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ဘာလဲဟဲ႔ .... လူ႔ ငရ ဲ? -ဟံသာ၀တီ ဦး၀င္းတင္- Han Thar Wadi U Win Tin: What is the Hell of Living?
ဘာလဲဟဲ႔ .... လူ႔ ငရ ဲ? -ဟံသာ၀တီ ဦး၀င္းတင္- Han Thar Wadi U Win Tin: What is the Hell of Living?
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11
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12
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12 rwfv? 2010
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13
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- yJcl;wkdif;? om,m0wDc½dkif? BudKUyifaumufNrdKUZmwd/
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- 1947 '*kefr*¾Zif; uAsmpa&;/
- 1947-48 BudKUyifaumufNrdKU trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;
ausmif;om;or*¾ Ouú|/
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- 1950 jrefrmEdkifiHbmomjyefpmaytoif;(pmayAdrmef)
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- 1952 0dZÆmbJGU&/
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- 1960-69 aMu;rkHowif;pm trIaqmift,f'Dwm/
- 1962 ck tjynfjynfqdkif&m owif;pmq&mrsm;tzJGUcsKyf (International Journalists
Organization-IOJ) jrefrmEdkifiHqkdif&mpnf;½kH;a&;rSL;/
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17
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vlrsKd;awGtaMumif;? udk,feJYb0wl EdkifiHa&;vkyfazmfudkifzuf? vlYi&J 'ku©
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30
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 31
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32
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36
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 37
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42
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 43
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usifusif &ifememeJY tawG;vGefaewkef; *sKdif;ceJ oHwHcg;zGifhoHBuD;Mum;
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43
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46
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48
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 49
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bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 51
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bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 55
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bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 57
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60
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76
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umuG,fapmifha&SmufzdkY wm0ef&dSw,f/ vkyfxdkufwmvkyfw,f/ tjypfr&dS
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'Doabmw&m;udk tmqD,Hy#dnmOfpmcsKyfrSmawmif twdtvif;
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ajymr,hfomajymwm/ uRJyg;apmif;wD;? EGm;em;aw;qdkovdkygyJ/
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107
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wpfcyk v J yk w f ,f/ t,lcv H nf;r0ifb;l / jyifqifcsuv
f nf; ravQmufb;l /
uRefawmfwkYdtm;vkH; wpfoabmwnf;ygyJ/
vli,fawGuawmh aygufuJGMuwmaygh/ w&m;Oya'pdk;rkd;rIqdkwm
b,frSmvJ/ w&m;rQwrIqdkwm &dSao;&JUvm;/ ppfAdkvfawGckdif;wdkif; vkyf
wm w&m;Oya'vm;/ w&m;rQwrIvm;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;vm;/
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EdkifiHa&;wm0efeJY vkyfwm/ 'Dvkyfief;BuD;wpfckvkH;[m EdkifiHa&;wkdufyJGyJ/
'DwkdufyJGtwGuf 'dkYaxmifxJ0if&wmqef;ovm;/ bmjzpf&rSmvJ/ ta&;
rpdkufygbl;/ 'gayrJh b,frSmvJ w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;? b,frSmvJ w&m;
rQwwJh w&m;pD&ifa&;? b,frSmvJ Oya'eJYtnD w&m;pD&ifrI/
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wpfy'k v f ;Hk udk t*Fvyd v f b kd momjyefw,f/ tcef;eD;csi;f awGuzkd wfjyw,f/
tJ'DuAsmxJu uRefawmf rSwfrdao;wJh pmaMumif;uav;uawmh
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enf;enf;ydkvG,fw,f/ atmfvdkYMum;ygw,f/ tcef;xJu atmf&awmh
rMum;wMum; vlarmpdwfarmjzpfaew,f/
tJ'vD tkd csderf mS bd;k awmfcif0if; a&mufvmw,f/ tJ't D csdeu
f pNyD;
olYpum;ajymoHawG? oDcsif;oHawG? bk&m;&dSckd;oHawGudk us,fus,fvIdif
vIdifBuD; Mum;vm&ygw,f/
bdk;awmfcif0if;u tawmfpkHwJhvl/ EdkifiHa&;vnf;vkyfw,f/ tEk
ynmvnf;vkyfw,f/ vlrIa&;vnf;vkyfw,f/ bmoma&;vnf;vkyf
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awmcdk ajrvQKd; ,l*sDtrsKd;rsKd;eJYvnf; csdwfvdkufao;/ pkHa&m/
olY&JUEdkifiHa&;pGefYpm;cef;awG? EdkifiHa&; ajcpMumjzefYrIawG? tcspf
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110
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 111
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ay:wm wpfck&dSw,f/
bdk;awmf[m EdkifiHa&;orm;ppfppf [kwfcsifrS[kwfr,f/ wuf<u
vIyf&Sm;ol(Activist) a'gifa'gifjrnf [kwfwmawmh aocsmw,f/ axmif
vkd tcsKyftcs,f zdEydS t f m;BuD;jyif;xefwhJ ae&mrsKd;rSm Edik if aH &;orm;xuf
wuf<uvIyf&Sm;olu ydkvIyfEdkifygvm;/ ydkwdk;Edkifyguvm;/ ydkESufEdkifyg
uvm;/ ydkazmufEdkifyguvm;/
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avmurSm rvIyfomr&Sm;om ydjym;0yfqif;aeMu&w,f/ 'Dvdkywf0ef;
