Terms

Operational amplifier: An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a DCcoupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input
and, usually, a single-ended output.
H- Bridge motor control: A H Bridge is an electronic circuit that
enables a voltage to be applied across a load in either direction. These
circuits are often used in robotics and other applications to allow DC
motors to run forwards and backwards.
Hall Effect sensor: A Hall Effect sensor is a transducer that varies its
output voltage in response to a magnetic field. Hall Effect sensors are
used for proximity switching, positioning, speed detection, and current
sensing applications. In its simplest form, the sensor operates as an
analog transducer, directly returning a voltage.
Passive infrared sensor: A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an
electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from
objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based
motion detectors.
IR distance sensor: This SHARP distance sensor bounces IR off
objects to determine how far away they are. It returns an analog
voltage that can be used to determine how close the nearest object is.
Comes with 12" long 3-JST interface wire. These sensors are good for
short-range detection. For over 1 m distance, we suggest using sonar
sensors.
555 timer: The 555 timer is an extremely versatile integrated circuit
which can be used to build lots of different circuits. You can use the
555 effectively without understanding the function of each pin in
detail.
Voltage regulators: A voltage regulator is designed to automatically
maintain a constant voltage level. A voltage regulator may be a simple
"feed-forward" design or may include negative feedback control loops.

It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic

components.
Voltage trigger: The trigger voltage is when the flash is all charged
up, ready to fire, on, is the measured voltage from the hot shoe center
pin--on older flashes the ONLY pin--to ground, which is the side of the
hto shoe. On older film cameras, the hot shoe was activated by a
mechanically operated switch, very low current, but they would handle
the high voltage--nearly 300V on some old flashes.
Opto isolator: An opt isolator (also known as optical coupler, opt
coupler and Opto-isolator) is a semiconductor device that uses a short
optical transmission path to transfer an electrical signal between
circuits or elements of a circuit, while keeping them electrically
isolated from each other.
Photo transistor: A phototransistor is a light-sensitive transistor. A
common type of phototransistor, called a photo bipolar transistor, is in
essence a bipolar transistor encased in a transparent case so that
light can reach the basecollector junction.