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CHAPTER 3(HEREDITY & VARIATION)

3.1 CELL DIVISION(Pembahagian sel)


1. What is

Segmen of DNA
Basic unit of inheritance

Chromosome
s?
DNA(Deoxyribonucleic
acids)

Is a thread-like structure found in the


nucleus of a cell and contains long molecule
called DNA

Gene?

Is double helix and made up of a series of


genes
2. There are 2 types of cell division:
(a).
(b).........

3. What is MITOSIS?
Is a cell division process which a parent cell
divides intoidentical
daughter cell

Where?
(a)Humans:
(b)Plants:

What are the importance?


1. Produce new cell for
2. Replacement of cells and
of tissues
3. .which the
production of new individuals of a
species by one parent organism
4. Vegetative reproduction of plants
involves mitosis

MEIOSIS
Proses pembahagian nucleus sel untuk membentuk 4 sel anak
dengan bilangan kromosom diseparuhkan daripada sel induk.

The process of mitosis

Dimana berlaku?
ORGAN PEMBIAKAN
1. Manusia/Haiwan:
Testis-sperma
Ovari-ovum
2. Tumbuhan:
Anter-butir debunga
Ovari-ovul

FASA-FASA MEIOSIS
Pindah silang (Crossing over)
-Berlaku semasa pasangan kromosom tersusun di
satah khatulistiwa sel
-Bahan genetik daripada satu kromatid satu
kromosom bertukar dengan bahan gentik kromosom
yang lain.
-Menyebabkan variasi genetik berlaku

KEPENTINGAN

1. Proses yang menghasilkan gamet

2. Memastikan Zigot yang terhasil selepas


persenyawaan mempunyai bilangan kromosom
yang sama dengan sel induk
3. Menyebabkan variasi genetik antara
spesies-spesies yang sama melalui pindah silang

Perbezaan di antara mitosis dan meiosis

CIRI
1.

Tujuan

2. Tempat berlaku
3. Bilangan pembahagian bagi
nukleus sel induk
4. Bilangan sel anak terhasil
5. Bilangan kromosom dalam sel
anak berbanding dengan sel
induk
6. Pindah silang kromosom

7. Variasi genetik

Mitosis

Meiosis

Menghasilkan sel-sel baru

Menghasilkan sel gamet

Dalam

Dalam sel organ pembiakan

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