usifrmS wuf<uvIy&f mS ; tiftm;pkawGu ygwDawG? tzJUG tpnf;awGxuf
ydak zmufxiG ;f ydx k ;kd ESuf ydvk yI &f mS ;Edik Mf urSm aocsmw,f/ ygwDtzJUG tpnf;
awGu ud, k rhf 0l g'awG? ud, k v
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wuf<uvIyf&Sm;ol tiftm;pkawG&JU tcef;u@udk ta&;xm;&aumif;
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[m wuf<uvIyf&Sm; tiftm;pkawG&JU ta&;ygrIudk odrSwfav;pm;ovdk
tm;ay;az;rrIvnf; jyK&ayvdrhfr,f/
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pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;? vkyfief;vrf;pOfawG twdtus tckdiftrm&dSaumif;
rS &dSayrSmaygh/ olwkdYtzdkY ,kHMunfcH,lcsuf&dS&if vkHavmufNyD/ OD;wnf
&nfrSef;csuf&dS&if jynfhpkHNyD/ wpfpkwpfzJGUcsif; vIyf&Sm;w,fqdkayrJh tjcm;
tpktzJGUawGeJYvnf; tajctae? taMumif;udpö? ta&;t&may:&if
wJGoGm; Edkif&rSmyJaygh/
wuúov kd w f ek ;f u t*Fvyd *f E¦0ifpma&;q&mBuD; *RefeoefqpG zf &f UJ
]]*g;vDAm;x&JAv J pf }f }(Gulliver's Travels) qdw k phJ mtkyf oifz;l w,f/ ivufr
vDvDyGwf(Lilliput)awG&JU wkdif;jynfa&mufoGm;wJh *g;vDAm;[m bDvl;BuD;
t&G,fjzpfaew,f/ ivufr vDvDyGwfawGu wpfa,mufcsif; wpfpkcsif;
a&muf&mae&mu ay:&mtvky?f us&mwm0efukd rqkwrf &GUH ? rwGeYf ra&Smif
vkyfMuw,f/ vlYbDvl;BuD;*gvDAm;udk vuf&zrf;vdkufEdkifMuw,f/
112
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 113
113
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ysufo;Hk a&;[m olwYkd &UJ &nfreS ;f csuf? ppfreS af om jynfaxmifpk wnfxeG ;f
a&;[m olwdkY&JUc&D;qkH;/ 'Dyef;wkdif? 'D&nfrSef;csuf? 'Dc&D;qkH;udka&mufNyD
qkd&if olwdkYauseyfNyD/ yef;ukH;pGyfolr&dSvnf; olwdkYtzdkY ta&;rBuD;yg
bl;/ warS;pufem;zdkY aumuf½dk;cif;ay;ol&dS&if olwdkYauseyfNyD/
axmifxJrSm tm;jynfhrmefjynfh tusKd;&dS&dS vIyf&Sm;cJhwJh vlwpf
a,muftaMumif; uRefawmf owdw& av;av;pm;pm;a&;jyygw,f/
bkd;awmfcif0if;taMumif; wpfcef;r&yfcif owd&wmav;wpfck
vnf; uRefawmf ajymjycsifao;w,f/
bdk;awmfcif0if;u ol&orQ olYaxmif0ifpmudk aeYrausmf tukef
a0ypfw,f/ olrsm;auR;orQ tukefpm;w,f/
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uRefawmf tcef;csif;uyfaeawmh uRefawmfhqDydkYorQudk tcef;rSm;vdkYrsm;
olYqDra&mufaveJY/ tukef0g;ypfvdkufNyD/
uRefawmfhudk axmifusazmftcsKdUu bkd;awmfvdkYac:w,f/ rEÅav;
pum;eJYac:wm/ rEÅav;om;awGu olwYkd av;pm;&olawGukd bd;k awmfvYkd
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bdk;awmfqD ay;vdkufygvdkY ajymw,f/ tNrJqif;awGu uRefawmfhudk
bdk;awmfvdkYac:rSef;rod/ bkd;awmfcif0if;udkyJ bdk;awmfac:rSef;odMuwm/
'geJY uRefawmfhqDay;orQ pm;p&maomufp&mudk bdk;awmfcif0if; tcef;
udkyJ ydkYMuw,faygh/
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ajymao;w,f/
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114
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 115
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tif;pdefaq;½kH roGm;vdkuf&bJ bkd;awmfwpfa,muf tif;pdef"mwfcef;
jyefvnfpHjref;oGm;ygw,f/ bkd;awmfowif; rD'D,mrSm oHNydKifygvmvdkY
wJh/ xifaMu;ay;olu ay;Muygw,f/ vlYtcGifhta&;qkdif&m ukvor*¾
txl;tpD&ifco H l rpöm awmrwfpt f akd [;uifwm;em;&JU jrefrmEdik if q
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NyD/ ½dk;aeatmifcH&bl;ygw,fAsm/
uRefawmf tlusa&m*g cJGpdwfbl;w,f/ cJGpdwf'Pf&m jynfpdkaoG;pdk
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NyD;ptcsdef aq;awmifruk&ao;bl;/ &efukefaq;½kHBuD;u uRefawmfjyef
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eD;wJhaw;oHu udkcifarmifjrifhqdkwm/ ol tcef;-5 a&mufae
w,f/ udkcifarmifjrifhu jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwD(yDusLU)&JUOuú|/ ygwD
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(udkol&)udk;/ em;axmifaumif;wmaygh/
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118
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 119
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120
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awGuvnf; tawmf&ifav;atmif vkyfwwfw,f/ olwdkYacgif;xJrSm
bkwfwdkifxdkifaewJh ykPÖm;wkdif tawG;tac:awG&dSw,f/ aygufaygufBuJ
ovdk vGifhpifysH0JaewJh aygufu&trSwft,lawGvnf;&dSw,f/ acsmhvdkY
&r,fhvludk rkefYay;BudKufcsifwwfw,f/ ckdif;vdkY&r,fhvludk tulay;
wynfharG;csifwwfw,f/ ajcmufvdkY&r,fhvludk jcawmifydkY jrifhrdk&fawmif
xifatmifvkyfNyD; acsmifydwfcsifwwfw,f/ q&maZmf*sD&JUuAsmxJuvdk
rod0dk;0g; xif0dk;0g;tusifhawGuvnf; bdef;pJGovdk pJGaevdkufao;/
uRefawmfwdkY jrefrmEdkifiHowif;pmq&mtoif;u ukvor*¾
twGif;0efcsKyfOD;oefY jrefrmEdkifiH jyefvmpOfu yef;csDausmfay:OD;ouf&JU
qDaq;yef;csDum;BuD;wpfcsyf vufaqmifay;bl;w,f/ ay:OD;oufu
rsufrjrifykPÖm;ajcmufa,muf qifprf;oyfNyD; xifjrifcsufay;aeMuwJh
½kyfykHvTmudk jrefrmh½dk;&m[efeJY yef;csDa&;w,f/
159
160 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
ay:OD;oufu urÇmhacgif;aqmifBuD;awG? oHwrefBuD;awG? ukv
or*¾udk,fpm;vS,fBuD;awG urÇmhjyóemt&yf&yfudk ykPÖm;uef;qifprf;
enf;eJY axGaxGvmvm tajz&SmaeMuwmudk olYtEkynmeJY vufñId;
aigufaigufx;kd jyvdu k wf myg/ ay:OD;oufpw d x
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tBuD;qkH;tiftm;BuD; tar&duefBuD;udk rsufapmif;xdk;vdkufava&mh
ovm;vdkYawmif xif&&JU/
tckMunfhav/ Time r*¾Zif;u vkyfcsvdkufjyefNyD/ AdkvfcifñGefYudk
u,fwif&SifykHoGif;aejyefNyD/ bmawGUqkHaqG;aEG;a&;vJ/ 'Drdkua&pDeJY
