I

TRNG I HC IN LC
KHOA IN T VIN THNG

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP
TI:TM HIU V TRM BTS MOTOROLA

Ging vin hng dn : ThS. Phan Thi Thanh Ngoc

Sinh vin thc hin

: Nguyn Thi Phng Thao

Lp

: C11 TVT

Kho

:2012 -2015

H NI Nm 2015
1

II

B GIO DUC V O TO
TRNG I HOC IN LC
KHOA IN T VIN THNG

BO CO THC TP CHUYN NGNH

TI : GII THIU V TU BTS MOTOROLA

Ging vin hng dn : TS PHAN THI THANH NGOC

Sinh vin thc hi n : NGUYN THI PHNG THAO
Lp : C11-TVT
MSSV : 1251070034

NM HOC : 2015

III

LI M U
Trong cuc sng hng ngy thng tin lin lc ng mt vai tr rt quan
trng v khng th thiu c. N quyt nh nhiu mt hot ng ca x hi,
gip con ngi nm bt nhanh chng cc thng tin c gi tr vn ha, kinh t,
khoa hc k thut rt a dng v phong ph . Ngy nay vi nhng nhu cu c
v s lng v cht lng ca khch hng s dng cc dch v vin thng
ngy cng cao, i hi phi c nhng phng tin thng tin hin i nhm
p ng cc nhu cu a dng ca khch hng mi lc, mi ni m h cn.
Thng tin di ng ngy nay tr thnh mt dch v kinh doanh khng
th thiu ca tt c cc nh khai thc vin thng trn th gii. i vi cc
doanh nghip th thng tin di ng tr thnh phng tin lin lc quen thuc
v khng th thiu c. Trong nhng nm gn y, vi s hnh thnh nhiu
nh cung cp dch v vin thng mi to ra s cnh tranh thu ht th
phn thu bao gia cc nh cung cp dch v. Cng vi , mc sng chung
ca ton x hi ngy cng c nng cao khin cho s lng cc thu bao
dch v di ng tng t bin trong cc nm gn y.
p ng c nhu cu ca ngi s dng th song song vi cc nh
mng l cc nh khai thc c s h tng cng ng mt vai tr rt quan trng
nhm m rng vng ph sng.
Trong qu trnh thc tp em c cc anh ch trong cng ty tn tnh
hng dn gip nhng do nhn thc v trnh cn hn ch nn bi bo
co nykhng th trnh khi nhng thiu xt. V vy, em rt mong c s
ng gp,nhn xt ca cc thy c v cc bn bi bo co ca em c
hon thin hn na.
c bit, em xin chn thnh cm n thy Nguyn L Cng tn tnh gip
em trong sut qu trnh thc tp v vit bo co.
Em xin chn thnh cm n !

IV

MUC LUC
CHNG 1 : GII THIU CNG TY THC TP

Trang

1.GII THIU CHUNG7

2.NHIM VU.7
3.TM NHIN S MNH...7
4.CHC NNG.8
CHNG 2 : TAI THC TP
A.MT S HINH ANH9
B.THNG TIN C BAN V BTS MOTOROLA
I.

.BTS TRONG MNG GSM.12

I.1 Vai tr ca BTS trong mng di ng.13
I.2 Cu trc h thng thng tin di ng GSM.13

II.

CU TRC C BAN CA BTS

.Khi Anten Thu Pht16

.Khi x l RF...16

.Khi x l baseband.16

.Khi giao tip17

. Khi iu khin17

.Khi cp ngun v cnh bo.....17

III.

BTS Horizonmacro Motorola

1. Gii thiu .17

2. S kt ni.18
3. Mt s thit b trong t HORIZONE II MACRO
3.1. Module qut19
3.2. Khi cp ngun (PSU).19
3.3. Card ngt mch (CBC - Circuit Breaker Card)....20
3.4. Khi thu pht CTU 220
CHNG 3 : KT LUN
Kt lu n v xut22
4

NHN XET
( Cua giang vin hng dn )

..
5

VI

NHN XET
( Cua giang vin phan bi n )

