BN V THUT NG VN BN PHP LUT

TRONG H THNG PHP LUT VIT NAM

DISCUSSION ON THE TERM "LEGAL DOCUMENTS"
IN LEGAL SYSTEM OF VIETNAM
ThS. Trn Th Mai Phc(*)
(Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc M TP.HCM, S 03 (42) 2015)
TM TT
Bi vit bn v khi nim Vn bn php lut trong php lut hin hnh v
bnh lun v thut ng ny trong d tho Lut Ban hnh Vn bn php lut ang
c Quc hi kha XIII d kin thng qua ti k hp th IX.
Php lut hin hnh nc ta cha c mt khi nim no v Vn bn php
lut nn c nhiu quan im khc nhau v thut ng ny. Bi vit vin dn v phn
tch 5 quan im ph bin v kt lun rng vn bn php lut c phm tr rng
hn vn bn quy phm php lut. Trong khi , d tho Lut ban hnh Vn bn
php lut s dng thut ng ny thay th cho vn bn quy phm php lut. Bi
vit cho rng s dng thut ng t tn cho vn bn l hp l, v vn bn cn
iu chnh phm vi rng hn. Tuy nhin, vic s dng mang tnh thay th th tc gi
khng ng h, v nh th l Lut mi b st mt s loi vn bn l ra c xp
vo vn bn php lut. Trn c s , bi vit a ra mt s kin ngh gp xy
dng D tho Lut Ban hnh Vn bn php lut.
T kha: Vn bn php lut, Vn bn quy phm php lut.
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the concept of legal documents in the current
legislation and comment on the terms of the draft Law on Promulgation of legal
Documents will be passed by the National Assembly XIII , at the 9th session.
Current laws of our country does not have a concept of legal documents
should have many different views on this term. The article cited and analyzed 5
popular opinions and concluded that legal documents has connotations than
Legal normative documents. Meanwhile, the draft Law on Promulgation of legal
Documents used this term to replace Legal normative documents. This article
argues that the term used to name the text is justified , because the new law need to
be adjusted over a wide range. However, the authors do not support the use of
anonymous replacement, such as the new law has overlooked some documents
should be put in legislation . On this basis, the article gives some constructive
suggestions propose draft Law on Promulgation of legal Documents.
Key words: Legal documents, Legal normative documents.

(*)

1.

Ging vin khoa Kinh t v Lut, trng i hc M TP. H Ch Minh.

t vn
1

K hp th IX ca Quc hi kha XIII d kin s din ra t ngy 20/5 n

ngy 25/6/2015. Ti k hp ny, Quc hi s thng qua 11 d n lut, trong c
Lut Ban hnh Vn bn php lut. Trc , d tho ln 3 ca Lut c tn gi l
Lut Vn bn quy phm php lut. y l d lut c php in ha t hai vn bn
lut hin hnh l Lut ban hnh Vn bn quy phm php lut ca Hi ng nhn
dn v y ban nhn dn nm 2004 v Lut ban hnh Vn bn quy phm php lut
nm 2008.
Trong khi php lut hin hnh nc ta cha c mt khi nim no v Vn
bn php lut th s xut hin thut ng ny trong h thng php lut, thm ch l s
xut hin mang tnh thay th, cho thy thut ng cn c nghin cu, nh gi
su hn. Bi vit tip cn khi nim Vn bn php lut trong php lut hin hnh
v bnh lun v thut ng ny trong d tho ang c Quc hi nghin cu thng
qua- Lut Ban hnh Vn bn php lut.
2.

Thut ng Vn bn php lut trong h thng php lut hin hnh

Thut ng vn bn php lut khng ch c s dng ph bin trong i

sng php lut m cn rt gn gi vi nhiu c nhn, t chc trong i sng hng
ngy. V dng nh s ph bin lm cho ngi ta qun i s khc bit gia n
vi vn bn quy phm php lut, thm ch nhiu ngi cn ngh rng vn bn php
lut l cch ni ngn gn ca vn bn quy phm php lut. Do vy, trn thc t, c
nhiu ngi cho rng khng c s khc nhau gia hai loi vn bn ny m ch c s
khc nhau gia khi nim vn bn php lut v vn bn php quy; hoc gia vn
bn php lut vi vn bn hnh chnh,
Trong khoa hc php l, s phn bit hai thut ng vn bn php lut v vn
bn quy phm php lut l ht sc cn thit. V vn bn quy phm php lut th
c Lut nh nn d dng xc nh c khi nim, c im, trnh t, th tc,
thm quyn ban hnh, v c th d dng lit k tng vn bn 1. Trong khi , vic
a ra khi nim v xc nh ni hm ca vn bn php lut hin nay c rt nhiu
quan im, c th vin dn 5 quan im sau:
Quan im th nht: ng nht vn bn php lut vi vn bn quy
phm php lut;
Quan im th hai: Vn bn php lut bao gm vn bn quy phm
php lut v vn bn p dng quy phm php lut;