tmPm&Sif pum;vufqkH ajymvdkYrukef jzpfatmif AdkvfcifñGefYu pDrH
azsmfpyfay;rSmwJhvm;/ [m; [m; [m; [m;/
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ppftmPm&SifawG[m wkdif;jynfjyóemawGudk awGUqkHaqG;aEG;
jcif;eJY tajz&Smr,fqdkwJh pdwfapwem&dS&JUvm;/ pdwftmomqE´&dS&JUvm;/
pdwfaZmtm½kH&dS&JUvm;/ uRefawmf trsm;BuD;oHo,&dSw,f/ uRefawmfh&JU
'dG[oHo,awG rrSefygapeJY/ ruefygapeJY/ qkawmif;ygw,f/ qE´jyK
rdygw,f/ a':pkeJY rawGUqkHcsifaeyg/ ar;vm; jref;vm;? ppfvm; aMum
vm;awmh rvkyfygeJY/ olYudkawmh uRefawmfwdkYvdk vlYi&J&JUt0DpdbkHjzpfwJh
ppfaMuma&;pcef; rydkYMuygeJY/ tJ'Dvdk rydkYbl;qdk&ifudk aus;Zl;BuD;vSygNyD
axmufvSrf;a&;AdkvfcsKyfBuD;cifAsm;/
uRefawmfvnf; awmifawG; ajrmufawG;eJY b,fawGacsmfawmaigh
aerdygvdrfh/ awG;wmeJY a&;csifwm wjcm;pDjzpfaeNyD xifyg&JU/ acsmawm
aighoGm;wJh tawG;awGudk b&dwftkyfvdkufw,f/ Time r*¾Zif;aqmif;yg;
udpö jyefaumufvkdufw,f/ 'DawmhrS [dk;ESpfaygif; tawmfMumuMunfhcJh
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uRefawmfyg acgif;pGyfudk,fpDeJY/ olYtoH uRefawmf rSwfrdw,f/ axmif
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bufydwftcef;(10)rSm ae&w,f/ bDwDBuD;&JUowif;qdk;udkMum;&wJh
aeYrSm uRefawmf axmif0ifpm&w,f/ uRefawmf bmrSpm;csifpdwfaomuf
csifpdwf r&dSjzpfoGm;w,f/ bDwDBuD;taMumif;udkom tawG;cef;0ifaerd
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qkHMuwmudk ydkrSwfrdaew,f/ rEÅav; [Hom0wDowif;pmu uRefawmf
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ol&,f? pma&;q&mwyfMuyfarmifxl;&,f? uRefawmf&,f 0dkif;zJGUMuwm
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164
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 165
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tcef;usOf;usOf;
tvif;r0if avr0if
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xdkif&ifxdkif rxdkif&ifai;
tdyf&iftdyf rtdyf&ifawG;/
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pmzwfzdkY a0;a&m
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pum;av;rS rajym&/
ta[modu oHo&m
ighurÇm ydpdauG;
tcef;usOf;av; ywfavQmufvdkuf
oHwHcg;0 &yfvdkuf
wrwfwyfwyf wpfaeukef/
raeYuvJ wpfaeukef
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ukefukefukef
200
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 201
ukefcsifoavmuf ukefprf;
wpf&ufukefrvm; wpfoufukefrvm;
wpfvukefrvm; wpfb0ukefrvm;
wpfESpfukefrvm; wpfacwfukefrvm;/
tm;ravQmhbl; raysmhbl;
ayjzpfawmhcHr,f wljzpfawmhESHr,f/
trSefw&m; 'dkYbufrSm&dSw,f
jynfoltrsm; 'dkYbufrSm&dSw,f
umv,EÅ&m; 'dkYbufrSm&dSw,f
&Sifawmfbk&m; 'dkYbufrSm&dSw,f
odMu&JUvm; [m; [m; [m; [m; /
wd&pämef½kHu usm;vkd
avSmiftdrfxJrSm wvGefYvGefYeJY
usm;ñGefYwkH;awG xifovm;/
rSm;vdkufwJhtjrif
[m;wdkufvdkY &,fcsifp&m/
rSwfxm;a[h
t0gay:rSm teufpif;
rysufr,Gif; uGufuGufuGif;
t&Sif;om; rvJGra&GU
txif;om; pJGoa&GU
usm;&J[m usm;&J
igvnf; tJ'DvkdyJuGa[h/ /
201
202 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
uRefawmf rrSwfrdawmhwJh uAsmav;yk'fudk ociftkef;jrifhu odrf;
xm;w,fvdkYqdkw,f/ b,frSm odrf;rdrSef; ol rodawmhbl;/ aysmufaom
uAsm Mum&ifarh qdkovdkyJ oabmxm;&awmhw,f/ tJ'DpmxJu uAsm
wpfy'k uf akd wmh taMumif;t&mwcsKdU rSwrf w
d ,f/ ppfozH aemifh atmufrmS
uRefawmf b,fawmhrS vufrajr§muf? 'l;raxmufbl;/ avScGufcsnf;
usef tvHrvSJqdkwJh qdk½dk;&dSw,f/ uRefawmfuawmh uRefawmfwdkY&JUpdwf
ZJG ÓPf rmef a<u;aMumfoHudk oHukefjr§ifh oHukef[pfvkdufw,f/
]]avScGufrusefawmif tvHrvSJbl;uGa[h}}
ociftkef;jrifh tqdkuawmh 'DuAsm olYqDrSm&dSowJh/ &dS&dS r&dS&dS/
&dSygapawmh/ olrS rrSwfrdawmhwm bmwwfEdkifawmhrvJ/ olvnf;
toufu 90 ausmfaeNyDav/ aysmufNyDyJ oabmxm;vdkuf&awmhrSm
aygh/
raysmufrysuf touf&Sifaeao;wJh uAsmawGxJrSm wcsKdU vlod
olodrsm;w,f/ tr&yl& awmifav;vkH;q&mawmf OD;ynmaZmw
taMumif;a&;wJh uAsmqdkygawmh/
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q&mawmf ]]ynm}}xD/
OD;aESmufÓPf rdk;,Hzsm;
ESvkH;om;ajrBuD;/}}
Mum;zl;wJholawG &dSaeao;w,f/
a':a':vlxka':trm touf 90jynfharG;aeYtwGuf txJu
a&;ydkYwJh uRefawmfhuAsmvnf; rSwfrdolawG&dSw,f/ a':a':[m jrefrm
pmay&JU rdcifBuD;jzpfw,f/ owådajymifwJh owif;pmq&mrBuD;jzpfw,f/
ajymifajrmufwJh pmayynm&SifBuD;jzpfw,f/
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202
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 203
203
204 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
2000 ckESpf 0ef;usifavmufrSm MopaMw;vsrSm&dSwJh orD;qD
uRefawmf pma&;cGifh&w,f/ urÇmMuufajceDtzJGUuwpfqifh? axmifu
wpfqifh? axmufvSrf;a&;uwpfqifh? aemufb,folawGrSef;rodwJh wpf
qifhuwpfqifh uRefawmf pmawGa&;w,f/ pmwpfapmifrSm uRefawmf
uAsmwpfyk'fa&;xnfhw,f/
yef;yifEG,fyif oD;ESHyifawG pdkufaewJhtaMumif; uRefawmf a&;
w,f/ rsufuGufjrifum oabma&;wmyg/ uAsmxJrSmygwmu uRef
awmfh&ifxJrSm&dSaewJh 'Drdkua&pDtawG;tajrmf/
]]pdkufvdkufprf;ruJGU
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'Dyef;awGzl;a0opfwJhcg
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b,faxmifvuf? b,faxmufvuf? b,fajcvufurS uRef
awmfhuAsmxJu 'Dyef;('Drdkua&pDyef;)awGudk acR&aumif;rSef; rodcJhMu
ygbl;/ aus;Zl;urÇmvdkY ajym&rvm;/ aomuftçawGvdkY csD;rGrf;axmyem
&rvm;/ rod/
'gawGu [dkwpfp 'Dwpfp rarhraysmuf rSwfrdorQ uAsmwdkp
awGudk jyefajymjywmyg/ ppfab;'ku©onfrdcif&JU trSwfw&? trSwfr&?
