcome the problem faced by the community.
Sekumpulan ahli biologi bercadang menjalankan kajian untuk menentukan saiz populasi
tikus di dua kawasan berbeza, iaitu pasar basah dan tempat pembuangan sampah sebelum
mencari jalan penyelesaian kepada masalah yang dihadapi oleh komuniti di kawasan
berkenaan.
Plan an experiment that can be carried out in two different locations to study the
population of rats.
Rancang satu eksperimen yang boleh dijalankan di dua lokasi berbeza untuk mengkaji
populasi tikus.
The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:
Perancangan eksperimen anda mestilah merangkumi aspek-aspek berikut:
Problem statement / Pernyataan masalah
Hypothesis / Hipotesis
Variables / Pembolehubah
List of apparatus and materials / Senarai radas dan bahan
Experimental procedure / Prosedur eksperimen
Presentation of data / Persembahan data
(17 marks)
(17markah)
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SPACE FOR ANSWERS

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4551/3
1. This question paper consists of two questions : Question 1 and Question 2.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua soalan : Soalan 1 dan Soalan 2.
2. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question
paper.
Jawab semua soalan. Jawapan anda hendaklah ditulis dalam ruang yang disediakan
dalam kertas soalan ini.
3. Write your answers for Question 2 on the answer sheets provided. You may use
equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your
answers.
Tulis jawapan anda bagi Soalan 2 dalam kertas jawapan yang dibekalkan. Anda
boleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk
menjelaskan jawapan anda.
4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.
Tunjukkan kerja mengira, ini membantu anda mendapatkan markah.
5. The diagrams in the question are not drawn to scale unless stated.
6. The marks allocated for each question and sub-section of a question is shown in
brackets.
Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan dan ceraian soalan ditunjukkan
dalam kurungan.
7. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Then
write down the new answer.
Sekiranya anda hendak menukarkan jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibuat.
Kemudian tuliskan jawapan yang baru.
Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan.
9. You are advised to spend 45 minutes to answer Question 1 and 45 minutes for
Question 2.
Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 45 untuk menjawab Soalan 1 dan 45 minit
untuk Soalan 2.
10. Tie the helaian tambahan together with this question paper and hand in to the
invigilator at the end of the examination.
Ikat helaian tambahan bersama-sama kertas soalan ini dan serahkan kepada
pengawas peperiksaan pada akhir peperiksaan.
SULIT

Biology Paper 1, 2, 3 Trial SPM 2011 MRSM

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Biology Paper 1, 2, 3 Trial SPM 2011 MRSM

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SULIT

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

Satu jam lima belas minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang buku soalan.

This booklet consists of 35 printed pages and 1 unprinted pages

[Lihat halaman sebelah

2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan

Diagram 1 shows an animal cell.

Diagram 2 shows a mesophyll cell of a leaf.

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Diagram 3 shows a banana plant.

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Diagram 4 shows the transport of water molecule through process Y in a unicellular

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Diagram 5 shows a structure of an enzyme and substrate to form an enzyme-substrate

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Jelly with starch

Amylase solution + Hydrochloric acid

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Diagram 7 shows a plant cell undergoing mitotic cell division.

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Diagram 9 shows parts of human alimentary canal.

Diagram 10 shows the structure of a villus.

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

0.1% Sodium hydrogen carbonate solution

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Diagram 12 shows the alimentary canal of a rabbit.

Diagram 13 shows a part of human digestive system.

Which of the following statement can cause haemorrhoids?

Tumors grow at structure R

Blood vessel at S become swollen

The faeces is stuck at P

The abnormal reabsorbtion of water at Q

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Table 1 shows the result of an experiment to determine the percentage of vitamin C in

1ml of DCPIP solution (ml)

in fruit juice (%)

Isipadu yang diperlukan untuk

melunturkan 1ml larutan DCPIP (ml)

fruit juice (%)

0.1% ascorbic acid

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Table 2 shows the type and quantity of food taken by a student.

Energy value per 100g of food / kJ

Nilai tenaga per 100g makanan / kJ

Calculate the total energy value obtained by the student.

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Table 3 shows the nutrient content in 100g of various types of food.

Apple and rice

Nasi dan epal

Nasi dan telur

Eggs and white bread

Telur dan roti putih

Rice and eggs

Which of the following equation show anaerob respiration in yeast?

2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 + 210 kJ

2 C2H4O2 + 2 CO2 + H2O + 210 kJ

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 2898 kJ

4551/1 2011 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA

Diagram 14 shows two organisms P and Q.

Which of the following muscle action is true during inhalation?