Task 1:

syms x f k s m b
x=solve('(m*s^2*x)+(b*x*s)+(k*x)-(f)=0')
g=(x/f)
simplify(g)
pretty(g)
1
-------------2
ms +bs+k
Task 2:
syms m1 m2 f k1 k2 b x1 x2 s
a=solve('x1*(m1*s^2+k1+b*s)-x2*(k1+b*s)=0','f=(m2*x2*s^2)+(k2*x2)+(k1*x2)-(k1*x1)+
(b*x2*s)-(b*x1*s)',x1,x2)
x1=a.x1
x2=a.x2
g=(x1/f)
simplify(g)
pretty(g)
k1 + b s
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------3

k1 k2 + b m1 s + b m2 s + k1 m1 s + k1 m2 s + k2 m1 s + m1 m2 s + b k2 s
Task 3:
syms b1 b2 f k m b y s
y=solve('f=(b1*s*y)+(m*s^2*y)+(b2*s*y)+(k*y)')
g=(y/f)
simplify(g)
pretty(g)
1
---------------------2
k + b1 s + b2 s + m s

Task 4:
syms x1 x2 b f m s k
a=solve('(m*s^2*x1)=f-(b*s*x1)+(b*s*x2)','(k*x2)+(b*x2)-(b*x1)=0',x1,x2)
x1=a.x1
x2=a.x2
g=(x1/f)
simplify(g)
pretty(g)
b+k
----------------------s (b k + b m s + k m s)