1 Xem iu 2 Lut ban hnh Vn bn quy phm php lut nm 2008 v Khon
2 iu 1 Lut ban hnh Vn bn quy phm php lut ca Hi ng nhn dn
v y ban nhn dn nm 2004.

Quan im th ba: Vn bn php lut bao gm vn bn quy phm

php lut, vn bn p dng quy phm php lut v vn bn hnh chnh khc 2;
Quan im th t: Vin dn iu 4 Ngh nh 110/2004/N-CP ngy
08/4/2004 ca Chnh ph v cng tc vn th ( c sa i, b sung bi Ngh
nh 09/2012/N-CP), quan im ny cho rng: Vn bn php lut bao gm hai
loi l vn bn quy phm php lut v vn bn hnh chnh (bao gm vn bn p
dng quy phm php lut v mt s vn bn hnh chnh khc)3;
Quan im th nm cho rng Vn bn php lut bao gm 3 loi l vn
bn quy phm php lut, vn bn ch o v vn bn c bit 4. Theo , vn bn
hnh chnh l mt phm tr hon ton khc nm ngoi vn bn php lut.
Ngoi nm quan im trn cn c mt vi quan im khc m tc gi cho
rng l nhng quan im khng chnh thng, khng nn dng trch dn trong
cc ti liu, sch bo php l. Th nhng, c khng t sinh vin vin dn quan im
ny khi vit Tiu lun hay thc hin cc bi tho lun nhm. Do vy, tc gi khng
vin dn trong bi vit ny.
Chng ti cho rng nu chu kh tm ti, nghin cu, ngi c s lc vo
ma trn chng cht nhng quan im nu trn v kh c th xc nh c quan
im no l c l hn c. y cng chnh l l do lm cho ngi hc tr nn th
ng. Kt qu kho st 300 sinh vin tng hc mn L lun nh nc v php lut
ti trng i hc M Tp.HCM cho thy gn 70% sinh vin khng dm c nhiu
sch khi hc mn ny. Trong , s sinh vin s khng bit quan im no l chnh
thng (chim 30%), s b ln ln hoc phn tm khi chn p n lc lm bi thi trc
nghim (chim 16,7%), ch c duy nht mt cun ti liu do ngi dy cung cp
(chim 23,3%)5.
tin theo di, c th minh ha 5 quan im trn qua Bng 1:

2 Ba quan im ny dn theo Trng i hc Lut Tp.HCM (2012). Gio trnh

Xy dng vn bn php lut, Nxb Hng c, Hi Lut gia Vit Nam, tr.14.
3 Trng i hc Lut Tp.HCM. Gio trnh Xy dng vn bn php lut, sd,
tr.15.
4 Phan Trung Hin (2011, thng 9). Ngh quyt ca Quc hi l vn bn Lut
hay di Lut. Tp ch Nghin cu lp php, s 18 (203). Ly t trang web ca
Tp ch Nghin cu lp php: http://www.nclp.org.vn
5 Kt qu kho st ly t Trn Th Mai Phc (2014, thng 6). Mt s vn
trong L lun Nh nc v php lut. ti Nghin cu Khoa hc & Cng ngh
cp Trng, nghim thu ti trng i hc M Tp.HCM, trang x phn Ph lc.