trSwfr&w&awGrsKd;ayghavvdkY uRefawmf pdwfajzygw,f/ ppfajy;c&D;rSm
usnfoifhaowJhom;/ iwfaowJhom;/ qJGowfcH&wJhom;/ avQmysuf
uscJh&wJhom;/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm MumvmwJhtcg ppf'ku©rdcif[m om;awG
tm;vkH;udk b,fowd&EdkifawmhrvJ/ arhwmawGom rsm;vdrfhraygh/
1990 ausmfrSm uAsm&SnfBuD;awG tawmfrsm;rsm;a&;cJhw,f/
tm;vkH;vdkvdk rrSwfrdawmhbl;/ usm;&Jwpfa,mufyJvGwfvmw,f/ ouf
qkd;&SnfaeqJ&dSao;w,f/
bmtaMumif; bmacgif;pOfeJY a&;rdrSef;rodwJh uAsm&Snfwpfyk'f
xJu ]]EIwfcrf;arG;eJY irdk;? rEÅav;udk *dk;}}qdkwJh raoaumif; raysmuf
204
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 205
205
206 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
ZmwfckHay:rSm oP²mefvkyf o½kyfaqmifaeMuwm/ rawmfwa&mf? r[kwf
r[wfudpöyJ/ acwfBuD;udkjyifzdkYqdkwm a0;ao;/
olYudkñTef;wJh ]udktawG;}qdkwJh pum;vkH;ygvdkYvm;/ acwfjyifzdkY
a0;ao;qdkwJh tjrifudk onf;ajcBudKufvkdYvm;rod/ tJ'Dpmydk'fuav;udk
owd&azmf&vdkY udk0Houdk aus;Zl;wif&ao;/ 'DuAsmjyZmwfudk ½kyf&Sif
½dkufzdkYaumif;w,f/ Zmwf&dSefjrifhwJh 'Dae&mavmufeJY&yfzdkY aumif;w,f
qdkNyD; 0gpmurmpum;eJY uAsm&GwfyJGudk vrf;ydwf(Read Block) cJhwJh
armifrkd;oludkvnf; aus;Zl;uef;rd&ao;/ olaumif;rIeJY uRefawmfuAsm
jyZmwf&SnfBuD; Zmwfodrf;qkd;cJh&w,f r[kwfvm;/
'DuAsmjyZmwfvdkyJ Zmwfodrf;rvSwJh uAsmwdk&SnfawG tawmf
rsm;rsm;udk uRefawmf a&;cJhw,f/ igomwapäjzpf&if tmPm&SifawG&JU
pHeef;awmfawG? bkHaqmifeef;jrifhawGudk aZmufxkd;arSmufypfr,fqdkwm
rsKd;yg/ ]],rrif;ig}} uAsm&SnfrsKd;a&;cJhw,f/ igom ,rrif;jzpf&if
tmPm&SifawGtwGuf i&Jwpfxyf wkd;r,f/ i&JBuD;udk;xyfzefqif;r,f/
udk;xyfi&Judk *sKd;ruyfwJhtkd; (Tefloncoated) vkyfr,f/ tmPm&SifawGudk
ESpfjyefokH;jyef tuRwfaMumfr,fqdkwmrsKd;yg/
vlBuD;olrawG ajymavhajymx&dSwJh pum;u i&Jtdk;*sKd;uyfr,f
qdw k phJ um;yg/ wu,fawmh *sKd;uyf&if taMumfc&H wmjrefr,f/ *sKd;ruyf
wJhtdk;qdk&if tMumBuD; taMumfcH&r,f/ ('gaMumifh i&Jtdk;awG *sKd;ruyf
wJhtdk;rsKd; jzpfapcsifwmyg/)
tNrJrwS rf Nd yD; tNrJarhavsmh vGijhf y,fo;G wJh uAsm&Snwf pfy'k u
f awmh
]]tEÅd'@m&D}}yg/ arsmufokH;aumif'@m&Dudk qefYusifwJhtjrifeJY a&;wm
yg/ tEÅdqdkwm qefYusifbuf? qefYusifol(Anti) jzpfygw,f/ c&pf,mef
or®musrf;pmpum;jzpfygw,f/ c&pfawmfukdqefYusifol? c&pfawmftwk
ta,mif ponfwdkYudk tEÅdc&pfawmf(Anti Christ) vkdY okH;ygw,f/
w½kw'f @m&DrmS avmuudk rjrifrMum; rajymcsiw f thJ wGuf rsupf d
ydwfxm;wJharsmuf? rMum;csifvdkY em;ydwfxm;wJharsmuf? rajymcsifvdkY
206
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 207
207
208
vlY i &J udk
jy ef v nf a v m if NrdK uf jc if ; ( 4 )
209
- oHwkdifoHwHcg;udkjzwf aoewfawGuGif;
- ½kyfrao; BudK;rudkif
- EdkifiHa&;o,HZmw&if;jrpf
- oHo&m0Jvnf apmifwpfxnf
210
oHwkdifwHcg;awGjzwf aoewfawGuGif;
211
212 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
tmPmydkifawGu tmPmNydKifaxmufvSrf;a&;awG&JU trdefYeJY ½kwfodrf;
w,f/ zsufodrf;w,f/ tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm? vaygif;rsm;pGm axmif0ifpm
ydwfcH&wmawGrsKd;awG &dSwwfw,f/ ppfacG;wdkuf ydkYxm;cH&uwkef;u
uRefawmf axmif0ifpm ajcmufvausmfydwfcH&w,f/
'DvdktcGifhta&;qkH;½IH;rI[m rMumcPomr[kwf ae&mwumrSm
BuHK&wwfw,f/ emruse;f jzpfvYkd aq;½kaH q;cef; wufa&mufuo k cHae&wJh
tcsdef 'Dvdkta&;,lrIrSm rdom;pkudk todray;bl;/ rdom;pkodvkdY vkduf
vmvnf; awGUcGifhray;? awGUcGifhay;vnf; tBudrfuefYowf/ tcsdef
uefYowf/ [dkvl 'Dvl uefYowf/ [dk[mr,l& 'D[mr,l&uefYowf/
1995 rSm cJGpdwfukorIwpfck uRefawmf vkyf&w,f/ &efukef
aq;½kHBuD;*wf0yf(Guard Ward) &JtcsKyfcef;rSm uRefawmf a&mufaew,f/
ig;ESpfvkH;vkH; tluRHa&m*gudk AdkufrSm ydkufxm;cJh&w,f/ a0'emqdk;qkd;
0g;0g; cHpm;aecJh&w,f/ aemufqkH; tlacgufoGm;awmhrS aq;½kHBuD;ydkY
w,f/ csufcsif;ydkY csufcsif;cJG&w,f/ rydkYrcJGvdkYvnf; rjzpfawmhbl;/
tlacgufwm ESpf&ufausmfoGm;NyD/ okH;&ufqdkaor,f/ 'geJY trdk;yGifh
avmf&u D m;ay:wif? aq;½kt H jrefyYkd w,f/ oHajcusif;cwfzYkd jyifao;w,f/
yef;yJcef;txd ac:oGm;ao;w,f/ wlwjyifjyif ayay:wifxkawmhrvdkY/
uRefawmf tBuD;tus,fuefYuGufw,f/ csufcsif;cJGpdwf&r,fhvlem oH