.
6

VII

CHNG 1 : GII THIU CNG TY THC TP

I. GII THIU CHUNG
Tn cng ty : Cng Ty TNHH C Phn Cng Ngh Nht Minh
Gim c: Nguyn L Kin
ia ch: Nh D3 - Ta nh 789 Nhn M- M nh T Lim
H Ni
Tel/Fax: (+84.4) 22285360
E-mail: sales@macrocom.com.vn
II. NHIM VU
Cng vi s pht trin nh khai thc dich v, pht trin thu bao
nh : Vinaphone, Mobifone, Viettel, VietnamMobile v nhu cu s
dng thng tin lin lc tng mnh th nhu cu xy dng cc trm
thu pht sng in thoi di ng (BTS) cng tng cao. Ti thnh
ph ln, tnh l v c ban cc trm BTS p ng nhu cu pht
trin gip thng tin cua bn cng nh moi ngi lun tc thi v
thng sut.
Nhim v chnh cua Cng ty l quan l khai thc kinh doanh dich
v:
- Mng in thoi di ng ton quc (Vinaphone)
- Sa cha,bao dng cc thit bi nh trm BTS.
III. TM NHN S MNH
Dich v thng tin di ng ngy cng pht trin mnh m, tr thnh
mt phn tt yu trong cuc sng cua mi ngi dn Vit Nam. V
vy, Cng ty cng cc n vi thnh vin khc l nhng mt xch
quan trong trong dy chuyn cng ngh bu chnh vin thng
lin hon, thng nht, c mi lin h mt thit vi nhau v t chc
mng li, li ch kinh t, ti chnh, pht trin dich v, nhm
7

VIII

thc hin nhng mc tiu, k hoch Nh nc do Tng Cng ty

giao.
Hng ti l phc v khch hng mt cch tt nht, nng cao i
sng vt cht v tinh thn cua nhn vin, mang li li ch cho i
tc, ng gp v li ch cua cng ng. Tt ca "V con ngi, hng
ti con ngi v gia nhng con ngi".
Nh nhng ng dng cng ngh vin thng tin tin, VinaPhone c
mt khp moi ni, moi cung bc tnh cam mang con ngi n
gn nhau hn, cng nhau trai nghim, chia s Cam Xc - Thnh
Cng Tr Thc. Tin phong trong lnh vc pht trin thng tin di
ng cc vng xa xi cua t nc, va kinh doanh, va phc v
thc y pht trin kinh t x hi ti ia phng.
IV. CHC NNG
- Bao tr, sa cha cc thit bi chuyn ngnh thng tin di ng.
-Dich v nghin cu, pht trin v chuyn giao cng ngh.cng
ngh vin thng,tin hoc.
-Kinh doanh cng ngh v thit bi vn phng,tin hoc,in t,thit
bi bao mt v an ton thong tin.
-Kinh doanh cc loi my mc, thit bi phc v cho nghnh gio
dc,o to.
-T vn v cung cp dich v v gio dc,khoa hoc, cng ngh, vin
thng, vn ha trong nc v quc t.
-San xut,gia cng,kinh doanh phn mn tin hoc.
-Nghin cu pht trin v chuyn giao cng ngh c kh ,in ,in
t ,tin hoc,vin thng,bao mt v an ton thng tin.
-Dich v x l d liu,xy dng c s d liu,lu tr d liu v
khai thc c s d liu (tr loi thong tin nh nc cm).
-Cung ng cc giai php v in,in t,vin thng,tin hoc.
8

IX

CHNG 2 : TI THC TP
GII THIU V TU BTS MOTOROLA
A. MT S HNH ANH :

10

XI

11

XII

B. THNG TIN C BAN :

I. BTS TRONG MNG GSM
H thng GSM c cu thnh bi 3 h thng con:
Trm di ng MS (Mobile Station)
Phn h trm gc BSS (Base Station Subsystem)
Phn h chuyn mch NSS (Network and Switching Subsystem)

Hnh 1.1. S khi h thng GSM

MSMobile Station OMCOperation and Maintenance
Centre
BSS Base Station Subsystem VLR Visitor Location Register
TRX Transceiver HLR Home Location Register
BTS Base Transceiver Station AuC Authentication Centre
BSC Base Station Controller EIR Equipment Identity Register
12