Vn bn php lut

Cc quan im v
ni hm ca vn
bn php lut
Quan im 1

Vn bn quy
phm php lut

Quan im 2

Vn bn quy
phm php lut

Vn bn p dng
quy phm php lut

Quan im 3

Vn bn quy
phm php lut

Vn bn p dng
quy phm php lut

Quan im 4

Vn bn quy
phm php lut

Vn bn hnh chnh
Vn bn p dng
quy phm php lut

Quan im 5

Vn bn quy
phm php lut

Vn bn
hnh chnh
khc

Mt s vn
bn hnh
chnh khc
Vn bn
ch o

Vn bn
c bit

* Bng 1: Cc quan im th hin ni hm ca Vn bn php lut

R rng, d c nhiu quan im khc nhau nhng tt c cc quan im u
ging nhau ch tha nhn vn bn php lut bao hm c vn bn quy phm php
lut. Hay ni khc hn, vic xc nh v tr ca vn bn quy phm php lut trong
Vn bn php lut c nht qun. iu ny khng phi ngu nhin m l do
Vn bn quy phm php lut c quy nh thng nht, r rng, khng c tn gi
khc nn d dng xc nh. Ngc li, cc loi vn bn khc khng c php lut
quy nh nn mi ngi mi quan im, mt loi vn bn c gi bng hai hay ba
tn gi nn thiu s thng nht.
Theo nghin cu ca ngi vit th thut ng vn bn php lut mc d
c s dng kh ph bin trong vn ni v c vn vit nhng khng chnh thc c
mt trong h thng php lut nc ta. Vn ny dng nh cng b b ng trong
cc gio trnh mang tnh chuyn ngnh. Chng hn, trong Gio trnh L lun nh
nc v php lut, hu ht cc tc gi u khng cp n thut ng ny 6. Mt
trng hp hy hu c nhc n t vn bn php lut th li s dng rt t, dng
6

n c mt s Gio trnh: Trng i hc Lut H Ni - L Minh Tm Ch bin (2006), Gio trnh L

lun nh nc v php lut, Nxb T php; Phm Hng Thi, inh Vn Mu (2009), Gio trnh L
lun nh nc v php lut, Nxb Giao thng Vn ti; Trng i hc Lut H Ni Nguyn Minh
oan Ch bin (2014), Gio trnh L lun Nh nc v php lut, Nxb T php.

nh mun gi tt cho thut ng vn bn quy phm php lut ch khng c xy

dng chnh thc thnh mt mc ring6. Cn trong cc Gio trnh Lut Hnh chnh
Vit Nam, thut ng ny li cng khng c nhc n7.
Ngi vit cho rng vn bn php lut cn c nh ngha l Vn bn do c
quan, cn b, cng chc c thm quyn trong c quan nh nc v mt s t chc
chnh tr - x hi c trao quyn ban hnh theo cc hnh thc, th tc do php lut
quy nh iu chnh cc quan h x hi ph hp vi ch nh nc.
T nh ngha ny, cn tch bch r Vn bn php lut khng ch bao gm
nhng loi vn bn c quy tc x s chung (tc vn bn quy phm php lut) m
bao gm 3 loi: Vn bn quy phm php lut, Vn bn p dng quy phm php lut
v mt s Vn bn Hnh chnh. Trong mt s Vn bn Hnh chnh , chng ti
mun ni n vn bn ch o. Trong h thng vn bn php lut, c nhng loi vn
bn c cng tnh cht hay ni cch khc l mt loi vn bn c th c nhiu tn gi
khc nhau. th hin quan im ca mnh trong vic nh danh, nh nhm cc
loi vn bn cng nh xc nh ni hm ca Vn bn php lut, c th minh ha

6 Xem i hc Quc gia H Ni, Khoa Lut, Nguyn Cu Vit ch bin (2003).
Gio trnh L lun chung v nh nc v php lut. Nxb i hc Quc gia H
Ni, tr. 325-327 (trong mc IV. H thng php lut v h thng cc vn bn quy
phm php lut, v mc V. Xy dng php lut v h thng ha php lut)
7 Trong cun Gio trnh Lut Hnh chnh Vit Nam ca PGS.TS. Nguyn Cu
Vit, xut bn mi nht vo nm 2013, c rt nhiu kin thc qu bu v hnh
chnh. D rt quan tm nhng chng ti cng khng tm thy c thut ng
vn bn php lut l g? bao gm nhng loi no? mc d qua trao i trc
tip, tc gi cun sch cho bit Vn bn php lut bao gm 3 loi l vn bn
ch o, vn bn quy phm v vn bn c bit (quan im ny chnh l quan
im th 5 m chng ti trnh by trn).