ajcusif;cwfOD;rSmvm;/ oHajcusif;cwf&if roGm;bl;/ q&m0efawG 0if
ajymrS ajcvGwfvufvGwf aq;½kHa&mufw,f/
cJGNyD;NyD;csif; &JtcsKyfrSm ydwfxm;vdkufw,f/
&JtcsKyfcef; (Guard Ward) qdkwm 24 ay 16 ayavmuf tcef;/
rD;vkH;wpfvkH;wnf; xGef;xm;w,f/ rD;vkH;eDusifusifu wpfcef;vkH;&JU
tarSmifudk rwkd;Edkifbl;/ arSmifxJrJxJrSm vlemtusOf;om; q,fa,muf
avmufxm;w,f/ wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf rjrif&/ wpfcef;vkH; npf
ywfpw k jf ywfaew,f/ ykyaf [mifeaH pmfaeao;w,f/ xrif;[if;u wpfaeY
wpfcgyJay;w,f/ ESpfcgpm;csif ydk,lxm;/ odk;wmeHwm vmrajymeJY/
212
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 213
213
214 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
oHwkdif oHwHcg;awGjzwfausmf? aoewfawGuGif;a&SmifNyD; uRefawmfhudpö
awG vkyfudkifay;cJhMuygao;w,f/
1989 uRefawmhu f kd w&m;pJaG wmh tjyifval wGt0ifrcHb;l / tydwf
tyifawGu rsm;ovm;rar;eJY/ *sDo&D;awGudkifxm;wJh ppfom;awG ppf&J
awG w&m;½kH;udk [efYwm;qD;qdkY aewmuvnf; Murf;ovm;rar;eJY/
'DvdkMum;xJu udkarmifarmifcif&JUrdef;r t&Du ra&mufa&muf
atmifvmao;/ uRefawmfhnDrt&if; wifwifjrifhvnf; a&mufvmao;/
tcefYom;twnfayguf a&mufvmMuwmuawmh uRefawmfhrdwfaqGBuD;
awG&UJ ZeD; uG,v f eG of al ':cifO;D wkYd jzpfygw,f/ olwYkd u wpfacgufr[kwf
okH;acgufvm; av;acgufvm; vmNyD; pm;p&m aomufp&mawG ydkYoGm;
avao;&JU/
uRefawmfh&JUoufaotjzpf ½kH;rSmxGufqdkay;wJh pma&;q&mBuD;
yg&*lwdkY? EdkifiHa&;orm;BuD; ocifatmifazwdkY ½kH;udkvmcJhMuw,f/ ½kH;
udpeö JY bmrSrqkdifwJh orD;BuD;cifolZmxGef;vnf; ½kH;a&SUa&mufvmw,f/
uRefawmfha&SUae OD;odef;ñGefY(aumhu&dwf)u jyefvSefar;cGef;awGudk rSwf
wrf;vdu k zf Ykd roluckd ikd ;f w,f/ qG,w f mtusÐvuf&n S t f eufa&mifu0kd wf
xm;wJh rolBuD;uvnf; cyfwnfwnfyJ w&m;cGifpm;yJGrSmxkdifNyD; rSwf
wrf;awG vdkufa&;w,f/ orD;BuD;uawmh uG,fvGef&SmygNyD/ olY&JU0Hh0Hh
pm;pm; vkyfudkifoGm;ykHawGudk 'DaeYtxd rsufpdxJrSm jrifa,mifaeao;/
1998 tif;pdefaq;½kH uRefawmf a&mufaeawmhvnf; &Jwm0efus
awG? axmufvSrf;a&;awGMum;u udkarmifarmifcifhorD; oif;oif;eJY
rGerf eG w
f Ykd? tke;f xGe;f orD; cif,Of,OfxeG ;f (rwl;)wdYk aq;½kcH ef;xJta&muf
vmcJhMuw,f/
tJ'DtcsdefawGu axmufvSrf;a&;u rodvkdYbJvm;/ odk;odk;oefY
oefY owif;awmifr&vdkYbJvm; rodygbl;/ bmrSjyóem rwufcJhbl;/
uRefawmfhudkvnf; bmrSrajymMu? rqdkMuygbl;/
jyóemwuf½kHru ola'goukd,fha'goawG aygufMuuJGMuwm
a&m? aemufqkH; cJGpdwf'Pf&m aoG;pdk jynfpkdeJY uRefawmfhudk aq;½kHay:
214
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 215
215
216 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
taygif;tazmfwumxJrSm acgif;wpfvkH;omwJh EdkifiHa&;owådajymifrI&dS
ol/
apmapmuajymcJw h hJ &efuek af q;½kBH uD; *wf0yf&t
J csKyfcef;udk pef;pef;
a&mufvmwJhtaMumif; ajym&OD;r,f/ 'g[m olY&JUEdkifiHa&;owådajymifrI
oufaoyJ/
tJ'D rwfvukefydkif;&ufawGrSm aq;½kH&JtcsKyfrSm vkHNcHKa&;ydkusyf
vmw,f/ apmapmydkif; uRefawmfhaqGrsKd;om;csif;awG vmwkef;tcsdef
uxuf ydkcufvmw,f/ 'DvdktajctaerSm pef;pef; uRefawmfhqDa&muf
vmw,f/ arSmifrJeHapmfaewJhtcef;? 24 em&D aomhydwfxm;wJhtcef;/
tJ'Dtcef;xJudk qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKuf a&mufvmwm/ ½dk;½dk;a&mufwm
r[kwfao;bl;/ uRefawmf tay:rSm a&;jycJhovdk [efeJY yefeJY psmefeJY
a&mufvmwm/ psmefeJYvdkYa&;wmu olu a,m*D0wfeJYa&mufvmwm/
odu©m orm"d tjynfheJY/ rsufvTmcsvdkY/ vuftkyfcsDvdkY/
olu tapmifh&JawGudk cGifhawmif;w,f/ tcsKyfxJu tusOf;om;
awGudk auR;arG;axmufyHhcsifw,f/ tusOf;om;oufBuD;&G,ftdkawGudk
ylaZmfuefawmhcsifw,f/ &JawGudk b,fvdkpnf;½kH;ovJawmh rodbl;aygh/
&JawGu olYtpDtpOfudk cGifhjyKw,f/ 'geJY ol tcsKyfcef;awGxJ 0ifcGifh&
w,f/ yxrtrsK;d orD;tusO;f ol tcef;awG0ifw,f/ ypön;f awGay;w,f/
oufBuD;&G,ftdkr&dSvdkY uefawmhwmawmh rvkyf&bl;/
trsKd;om;cef;buf a&mufvmw,f/ wjcm;tusOf;om;awGudk
tcsKd&nfwdkuf? acgufqJGajcmufxkyfawG? rkefYxkyfawGay;/
'Dred ;f r jrifb;l ovdv k ykd gvdYk tuJcwfaew,f/ axmifxt J aeMum
vdkY trSwfonmuvnf; enf;vmvdkufwm/ rSwfudk rrSwfrdbl;/ toH
