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    Identification of Textile Fibers

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    Debasish Ghosh
    There are different tests that can be used to identify textile fibers, including non-technical tests that do not require special equipment and technical tests that do. Non-technical tests include feeling, burning, and staining tests, while technical tests involve using a microscope, measuring density through solvent floatation, and examining chemical solubility. Density measurement involves placing fibers in solvents of known density, with fibers denser than the solvent sinking and less dense fibers floating. Different fiber types have characteristic densities, such as cotton and other cellulosics being 1.54 g/cc. Chemical tests examine how fibers react to different reagents at set temperatures, revealing properties unique to fiber types like wool dissolving in sodium zincate.

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    Identification of Textile Fibers

    Uploaded by

    Debasish Ghosh
    50 views3 pages
    There are different tests that can be used to identify textile fibers, including non-technical tests that do not require special equipment and technical tests that do. Non-technical tests include feeling, burning, and staining tests, while technical tests involve using a microscope, measuring density through solvent floatation, and examining chemical solubility. Density measurement involves placing fibers in solvents of known density, with fibers denser than the solvent sinking and less dense fibers floating. Different fiber types have characteristic densities, such as cotton and other cellulosics being 1.54 g/cc. Chemical tests examine how fibers react to different reagents at set temperatures, revealing properties unique to fiber types like wool dissolving in sodium zincate.

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    There are different tests that can be used to identify textile fibers, including non-technical tests that do not require special equipment and technical tests that do. Non-technical tests include feeling, burning, and staining tests, while technical tests involve using a microscope, measuring density through solvent floatation, and examining chemical solubility. Density measurement involves placing fibers in solvents of known density, with fibers denser than the solvent sinking and less dense fibers floating. Different fiber types have characteristic densities, such as cotton and other cellulosics being 1.54 g/cc. Chemical tests examine how fibers react to different reagents at set temperatures, revealing properties unique to fiber types like wool dissolving in sodium zincate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    50 views3 pages

    Identification of Textile Fibers

    Uploaded by

    Debasish Ghosh
    There are different tests that can be used to identify textile fibers, including non-technical tests that do not require special equipment and technical tests that do. Non-technical tests include feeling, burning, and staining tests, while technical tests involve using a microscope, measuring density through solvent floatation, and examining chemical solubility. Density measurement involves placing fibers in solvents of known density, with fibers denser than the solvent sinking and less dense fibers floating. Different fiber types have characteristic densities, such as cotton and other cellulosics being 1.54 g/cc. Chemical tests examine how fibers react to different reagents at set temperatures, revealing properties unique to fiber types like wool dissolving in sodium zincate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Identification of Textile Fibers

    There are different types of tests to identify the textile fibres. The different
    tests can
    Be summarized as:
    a) Non-Technical Tests (Do not require special equipment or chemicals)
    i) Feeling test
    ii) Burning test
    iii) Staining test
    b) Technical Tests (Require special equipment or chemicals)
    i) Microscope test
    ii) Density measurement
    iii) Chemical test
    Feeling Test
    Different fibres show different behaviour, when you will place your
    hand on them.
    Cotton
    Cool in touch, feels soft and inelastic
    Linen
    Cool in touch, feels smooth and leathery
    Jute
    Cool in touch, feels smooth and leathery
    Silk
    Warm to touch, feels elastic and smooth
    Wool
    Warm to touch, feels elastic and springy
    Rayon
    Cool to touch, feels smooth, inelastic and lustrous
    Acetate
    Little warm to touch, feels smoother, more elastic and
    resilent than rayon
    Nylon
    Feels very smooth, light weight, elastic, lustrous
    Polyester Feels very smooth and stiffer
    Acrylic
    Feels like wool, but light weight and slippery feeling
    Polypropylene Extremely light weight, resilient smooth and lustrous

    Density Measurement

    A rough estimation of density can also identify the fibres. The


    chemicals taken for density will be inert chemicals like benzene, carbon
    tetrachloride, toluene with known density. When the density of the fibre is
    heavier than the density of the chemical, the fibre will sink to the bottom. On
    the other hand, when the density of the fibre is lower than the density of the
    chemical, it will float at the top.

    Fibre

    Cotton and other


    Cellulosic fibres
    Acetate fibre
    Silk
    Wool
    Nylon
    Polyester
    Acrylic

    Density
    (g/cc)

    1.54
    1.32
    1.32
    1.32
    1.14
    1.38
    1.17

    Chemical Test
    The solubility of a fibre in a particular chemical reagent is means of
    identification. The fibre can be placed in a chemical, at a particular
    temperature and the solubility will confirm the type of fibre.
    Chemical
    1. Sodium hypochlorite
    (5% chlorine, 25C)

    Fibres

    2.
    3.
    4.
    5
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.

    Silk
    Cellulosics
    Viscose
    Acetate, Triacetate
    Nylon6, Nylon66
    Acrylic
    Polyester
    Polypropylene

    Cold 70% Sulphuric acid


    75% Sulphuric acid (at 25C)
    Sodium Zincate (cotton insoluble)
    Cold Acetone
    Formic acid (at 25C)
    Dimethyl Formide Cold
    Meta cresol, 95C
    Meta xylene (at boil)

    Wool and silk

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