XIII

MSCMobile Switching Centre PSTNPublic Switched Telephone

Network
1. Vai tr ca BTS trong mng di ng
- Xc nh vng ph song ca mng
- Truyn thng tin gia MS v BSC
- Thu pht tn hiu
- X l tn hiu (cao tn Baseband)
- Phi hp cng BSC : Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn
+ Thc hin Handover
+ iu khin cng sut
+ Thc hin nhy tn
2. Cu trc h thng thng tin di ng GSM
Trm di ng MS (Mobile Station)
+ M un nhn dng thu bao SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) l mt
th thng minh nh gn, c chn vo thit b di ng nhn dng u
cui. Mi SIM Card c mt m s nhn dng c nhn dng nhn thc
thu bao.
+ Thit b di ng ME (Mobile Equipment) l thit b tch hp cc khi
mch chc nng nh m ha, iu ch, khuch idng thu tn hiu
v tuyn v ti to tn hiu ban u
Phn h trm gc BSS (Base Station Subsystem)
BSS kt ni thit b di ng vi MSC, c nhim v thu v pht sng v
tuyn.
+ Trm thu pht gc BTS (Base Transceiver Station) gm mt b thu pht
v cc anten s dng trong mi cell. Mt BTS thng c t v tr
trung tm ca mt cell. Nhim v chnh ca BTS l m nhim cc chc
nng v tuyn trong h thng.
Mt b phn quan trng ca BTS l khi chuyn i m v tc TRAU
(Transcoder/Adapter Rate Unit). Thit b ny thc hin qu trnh m ha
v gii m ting c th ring cho h thng di ng v thc hin thch ng
13

XIV

tc trong trng hp truyn s liu. TRAU l mt b phn ca BTS,

nhng cng c th t n cch xa BTS v thm ch trong nhiu trng
hp, TRAU c t gia BSC v MSC.
+ B iu khin trm gc BSC (Base Station Controller) iu khin mt
hoc mt nhm BTS v qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn. BSC chu
trch nhim iu khin nhy tn, iu khin cc mc cng sut tn s v
tuyn ca BTS v thc hin cc chc nng tng i
Phn h chuyn mch NSS (Network and Switching Subsystem)
+ Trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC (Mobile Switching Center) l
thnh phn trung tm ca NSS, thc hin cc chc nng chuyn mch v
cung cp kt ni n cc mng khc.
+ B nh v thng tr HLR (Home Location Register) c xem l mt
c s d liu quan trng ca lu tr thng tin v thu bao thuc vng pht
sng ca MSC. HLR cn lu tr v tr hin ti ca cc thu bao v cc dch
v m cc thu bao ang s dng.
+ B nh v tm tr VLR (Visitor Location Register) lu tr cc thng tin
cn thit cung cp dch v thu bao cho cc thit b di ng t xa n.
Khi mt thu bao nhp vo vng ph sng ca mt MSC mi, VLR s kt
hp vi MSC yu cu cc thng tin v thu bao ny t HLR tng ng.
Khi , VLR s c thng tin m bo cung cp dch v thu bao m
khng cn hi li
HLR mi ln thit lp cuc gi. Mt VLR lun i km vi mt MSC. Do
, vng phc v di s iu khin ca MSC cng l vng di s iu
khin ca VLR .
+ Khi nhn dng thit b EIR (Equipment Identity Register) l thanh ghi
RF Block : X l tn hiu cao tn
X l tn hiu
Baseband
Processor Unit : Khi x l trung tm
Interface : Giao tip vi bn ngoi
Monitoring & Alarm Module : khi cnh bo
14

XV

PDU-Power Distribution Unit

Khi cp ngun
c dng cho mc ch bo mt. EIR lu tr c s d liu thng tin v
tnh hp l ca thit b ME qua s IMEI.
+ Trung tm nhn thc AuC (Authentication Center) cng l mt thanh ghi
c dng cho mc ch bo mt. N cung cp cc tham s cn thit cho
chc nng nhn thc v m ho. Cc tham s ny gip xc minh s nhn
dng thu bao.
+ Trung tm vn hnh v bo tr OMC (Operation and Maintenance
Center) c kt ni n cc thnh phn khc nhau ca MSC v n BSC
iu khin v gim st h thng MSC. N cn chu trch nhim iu
khin lu lng ca BSS.
II. CU TRC C BAN CA BTS

1. Khi Anten Thu Pht

15

XVI

u cui pht tn hiu v tuyn n thu bao.