Mum;w,f/ toHrusufrdbl;/ b,folygvdrfh/ b,f0gygvdrfh/ acgif;
ajcmufatmif pOf;pm;&w,f/ acgif;xJray:bl;/ aemufqkH; uRefawmfh
a&SUa&mufvmw,f/ uefawmhw,f/ tcsKd&nfykvif;wdkY? tdyf,mcif;BuD;
wpfckwdkY pm;p&mrkefYxkyfwdkYygw,f/ vm;vm; pef;pef;yguvm;/ ckrSyJ
rSwfrdawmhw,f/ uRefawmf owd&dSw,f/ EIwfrqufvdkufygbl;/ Munfh
½kHMunfhaevkdufw,f/
216
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 217
217
218 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
r[kwfbl;/ olwdkY uRefawmfhtcef;rSm aewmudk 0rf;omwmyg/
q&mOD;cifarmifvwfeJY uRefawmf jynfyc&D;awGoGm;cJhbl;w,f/
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tdyfcef;wpfcef;xJ twloGm;&w,f/ nusawmh q&mu acwfa[mif;
oDcsif;awG trsm;BuD;qdkw,f/ uRefawmfuawmh oHaMumifoHa,mifyJ
aygh/ usefc&D;azmfawGtm;vkH; wtHhwMojzpfcJhMuw,f/ q&mwufwdk;
uawmh csD;rGrf;rqkH;bl;/ ]]udkvwfu toHaumif; tqdkaumif;ygvm;/
odyf[kwfoAsm}}wJh/
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uefYuGufaMunmpmwrf; xkwfw,f/ &[ef;&Sifvl ausmif;om;jynfol
awGudk ppfwyfu ypfcwfowfjzwfaewmawGudk csufcsif;&yfzdkYeJY 'Drdk
ua&pD vGwfvyfcGifhawG tjrefay;zdkY awmif;qdkMuw,f/ tJ'Dpmwrf;udk
armifaomfu? udk,k? udk0if;cuf? udkvS0if;? uRefawmfwdkYvlpkeJY umwGef;
aiGMunf? q&mrif;ok0PfwdkY vufrSwfxdk;Muw,f/ NyD;wmeJY q&mESifh
tpfrBuD;a':cifrsKd;cspf vufrSwfxdk;/ olwdkYtdrfudk uRefawmf a&mufoGm;
w,f/ tpfrBuD;u tdy&f mxJvaJ ew,f/ uReaf wmfu aMunmpmwrf;udpö
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idktm;&awmhrS rdom;pktm;vkH;udk ac:w,f/ olYajr; armif&pfeJY *sLeD,m
0if; trTmarmifESrygrusef aMunmpmwrf;rSm vufrSwfxdk;Muw,f/
]]uRefru 'grsKd;qdk xdyfqkH;urS vufrSwfxdk;csifwmawmh/ jzpf&JU
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bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 267
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bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 271
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yifnJ½dk;wpfa,muf igtvdrfcH&wmyguvm;qdkwJh &ifem&ykHrsKd;
ydkNyD;cHpm;&r,fqdkwm aocsmw,f/ tmPmydkifawGu olYudkaq;½kHrSm
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG&dSw,fvdkY rajymbl;/ olYrSm odyfawGUcsifaewJh
wkid ;f &if;om;acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf &daS ew,fqw kd m zk;H uG,x
f m;w,f/
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wpfa,muf &dSaew,fqdkwmvnf; tarSmifcsxm;w,f/ NyD;awmh rqv
vufxufrSm ao'PfESpfxyfuGrf;uscJh&NyD; ppftmPm&SifacwfrSmvnf;
axmifwpfoufuscHae&wJh EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf&dSaew,f
qdkwmvnf; todray;/
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGeJY yifnJ½dk; pum;ajymjzpfatmif ajymcJh
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awmif;r,f/ rjzpfjzpfatmifvmawGUr,f/ tmrawGco H mG ;w,f/ uwdawG
ay;oGm;w,f/
uRefawmf&dS&m {nfhcef;aqmifudk yifnJ½dk; jyefvmw,f/ uRefawmf
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]]EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG awGUcJhao;vm;}}
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]]vSjrifha&m}}
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patient)/ wd&pämefem/ acG;avacG;vGijhf zpfae&awmhwm (a pariah) / acG;em
As/ wd&pämefemAs}}
272
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 273
273
274 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
OD;at;omatmifu tJ't D csed rf mS vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;jyKaumfrwD (CRPP)&JU
twGi;f a&;rSL;wm0ef,x l m;oljzpfvYkd Edik if aH &;jyóemawGuakd &m? olu, kd f
wkdif EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;jzpfvdkY EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;jyóemawGudkyg
trsm;BuD;ajymjyEdkifvkdufw,f/ uefYuGufcsufawG? awmif;qdkcsufawG
vnf; trsm;BuD;wifjyEdkifvkdufw,fvdkY Mum;&w,f/
OD;at;omatmifu odyfaphpyfwJhol? axmifhaphwJhol? olu uRef
awmfhudkajymw,f/ ajymp&mawGtrsm;BuD;&dSw,f/ vdrfhywfvnfatmif