(Trong : (4) va thuc (*), va thuc (**); (6) thuc (**) v khng phi l
Vn bn php lut).
T s minh ha trn, tc gi cho rng c 2 im ng phn tch sau:
Th nht, Nu ni vn bn php lut gm vn bn p dng quy phm
php lut v vn bn hnh chnh th phi tr ra vn bn hnh chnh thng thng 8.
V loi vn bn ny c ch th ban hnh rt rng (nhiu c quan, t chc) nn
khng th xem l Vn bn php lut. S d chng ti cho rng trong vn bn hnh
chnh c loi thuc vn bn php lut, c loi l vn bn thng thng v rng c s
khc nhau rt r gia mt vn bn hnh chnh do c quan c thm quyn ban hnh
vi mt vn bn hnh chnh do mt cng ty ban hnh. V d: Thng bo np thu
nh t ca Chi cc thu l mt vn bn hnh chnh nhng gi tr thi hnh ca n c
s m bo bng php lut. Trong khi , Thng bo v vic tuyn dng nhn vin
ca cc cng ty, x nghip, trng hc, cng l vn bn hnh chnh nhng gi tr
thi hnh khng th hin c s m bo bng php lut.
Trong thc tin, ngay c khi do chnh c quan nh nc ban hnh cng cn
c s phn bit ny v r rng trong hot ng ca mnh, cc c quan ny c thm
quyn ban hnh nhiu loi vn bn c gi tr khc nhau. Trong , c nhng vn bn
mang tnh php l rt cao nhng cng c nhng vn bn rt thng thng. C
trng hp Bin bn cuc hp gia chnh quyn vi dn l ra phi c cung cp
cho dn ngay sau khi cuc hp kt thc, nhng lc h vin l do cn ng du s
cung cp sau. n khi dn yu cu cung cp bin bn cuc hp c ch k ca h th
phi lm n xin, vy m xin cn khng c. L do chnh quyn t chi v cho
8 Theo PGS.TS. Nguyn Cu Vit th trong phm tr vn bn php lut khng
cha ng vn bn hnh chnh. V th, vn bn hnh chnh khng chia lm
hai loi m ch c mt loi, loi ny thun ty l mt dng vn bn m c
quan, t chc no cng c th ban hnh c- y chnh l loi vn bn m
chng ti cho rng l vn bn hnh chnh thng thng.

rng cc ti liu dn ngh cung cp trong n l cc vn bn hnh chnh ca c

quan nh nc c qun l theo quy nh, khng phi vn bn cung cp cho
dn9. iu ny lm nhn dn bc xc, suy gim lng tin vo chnh quyn v php
lut.
Th hai, Vn bn p dng quy phm php lut l mt dng vn bn c
bit nn chng ti ghp chng vo mt nhm. Trong tm chia ra lm hai loi v
cn phi phn bit vn bn p dng quy phm php lut ca c quan hnh chnh nh
nc vi cc c khc. Chng hn, bn n ca Ta n hay quyt nh ca Vin Kim
st trong hot ng t tng l mt vn bn p dng quy phm php lut (thuc vn
bn php lut) nhng khng th coi n l vn bn hnh chnh c. Do vy, vn bn
p dng quy phm php lut ca c quan hnh chnh nh nc c xc nh c th
l vn bn p dng quy phm php lut, cng c th l vn bn hnh chnh.
Quay tr li vi 5 quan im nu trn th thy quan im ca chng ti
gn ging vi quan im th 5 (vn bn php lut gm vn bn quy phm php lut,
vn bn ch o v vn bn c bit). Ch khc ch chng ti lm r thm cc
loi vn bn v xem vn bn c bit chnh l vn bn p dng quy phm php lut.
Cn vi quan im th 3 v th 4, chng ti ch khc im l khng tn thnh tn
gi vn bn hnh chnh khc m ch r ra chnh l vn bn ch o.
Nh phn tch, chng ti nhn thy trong bn nhm vn bn c quy
nh ti iu 4 Ngh nh 110/2004/N-CP ( c Ngh nh 09/2010/N-CP
sa i, b sung)10 th ch c vn bn quy phm php lut v mt s vn bn hnh
chnh c coi l vn bn php lut.

9 Xem Vn (2013, ngy 29/01). Bin bn bin thnh vn bn nh nc. Ly t trang web ca Bo Lao
ng: http://laodong.com.vn/phap-luat/bien-ban-bien-thanh-van-ban-nha-nuoc-101005.bld.