Nhn tn hiu t thu bao.
c iu chnh hng pht sng, gc ngng
xc nh vng ph sng mong mun.
Tn hiu c truyn theo feeder v t BTS x l.
2. Khi x l RF
Gm cc khi
CTU2: H tr bng tn EGSM900, DCS1800
SURF2
900MHz
1800MHz
Tx Block (c t ti a 6 b pha trn CTU2). C 4 loi Tx block:
DUP
PGSM duplexer
HCU: Hybrid Combiner Unit
DHU: Dual Hybrid Combiner
Chc nng
Lc, khuch i tn hiu thu c t anten
Lc, khuch i tn hiu pht trc khi a ra anten
Phn tch tn hiu thu c t anten
Tng hp tn hiu trc khi a ra anten
Gim st cht lng thu, pht a v khi cnh bo
3. Khi x l baseband.
iu ch / Gii iu ch tn hiu
M ha / Gii m tn hiu
i tn ln / i tn xung
Khuch i tn hiu thu, pht.
4. Khi giao tip
Giao tip vi BSC thng qua giao din Abis
16

XVII

Cung cp u ni cp n BSC
Giao tip E1, T1.
5. Khi iu khin
iu khin chung cc khi chc nng ca BTS
To v cp xung clock cho cc thit b ng b hot ng v ng b
tn hiu.
6. Khi cp ngun v cnh bo
Cp ngun hot ng cho cc khi chc nng
Thu thp thng tin cnh bo v cht lng tn hiu
Thu thp thng tin cnh bo v tnh trng hot ng ca cc khi chc
nng
a ra cnh bo n ngi s dng.
III. BTS Horizonmacro Motorola
1. Gii thiu

Mt t BTS c th c cu hnh:
17

XVIII

6x CTU (900MHz 1800Mhz Dualband) - 6x E1

4x Signalling links (RSLs) - C th nng cp ln 24 CTU trong 4 t
Trng lng t = 115 kg
Cng sut tiu th (max) = 1700watts
Kch thc: 870mm x 700mm x 430mm
Ngun Cung Cp
in p danh nh Mc dao ng in p Cng dng ti a
-27 Vdc -19,5 to +30 Vdc 240 A
-48 Vdc -39 to -72 99A
120/240 Vac (50-60 Hz) 88 270 45A
2. S kt ni

3. Mt s thit b trong t HORIZONE II MACRO

18

XIX

3.1 Module qut

Chng lm lnh cho t, c bit l cho khi thu pht CTU2 v cc module
s trn.
Mi module c 2 qut v chng hot ng lin tc di s iu khin ca
cm bin nhit.
Mt t BTS c ti a 3 qut.
3.2 Khi cp ngun (PSU)
- C 4 khi trong c 4 khi hot ng v 1 khi d phng.
- Trong mi PSU tch hp qut lm mt.
- Nhim v ch yu ca n l bin ingun -48 Vdc c cung cp t
ngun bn ngoi thnh ngun -27 Vdc cungcp cho cc card CTU
hot ng.
Cc Led ch nh trng thi:
Led xanh (Active)
Led (Alarm)
19

XX

Ch nh
OFF OFF
1. Ngun cung cp ca t b tt, hay
2. PSU khng c kt ni.
ON OFF Hot ng bnh thng
OFF ON Cnh bo PSU hng
ON ON
C vn bn trong (chng hn nhit cao, nhng vn duy tr ngun
cung cp)
3.3 Card ngt mch (CBC - Circuit Breaker Card)
CBC cung cp cc mch bo v v linh hot trong vic ngt in bng tay
tng ng vi tng mch ca t.
Cc nt CTU (CTU0 CTU50) dng iu khin vic cung cp ngun
cho cc module CTU tng ng. Cc nt SURF 0,SURF 1, FAN cng
c chc nng tng t vi cc card tng ng.
3.4 Khi thu pht CTU 2