cifAsm;pum;jyefvkyfAsmwJh/ uRefawmf0ifygvkdY b,f&rvJ/ axmufvSrf;
a&;u pum;jyefpDpOfay;r,fvdkY ajymrSmaygh/ OD;at;omatmifuvnf;
bm&rvJ/ rSwfpkawGa&;oGm;NyD; olukd,fwkdifBuJwmaygh/ yifnJ½dk;eJYawGU
NyD;awmh axmufvSrf;a&;u olYwpfudk,fvkH;udk &SmazGa&;vkyfzdkYjyifw,f/
olu olYrSwfpkawGudk yg;pyfxJxnfh 0g;ypfw,f/ ajrmif;xJypfcsvkduf
w,f/
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vkdY od&w,f/
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aqmif&GufvmcJhwJh ygarmu©yifnJ½dk;udk uRefawmfwdkYav;pm;aus;Zl;wif
w,f/ vlYtcGifha&;qkdif&m ukvor*¾udk,fpm;vS,fawG[m EdkifiHa&;
tusOf;om;udpöavmuf ta&;xm;&aumif;rSef;rodwm r[kwfbl;/
omreftusOf;om;udpu ö dkvnf; ta&;w,l tav;wrl vkyfw,fqdkwm
udk,fawGUrsufjrif jrifvdkuf&vdkY uRefawmfwdkY0rf;omcJh&w,f/
omreftusOf;om;awG&JU axmifwGif;qif;&J'ku©awGeJY ywfouf
vm&if EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG b,fwkef;urS vspfvsL½Irxm;cJhygbl;/
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rSm EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG&JU pmemrIyrmP? u½kPmtwkdif;tqeJY
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274
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 275
275
276 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
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rsm;w,f/ pum;ajymzdkY? ar;[,fjref;[,fvkyfzdkY tcsdefr&/ 0efxrf;awG
uvnf; cGirhf jyK/ 'dYk ArmocifawG axmifuswahJ cwfuvdk Edik if aH &;tusO;f
om;awGudk vkyftm;ay;awGcGifhjyKxm;wmrsKd; 'DacwfrSm vkH;0r&dSawmh
ygbl;/ [dkacwfwkef;uawmh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGtwGuf tjcm;
tusOf;om; vkyftm;ay;awG cGifhjyKxm;w,f/ xrif;csuftzJGUwJh/ Aswf
xdk;tzJGUwJh/(cl;cyfauR;arG;wJholawG) vufwdkvufawmif;tzJGUwJh/ (vdk
wmckdif;zdkYvlawG)/
'DacwfrSmawmh omreftusOf;om;awGudk tNrJqif;(tNrJtvkyf
qif;&wJhol)qkdNyD; wkdufwpfvkH;udk av;a,mufavmufay;xm;w,f/
aomufa&cyfvnf;olwYkd/ xrif;a0vnf;olwYkd/ t0wfveS ;f vnf; olwYkd/
vufwYkd vufawmif;vky&f wmvnf; olwYkd yaJ yghav/ olwYkd u tjyifbuf
rSm vrf;ovm;aeMu/ uRefawmfwdkYu oHwkdifaemufu tcef;xJrSm ikwf
wkwfxdkifMu/ pum;rajym&/ ypönf;tay;t,lrvkyf&/ naeapmif;ydwf
awmh olwYkd ae&if;taqmifukd jyefMuayghav/ aemufwpfaeYreuf rk;d vif;
awmhvnf; 'DvkdyJ vmvdkufjyefvkdufaygh/
uRefawmfwdkY oHwkdifaemufrSm ikwfwkwfxdkifaeMuayrJh bmod
bmomraeMuygbl;/ csdwpf &m&dw S mcsdw?f qufp&m&dwS mqufygyJ/ olwYkd
twGuf ulp&mnDp&m odkif;p&m0dkif;p&m atmfp&m[pfp&mawGay:&if
vnf; 0dkif;tkHx<uMuwmygyJ/
rSwrf ad o;w,f/ 1993avmufrmS yg/ uRefawmf wdu k -f ok;H ? tcef;
(2)rSmaew,f/ omreftusOf;om; vli,fav;wpfa,muf uRefawmfwdkY
wdkufrSm tNrJqif;wm0efusw,f/ reufwkdif; a&cyfw,f/ aomufa&
udk wkdufokH;eJYwdkufESpfMum;u a&uefBuD;ua&ydkufrSm oGm;cyf&w,f/
ol aomufa&cyfcsdefrSm wdkufESpf wm0efus0efxrf;uvnf; wdkufESpf
tusOf;om;awG a&csKd;csEdkifzdkY a&uefjrefjrefjynfhapcsifw,f/ tNrJqif;
uvnf; wkdufESpftcef;aph aomufa&jrefjrefjynfhapcsifw,f/
276
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 277
277
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f ;l / OD;vIid u
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axmifxrJ mS vlcsif;pmemrI? vlcsif;uln½D ikd ;f yif;rI? vlcsif;umuG,f
apmifha&SmufrI usifh0wf pdwf"mwfawGudk EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;wkdif; pJGpJG
NrJNrJusifhokH;cJhMuw,f/
vlqdk;vl,kwfawGu i&Jcef;udk zefwD;aecJhMuw,f/ vlaumif;
vljrwfawGu arwåmbkHudk wnfaqmufaecJhMuw,f/
278
EdkifiHa&;tarGBuD;cHrsm;
279
280 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;eJYvdkY uRefawmf ajymayrJh t"dutaMumif;
uawmh ppftmPm&SifawG&JU w&m;vufvGwf EdkifiHa&;zdESdyfrI? csKyfcs,f
rI? ywfMurf;wkdufrI? &efNid§K;tmCmwBuD;rI? wefqmcHvkyfrI? eifr[kwf
eifhtazvkyfrI pwJh EdkifxufpD;eif;rIawGyJ jzpfygw,f/
wpfenf;pOf;pm;awmh ppftmPm,EÅ&m;BuD;[m zdESdyfcHjynfol
vlxkxJu jypf'PfoifholawGomru olwdkYaoG;xJom;xJuvlawG?
olwdkYtodkif;t0dkif;xJuvlawG? olwdkYvufyg;apawG? tvdkawmf&dawG?