10 iu 4 Ngh nh 110/2004/N-CP (sa i, b sung nm 2010) quy nh

Hnh thc vn bn hnh thnh trong hot ng ca cc c quan, t chc bao
gm: 1/. Vn bn quy phm php lut theo quy nh ca Lut Ban hnh vn
bn quy phm php lut v cc vn bn quy nh chi tit bin php thi hnh
Lut ny. 2/. Vn bn hnh chnh: Ngh quyt (c bit), quyt nh (c bit), ch
th, quy ch, quy nh, thng co, thng bo, hng dn, chng trnh, k
hoch, phng n, n, d n, bo co, bin bn, t trnh, hp ng, cng
vn, cng in, bn ghi nh, bn cam kt, bn tho thun, giy chng nhn,
giy u quyn, giy mi, giy gii thiu, giy ngh php, giy i ng, giy
bin nhn h s, phiu gi, phiu chuyn, th cng. 3/. Vn bn chuyn ngnh
- do B trng, Th trng c quan qun l ngnh quy nh sau khi tho thun
thng nht vi B trng B Ni v. 4/. Vn bn ca t chc chnh tr, t chc
chnh tr - x hi.

Cng cn ni thm rng trc y c nhiu ngi cho rng trong h thng
vn bn nh nc c chia thnh hai nhm l vn bn php lut v vn bn hnh
chnh thng thng. Trong , nhm vn bn php lut c vn bn ch o, vn bn
quy phm v vn bn c bit; nhm vn bn hnh chnh thng thng c cng vn,
thng bo, t trnh,11 Hoc cho rng vn bn nh nc c chia thnh hai nhm
l vn bn php lut v vn bn php quy 12. Theo chng ti, php lut hin hnh
quy nh r cc loi vn bn trong iu 4 Ngh nh 110/2004/N-CP nh nu,
trong khng c nhm no c gi l vn bn nh nc. Do vy, nu theo thi
quen, nhiu ngi vn dng thut ng ny th c l chng ta nn hiu chnh l
vn bn php lut m bi vit phn tch trn.
Tuy nhin, cng ch l suy ngh ch quan ca chng ti. Trong thi im
hin ti, hiu thng nht thut ng vn bn php lut v trnh s gii thch ty
tin, chng ti kin ngh chnh thc a thut ng ny vo vn bn php lut hin
hnh. Theo , cn khi nim v xc nh r ni hm ca vn bn php lut bao
gm nhng vn bn no.
3. V thut ng Vn bn php lut trong d tho ang c Quc hi
nghin cu thng qua- Lut Ban hnh Vn bn php lut
Hp nht t ni dung ca Lut ban hnh vn bn quy phm php lut nm
2008 v Lut ban hnh vn bn quy phm php lut ca Hi ng nhn dn v y
ban nhn dn nm 2004, Quc hi kha XIII ang nghin cu thng qua Lut mi.
Ban u, d lut c t tn l Lut vn bn quy phm php lut. Theo ,
thut ng Vn bn php lut cng cha c nhc n, cn Vn bn quy phm
php lut c gii thch ti iu 2 vi hai phng n. Phng n 1 nu Vn bn
quy phm php lut l vn bn cha quy phm php lut do c quan nh nc ban
hnh theo thm quyn, hnh thc, trnh t, th tc c quy nh trong Lut ny;
cn theo phng n 2 th Vn bn quy phm php lut l vn bn do c quan nh
nc c thm quyn ban hnh theo trnh t, th tc do Lut ny quy nh, trong
c quy tc x s chung, c nh nc bo m thc hin nhm iu chnh cc
quan h x hi.
n d tho ln 4, Quc hi i tn t Lut vn bn quy phm php lut
thnh Lut ban hnh vn bn php lut. V c kh nng d lut s c thng qua
vi tn gi ny. c s dng lm tn gi ca mt vn bn, thut ng Vn bn
php lut khng ch ln u tin xut hin m cn xut hin rt chnh thng trong h
thng php lut nc ta.
Lc ny, Vn bn php lut c khi nim l vn bn c cha quy tc
x s chung, c hiu lc bt buc chung, c p dng nhiu ln i vi mi c
11 y cng l quan im ca tc gi Phan Trung Hin, sd.
12 Quan im ca Trung tm o to Vn th lu tr - Th k- Thng tin th
vin, thuc Cng ty C phn Gio dc Vit Nam, truy cp t
http://vanthuluutru.net/static/cac-loai-hinh-van-ban-nha-nuoc/ .