Chc nng :
20

XXI

-Mt CTU2 c kh nng thu pht hai tn s sng mang (mi tn s cha 8
timeslot, c kh nng thc hin c 8 cuc gi ng thi).
- Khi ny c chc nng khuych v x l tn hiu u ra ( tn hiu pht
vthu t card SURF2)
Thc hin chc nng thu pht cc tn s RF
Cha cc mch s thc hin cn bng, m ha/gii m, iu khin b
thu pht
iu khin thu phn tp, tng cht lng thu, gim nh hng fading v
can nhiu
iu khin cng sut pht.
Cc Led ch nh trng thi panel pha trc ca CTU2
LED Trng thi v tuyn ngha
Trng thi v tuyn
Khng sng CTU2 tt
Trng thi v tuyn
n nhp nhy M boot ang c ti
Xanh Hot ng bnh thng
Vng nhp nhy Ch kim tra
Yellow B thu pht b cm
Cnh bo
v xanh nhp nhy xen k
Qu trnh lp trnh li ang thc hin trng thi pht (A) Tx. Khng sng
B pht A tt
Vng B pht A ang pht
Trng thi pht (B) Khng sng B pht B tt Tx
Vng B pht B ang pht
Mt t Horizon II macro c th gn ti a l 6 card CTU2 tu theo cu
hnhm ta c s card CTU2 tng ng v s lng tn s m n to ra.
Card CTU2 giao tip vi my tnh thng qua cng RS232
21

XXII

(TTYINTERFACE CONTROL PROCESSOR). N s ni vi card DUP

thng qua TxOUT CONNECTOR bng cc dy ni
Hot ng:
Tn hiu pht c card CTU2 ghp vo cc khe thi ca tn s tng
ngm n to ra sau d thng qua dy ni(connector)tn hiu s c
khuych i trung tn ti v pht ra vi mc cng sut tng ng ti
card DUP sau thng qua h thng ng dn sng tn hiu s c chuyn
ti antena.
Ngc li tn hiu thu ti antena c chuyn n card DUP. Sau tn
hiu thu s c chuyn n card SURF2, ti y thng qua ma trn ca
card ny th tn hiu thu s c chuyn n card CTU2 tng ng
c x l (gii m,tch tn hiu, ghp lung )
Cng giao tip CTU
TRANSMIT OUT: u ra b pht RF, ni n TX Block.
TTY INTERFACE: Kim tra truy cp n b x l
TEST INTERFACE: Cng kim tra
Chc nng SURF:
Cc LED ca module cnh bo:
V tr ca LED
K hiu
Trng thi ca LED
Thit b c gim st ( Xanh = OK, = Li)
CHNG 3 : KT LUN

- Kt lu n :
Qua sut qu trnh thc tp em c kt c rt nhiu
kinh nghim cho bn thn, v em hiu su hn v ngnh ngh
m mnh ang theo ui, cng vic tuy c vt v i cht nhng
em cm thy rt ho hng v yu thch n. Qua kha thc tp va
22

XXIII

ri em cm thy cng vic kim tra v sa cha t BTS Motorola

i hi ngi th phi c s t m, cn mn khng c nng vi
trong mi giai on cng vic. Em xin gi li cm n n gim
c v cc anh k thut vin trong Cng ty c phn thng mi v
cng ngh Nh t Minh v cho em nhng kinh nghim qu bu
ny.
Kt thc kha thc tp y kh khn nhng kt qu m em
t c tht s l mn qu n p xng ng cho bn thn em.
Sau 1 tun u tin c lm quen vi cng vic tho lp v kim
tra t BTS gip em hiu r hn v cu to ca t BTS , em
hc hi c rt nhiu kinh nghim khi kim tra my, c lm
quen v tip xc vi nhng linh kin my ph bin nht hin nay.
Tuy nhin trong qu trnh kim tra cng cn nhiu sai xt v t
nhng sai xt ny em rt ra 1 s kinh nghim c th cho bn thn
nh:
+ sau khi tho v ngoi t, phi kim tra k thit b bn trong c
b hng, r khng
+phi o chnh xc cc tr, t trong BTS
+nu hng th phi hn sa cha ngay
+khi kim tra BTS phi ni dy chnh xc v v n kha chc
chn
+b t tt cng tc theo th t
+chy chng trnh kim tra chnh xc
-

xut :

Tri qua qu trnh thc tp thc t ti Cng ty c phn

thng mi v cng ngh Nht Minh em nhn thy nhng kin thc
mnh c hc trong nh trng l rt hu ch v gip em rt
nhiu trong khong thi gian em thc tp, nh nhng kin thc
23

XXIV

m em vn dng thnh cng vo thc t gip em hon thnh tt

cc cng vic c cng ty giao ph, em xin cm n nh trng v
cc thy c rt nhiu v to iu kin v c hi cho em theo
ui ngnh ngh m mnh yu thch, em rt mong nh trng s tip
pht huy hn na tip tc o to ra nhng ngi c ch cho x
hi v gp phn xy dng t nc giu mnh hn.

24