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Types of texts in science in general

Purpose
Teaching

Learning

Performing job
duties

Recording lab
work

Professional
exposition and
synthesis

Seeking research
resources
Informing
citizens

Text types
Lecture notes and transcrips
Textbooks and guidebooks
Reference books (including manuals,
handbooks, dictionaries,
encyclopedias, atlases)
Curricula and syllabi
Electronic slides
Multimedia materials
Web-based information packs
Other pedagogical materials
Essays
Research reports
Dissertations
Other types of assignments
Job applications
On-the-job notes and records
(including electronic)
Communications (emails, letters,
memoranda, meeting minutes)
Activity progress reports
Guidelines and procedures
Codes of conduct
Lab notes
Lab records
Lab reports
(including electronic)

Intended readers
Students
Teachers

Linguistic style
Moderately to highly
formal
Jargon usually explained

Teachers
Students

Moderately to highly
formal
Jargon typically present

Colleagues
Administrators
Supervisors
Collaborators

From informal to highly


formal
Low to heavy use of
jargon
Abbreviations
Acronyms
Shorthand

The author
him/herself
Coworkers
Supervisors
Collaborators

Scholarly articles (experimental,


review, theoretical, methodological,
case study)
Scholarly books
Abstracts
Notes and visual media for conference
papers and seminars
Letters and emails
Grant proposals to funding agencies
such as governmental, corporate,
philanthropic
Newspaper articles
Magazine articles
Public books (includes explanations,
personal arguments, histories,
biographies and autobiographies)
Web-based materials
Press releases
Newsletters
Pamphlets
Brochures
Creative texts
Expert testimony and other consulting
documents

Researchers in the
same field or in
related fields

From informal to highly


formal
Lab jargon
Abbreviations
Acronyms
Shorthand
Heavy use of jargon
Highly formal

(Adapted from Goldbort, 2006, Writing for Science)

Granting agency
officials, peer
reviewers
General public
and special
interest groups

Highly formal
Moderate to heavy use of
jargon
Formality and jargon low
to moderate

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