nhn, t chc trong phm vi c nc hoc a gii hnh chnh nht nh, do c
quan Nh nc ban hnh theo ng thm quyn, hnh thc, trnh t, th tc quy
nh trong Lut ny v c Nh nc bo m thc hin; Vn bn c ban hnh
khng ng thm quyn, hnh thc, trnh t, th tc c quy nh trong Lut ny
th khng phi l vn bn php lut (iu 2 D tho Lut ban hnh Vn bn php
lut).
Khi nim trn cho thy vn bn php lut by gi mang y c im ca
vn bn quy phm php lut trc y v tuyt nhin, trong D tho khng tn ti
cm t Vn bn quy phm php lut. Hay ni khc hn, thut ng ny b thay th
hon ton, khng cn c mt trong h thng php lut nu d lut c thng qua.
S d D lut i sang tn ny v cm t Vn bn quy phm php lut b
thay th l xut pht t quan im ca Ch tch Quc hi Nguyn Sinh Hng l b
bt c ci g th b i th tc hnh chnh rm r. ng cho rng thut ng
vn bn quy phm php lut gy m h v khng cn thit. C bn n no tuyn
b cn c vo vn bn quy phm lut khng? ch ni l cn c vo iu my
lut g? Cn c vo iu my ngh nh bao nhiu? Cn c vo iu my thng t
bao nhiu?13.
Phn i gay gt D tho Lut vn bn quy phm php lut khi khng quy
nh Ngh quyt ca Quc hi v ca y ban thng v Quc hi l vn bn quy
phm php lut, Ch tch Quc hi ni thng: Ngh quyt ca Quc hi khng
phi vn bn php lut l ch hiu g c. V d nh b nhim i s khng c Ngh
quyt ca Quc hi thng qua th Ch tch nc ly g m b nhim? Hay b nhim
b trng, nu khng c Quc hi thng qua th lm sao ln c b trng?
Ngh quyt khng c gi tr php lut th gi l g? Ni th u c. Hin php
ni r Ngh quyt ca Quc hi c gi tr nh lut, cn giy trng mc en m gi
b bng i coi khng phi l php lut. Gi ni khng thi hnh l th no? Khng
thi hnh l mt chc. Cng nh Chnh ph m khng ra Ngh quyt cn g l tp
th Chnh ph? Phi c Ngh quyt, ngi thi hnh ch15.
4. Mt s ng gp xy dng d Lut ban hnh Vn bn php lut
Nh phn tch phn 1, tc gi cho rng thut ng Vn bn php lut rt
rng, khng ch n gin bao hm vn bn c cha quy tc x s chung, c hiu lc
bt buc chung nh loi vn bn quy phm php lut hin hnh. Nu nh t trc
n nay, chng ta khng nu khi nim Vn bn php lut trong mt vn bn chnh
thng do Nh nc ban hnh th khi nim ny c nhc n vi mt ngha rt
rng, n bao hm c vn bn quy phm php lut v cc loi vn bn khc. Th
nhng, thut ng mi c th hin trong d lut ni trn th hin rt r quan
13 Ngc Quang (2014). Ngh quyt ca Quc hi l Lut, khng thi hnh l mt chc. Ly t trang web ca Bo Gio
dc Vit Nam: http://giaoduc.net.vn/Xa-hoi/Nghi-quyet-cua-Quoc-hoi-la-Luat-khong-thi-hanh-la-matchucpost150179.gd.

im ca Nh nc ta trong thi gian ti l thay th v bi b hon ton thut ng

vn bn quy phm php lut.
Ngi vit cho rng s t ph ny c u im ln l khc phc c nhng
hn ch, thiu st trong h thng php lut hin hnh. S lit k H thng vn bn
php lut ti iu 2 ca D tho16 s lm chm dt s tranh lun v ni hm ca
khi nim Vn bn php lut trong khoa hc php l.
Tuy nhin, c iu ng lo ngi rng vi khi nim ny th Vn bn php
lut c hiu theo ngha qu hp. S cht hp ny lm cho bn thn n ch bao
hm cc vn bn quy phm php lut m khng th cha c cc loi vn bn
mang tnh ch o hay vn bn p dng quy phm php lut ca c quan nh nc
c thm quyn. Chng hn, cc vn bn c Ch tch Quc hi vin dn nh Ngh
quyt ca Quc hi ph chun vic b nhim i s; b nhim B trng, nu
khng c xem l vn bn php lut th s c xp vo loi vn bn g? Tc gi
15
16

