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A. Two Main Types of Cells
A. Two Main Types of Cells
A. Two Main Types of Cells
1. prokaryote
* cells do not have a nucleus
* bacteria
2. eukaryotes
1. Cell Wall
cells
cell
wall
2. Cell Membrane
a. all cells have cell membranes
b. plant cells = inside of the cell wall
c. cells without cell wall = outside boundary
that separates the cell from its
environment
2. Nuclear envelope
a. membrane that surrounds the nucleus
b. material passes into and out of the
nucleus
through pores in the nuclear envelope
3. Chromatin
a. thin strands floating in the nucleus
b. contains genetic information (DNA)
* the instructions for directing the cell functions
4. Nucleolus
a. structure found within nucleus
b. where the ribosomes are made
* ribosomes produce proteins
1. Mitochondria
a. powerhouses of the cell
b. convert food molecules into energy that
the cell can use to carry out its functions
b. 2 types:
* rough ER
- has ribosomes
* smooth ER
- NO ribosomes
3. Ribosomes
a. location:
* attached to rough ER
* floating in the cytoplasm
b. function = produce proteins
4. Golgi Bodies
a. cells mail room
* receives proteins and other newly formed
materials from the ER
* packages the proteins and materials
* distributes them to other parts of the cell
5. Chloroplasts
a. floating in the cytoplasm of plant cells
b. capture energy from the sunlight and use
it to produce food for the cell
Chloroplast
6. Vacuoles
a. large water filled sac floating
in the cytoplasm
b. storage area for cells; food, water,
waste products, and other materials
c. most plant cells have one large vacuole
7. Lysosomes
a. small round, structures containing
chemicals (enzymes) that break down
certain materials in the cell
The choloroplast.
D. Specialized Cells
1. multi-celled organisms have cells that
are specialized to perform specific
functions
2. cells are often organized into tissues