Ngc Quang (2014). Ngh quyt ca Quc hi l Lut, khng thi hnh l mt chc. Ly t trang web ca Bo Gio dc
Vit Nam: http://giaoduc.net.vn/Xa-hoi/Nghi-quyet-cua-Quoc-hoi-la-Luat-khong-thi-hanh-la-mat-chucpost150179.gd.
Hin ti, iu 2 cn nu 2 phng n khi quy nh v H thng vn bn php lut, bao gm:
Phng n 1: a) Hin php; b) Lut, ngh quyt ca Quc hi; c) Php lnh, ngh quyt ca y ban thng v Quc hi;
d) Lnh, quyt nh ca Ch tch nc; ) Ngh nh ca Chnh ph; e) Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph; g)
Ngh quyt ca Hi ng thm phn Ta n nhn dn ti cao; h) Thng t ca B trng, Th trng c quan
ngang b; i) Ngh quyt ca Hi ng nhn dn, quyt nh ca y ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung
ng (sau y gi l Hi ng nhn dn cp tnh, y ban nhn dn cp tnh); k) Vn bn php lut ca chnh
quyn n v hnh chnh - kinh t c bit.
Phng n 2: a) Hin php; b) Lut, ngh quyt ca Quc hi; c) Php lnh, ngh quyt ca y ban thng v Quc hi;
d) Lnh, quyt nh ca Ch tch nc; ) Ngh nh ca Chnh ph; e) Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph; g) Ngh
quyt ca Hi ng thm phn Ta n nhn dn ti cao; h) Thng t ca B trng, Th trng c quan ngang
b; i) Ngh quyt ca Hi ng nhn dn, quyt nh ca y ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng
(sau y gi l Hi ng nhn dn cp tnh, y ban nhn dn cp tnh); k) Vn bn php lut ca chnh quyn n
v hnh chnh - kinh t c bit; l) Vn php lut ca chnh quyn cp huyn; m) Vn bn php lut ca chnh
quyn cp x.

rt tn thnh vi quan im cho rng phi xem nhng vn bn ny l vn bn php

lut, ng thi khng ng h s nh ng cc vn bn ny vi Lut ni ring hay
cc vn bn mang tnh quy phm ni chung. Hay ni khc hn l khng th xem n
l mt vn bn hnh chnh thng thng nh cc T trnh, Thng bo, trong cc
c quan, t chc nhng cng khng xem n l mt vn bn quy phm php lut, c
quy tc x s chung, c p dng nhiu ln trong cuc sng. V l , ngi vit
rt tn thnh vi tn gi ca Lut nh trong D tho hin nay l Lut ban hnh vn
bn php lut nhng khng tn thnh vi vic ng nht vn bn php lut vi vn
bn quy phm php lut.
Xin xut Quc hi mt vi kin ng gp xy dng d lut ang c
cp trong bi vit ny:
Mt l: Hp nht t ni dung ca Lut ban hnh vn bn quy phm
php lut ca HND v UBND nm 2004; Lut ban hnh vn bn quy phm php
lut nm 2008; Php lnh hp nht vn bn quy phm php lut nm 2012; v Ngh
10

quyt s 1139/2007/UBTVQH11 (v ban hnh Quy ch v k thut trnh by d tho

vn bn quy phm php lut ca Quc hi, y ban thng v Quc hi) xy
dng mt vn bn Lut quy nh v hnh thc v ni dung ca vn bn php lut.
Hin ti, d tho vn bn ch php in ha hai vn bn lut nu trn v ch cp
n ni dung vn bn ch cha mun quy nh hnh thc vn bn trong Lut ny.
Tc gi cho rng hot ng ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn trong vic ban
hnh, sa i, bi b, hp nht vn bn php lut rt cn da vo mt vn bn Lut
mang ni dung iu chnh tng hp. Nu nhn di gc ci cch hnh chnh th
iu ny cng tr nn cn thit v c quan ny khng i tm u xa, khng cn c
vo nhiu c s php l thc hin mt hot ng xy dng vn bn.
Hai l: Thng qua d Lut vi tn gi nh D tho ln 4 c phm
vi iu chnh rng - Lut ban hnh vn bn php lut.
Ba l: Thut ng vn bn php lut c s dng trong vn bn ny
cn c gii thch theo ngha rng, khng th thay th hay mang du hiu ca vn
bn quy phm php lut. Do vy, v ni dung, Lut ny s c kt cu nhiu phn,
trong c ring mt phn dnh cho vn bn quy phm php lut.
Bn l: Phn gii thch t ng nn lm r cc khi nim v Vn bn
php lut, Vn bn quy phm php lut, Vn bn lut, Vn bn di lut, Lut v
B lut. Trn c s , cn c quy phm lm r ni hm ca cc khi nim nu trn
l lun v php lut c th xy dng c tiu ch phn bit cc thut ng
trn.
C nhiu vn cn gp xy dng D lut ni trn nhng trong phm vi
bi vit ch cp n thut ng Vn bn php lut nn tc gi xin c trnh by
trong mt chuyn khc. Hy vng rng s xut hin thut ng ny c ngha khc
phc c nhng hn ch, thiu st trong php lut hin hnh ch khng lm thay
i nhn thc, quan im vn tn ti nhiu nm trong khoa hc php l nc
nh./.
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO
1.

Chnh ph (2004). Ngh nh 110/2004/N-CP quy nh v cng tc vn th.

2.

Chnh ph (2010). Ngh nh 09/2010/N-CP quy nh v vic sa i, b sung

Ngh nh 110/2004/N-CP.
D tho Lut Vn bn quy phm php lut (ln 1, 2, 3).
D tho Lut ban hnh Vn bn php lut (ln 4).
Trng i hc Lut H Ni Nguyn Minh oan Ch bin (2014), Gio trnh L
lun Nh nc v php lut, Nxb T php.

3.
4.
5.

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6.
7.
8.

9.

Phm Hng Thi, inh Vn Mu (2009), Gio trnh L lun nh nc v php lut,
Nxb Giao thng Vn ti.
Trng i hc Lut H Ni - L Minh Tm Ch bin (2006), Gio trnh L lun
nh nc v php lut, Nxb T php.
i hc Quc gia H Ni, Khoa Lut, Nguyn Cu Vit ch bin (2003). Gio trnh
L lun chung v nh nc v php lut. Nxb i hc Quc gia H Ni, trang 325327.
Phan Trung Hin (2011, thng 9). Ngh quyt ca Quc hi l vn bn Lut hay
di Lut. Tp ch Nghin cu lp php, s 18 (203). Ly t trang web ca Tp ch
Nghin cu lp php: http://www.nclp.org.vn

10. Trn Th Mai Phc (2014, thng 6). Mt s vn trong L lun Nh nc v

11.

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

17.

18.
19.

php lut. ti Nghin cu Khoa hc & Cng ngh cp Trng, nghim thu ti
trng i hc M Tp.HCM, trang x phn Ph lc.
Ngc Quang (2014). Ngh quyt ca Quc hi l Lut, khng thi hnh l mt chc.
Ly t trang web ca Bo Gio dc Vit Nam:
http://giaoduc.net.vn/Xa-hoi/Nghi-quyet-cua-Quoc-hoi-la-Luat-khongthihanh-la-mat-chuc-post150179.gd.
Quc hi (2004). Lut ban hnh Vn bn quy phm php lut ca Hi ng nhn
dn v y ban nhn dn.
Quc hi (2004). Lut ban hnh Vn bn quy phm php lut.
Trng i hc Lut Tp.HCM (2012). Gio trnh Xy dng vn bn php lut. Nxb
Hng c, Hi Lut gia Vit Nam, trang 14.
y ban Thng v Quc hi (2012). Php lnh Hp nht vn bn quy phm php
lut.
y ban Thng v Quc hi (2007). Ngh quyt s 1139/2007/UBTVQH11 ngy
03/7/2007, ban hnh Quy ch v k thut trnh by d tho vn bn quy phm php
lut ca Quc hi, y ban thng v Quc hi.
Vn (2013, ngy 29/01). Bin bn bin thnh vn bn nh nc. Ly t trang
web ca Bo Lao ng: http://laodong.com.vn/phap-luat/bien-banbien-thanh-vanban-nha-nuoc-101005.bld
Nguyn Cu Vit (2013). Gio trnh Lut Hnh chnh Vit Nam. Nxb i hc Quc
gia H Ni.
Cc loi hnh vn bn nh nc. Ly t trang web ca Trung tm o to Vn th
lu tr - Th k- Thng tin th vin, thuc Cng ty C phn Gio dc Vit Nam:
http://vanthuluutru.net/static/cac-loai-hinh-van-ban-nha-nuoc.
..HT.

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