½SL;wkdufacG;awGudkvnf; pdwfrxif&if axmifxJuefoGif;aewmygyJvm;
vdkY em;vnfvm&ygw,f/
uRefawmfu axmifxJrSm ESpfaygif; 20 eD;yg; usifvnfcJh&w,f
qdkayrJh todtjrif? tBuHKtqkH tvGefenf;yg;w,f/ axmufvSrf;a&;
uvm;? axmifuvm;awmh rodbl;/ uRefawmhfudk wul;wu *½dkYcsKd;
NyD;awmhudk ESdyfuGyfw,fxifwmyJ/
axmiftapmydkif;ESpfawGrSm uRefawmf acG;ae&mr&qdkovdk jzpfae
cJh&w,f/ b,fae&mrS zifaEG;atmif rxdkif&/ ausmaEG;atmif rtdyf&/
twnfwusae&w,fudk r&dScJhbl;/ [dkwkdufa&TU 'Dtaqmifajymif;/
taqmifwpfcx k ?J wku
d w
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eJYrS rsufESmwef;rdavmufatmif MumMumrae&/ 'DtxJ ppfaMuma&;udk
aeYMum&uf&Snf oGm;&ao;/ aq;½kHwufvdkuf&ao;/
'DvdkeJY udk,fhvlcsif;vnf; rBuHK&rqkH&/ omreftusOf;om;awG
eJYvnf; rawGU& rajym&/ axmiftawGUtBuKH tvGefenf;cJhw,f/ wpf
udk,fawmf i&Jusovdk jzpfaecJh&w,f/
'DMum;xJuyJ pdwf0ifpm;p&m tusOf;om;tcsKdUudk uRefawmf jrif
cJh&w,f/ tusOf;om;tcsKdUtaMumif; uRefawmf Mum;cJh&w,f/ 'Dvdk
qkcH hJ jrifchJ Mum;cJ&h w,fomqdw k m/ olwYkdeYJ pum;vufqu Hk savmufatmif
txd awGUcJhqkHcJh&wm r[kwfygbl;/ zswfceJ jrif? zswfceJ awGU oabm
avmufygyJ/
'Dvdk zswfceJ ½kyfykHvTmawGudk uRefawmf jyefajymjyr,fvkdY pdwful;
awmh wcsKdUwavudk tom;ay;ajymcsifwmawG &dSvmw,f/ tJ'DwcsKdU
280
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 281
281
282 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
vlu jzLjzLoefYoefY cefYcefYacsmacsm/ abmif;bDwt kd pdr;f a&mif0wf
vkdY/ NyHK;NyHK;&Tif&TifyJ/
]]cifAsm;uvJ pmtkyfeDrSm 'dwf/ uRefawmfuvJ pmtkyfpdrf;rSm
AdkvfAs/ atmifqef;pkMunfeJYvJ uRefawmf&if;ygw,f/ olu tpdrf;ouf
oufyJ/ cifAsm;udkifay;aevdkY...}}
uRefawmf tdk;wdk;tef;wef; jzpfaew,f/ vlpdrf;eJYpum;ajymwJh
tvkyf odyv f yk w
f wfwm r[kwb f ;l / uRefawmf NzHKoGm;w,f/ olYpum;u
axmufvSrf;a&;&JU ]]½kyfao;BudK;udkif}} yJhwifoHygyJuvm;/
]]r[kwfygbl;Asm/ axmufvSrf;a&;u pmtkyfeDxJ qJGoGif;wmyg/
uRefawmfu EdkifiHa&;awG bmawG odyfem;vnfwmr[kwfygbl;/ a':pk
t&Sdeft0gaemufu vdkufvSdrfhaewmyg}}
ol pum;awG qufajymw,f/ bmawG&,fvdkY w,frrSwfrdcsif
awmhygbl;/
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]]at;Asm awGUMuao;wmaygh}}vdkY olu pum;odrf;w,f/ uRef
awmfuvnf; [kwfuJh [kwfuJh qdkNyD; 0efxrf;qJGac:&mygcJhw,f/
OD;&JxGef;u a&SUaecsKyfOD;csefxGef;&JUom;/ OD;csefxGef;u 1947
tajccHzJGUpnf;ykHOya'udk a&;qJGcJhol/ vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyJGacwfu emrnf
ausmf 0wfvkHawmf&BuD;/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkYeJYtwl vufwJGvIyf&Sm;
cJhwJhol/
OD;&JxGef;u MuH&nfzef&nfawmfawmfaumif;wJholyJ/ reufxrif;
a0NyD;&if ol tjyifxGuf&NyD/ uRefawmfhqDawmh wpfcgrSa&mufrvm/
tcef;-13u aA'ifq&mrif;odcFtcef;a&SUrSm oGm;xdkifw,f/ xrif;pm;
w,f/ pum;ajymw,f/ tcef;wkdif;aomhcwfydwfxm;csdef/ olu av
[mjyifrSm xrif;pm;? pum;ajymEdkifw,f/ wkduf½kH;u avQmufvmwJh
axmifrSL;u aomhyGifhaewJh olYtcef;-1udk awGUw,f/ qufavQmuf
w,f/ tcef;-13rSm olYudkawGUw,f/ qufavQmufoGm;w,f/ b,fqD
b,f0,frod/ aysmufoGm;w,f/ OD;&JxGef; qufNyD; pum;azmifw,f/
1996 rSm axmufvSrf;a&; ppfaMumpcef; tajcpdkufwJh txl;
282
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 283
283
284 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
uRefawmfwdkYeJY rqkHvdkuf/ olYrdom;pkudpöawGvm;? olYudk,fa&;udpöawG
vm; ajymcGifh&vdkufvdkY OD;at;0if; 0rf;omrSmyg/
uRefawmfwdkYvnf; aysmfvkdufMuwm/ uRefawmfwdkYav;a,muf
'DwkdufxJrSm aevmcJhwm MumyJMumaygh/ wpfcgrS rsufESmcsif;rqkdifcJh
Mu&bl;/ ckawGUvkdufMuawmhrS vlcsif;vnf;jrifbl;/
udkoufckdifqdkwJhvlu vlacsmyJ/ udkudkEdkifvJ tJ'DvdkygyJ/ axmif
armif;? acsmarm/ OD;ausmfqef;u 'DcsKyf A[dkaumfrwD0ifqdkawmh vlcsif;
qkHbl;rvm;rod/ uRefawmfuawmh odyfrrSwfrd/ olu yxr rauG;
wkdif;? aemuf ppfudkif;wkdif;/ olvnf; wkdif;tvkyfawGeJY csmvywf&rf;/
uRefawmfvnf; A[dktvkyfawGeJY 0vcsD;v,f/ ckrSyJ opfyif&dyfatmuf
rSm rsufESmcsif;qkdif xdkif&w,f/
OD;at;0if;u rpöwmvD,GefeJY oD;jcm;awGUNyD;tjyef uRefawmfh
tcef;-1 a&SU vm&yfw,f/ bkef;BuD;qGrf;cHovdk? tMumBuD;&yfwm
r[kw/f cPyJ/ NyHK;EIwq f ufw,f/ ]]ta&;BuD;udpaö v;&dv S Ykd Asm}}vdYk yg;pyf
u ajymw,f/ a':pkeJYywfoufovm;/ 'DcsKyfeJY ywfoufovm;/ olY
yk*¾dKvfa&;eJY ywfoufovm;/ ol rajym/ uRefawmf rod/ bkef;BuD;vdk
tMumBuD;&yfwmr[kwfayrJh vlu bkef;BuD;½kyfaygufovdkvkdyJ/ jzLjzL
oefYoefY/ tda`E´or®wådtjynfh/
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olYnDjzpfwJh udkcsKd(csKdatmifoef;)udkawmh uRefawmf tMumBuD;
jrif&w,f/ wpfcef;xJ twlaeMu&wmudk;/ &efukefaq;½kHBuD;&JtcsKyf
cef;(Guard Ward) rSm/ uRefawmfu ESvkH;a&m*geJY aq;½kHa&mufaewm/
oluawmh bma&m*grSef;rod/ vluawmh ydefuyfuyf/ rsufESmuawmh
olYtaztarawG emrnfa&G;rrSm;wm oufaocHaew,f/ NyHK;NyHK;csKdcsKd/
csKdcsKdjrL;jrL;/
tJ'D&ufawGu odyfMum&SnfMumanmif;r[kwfygbl;/ q,f&uf
avmufawmh Mumxifygh/
tapmifhawGursm;? vluaygif;pkHjzpfaevdkY oleJYuRefawmf pum;
284
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 285
285
286 [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
owdxm;w,f}}vdkY uRefawmfhudk wdk;wdk;ajymwwfw,f/ 'DvlawGqdkwm
olYtem;uvlpdrf;awG ajymwmvm;/ axmufvSrf;a&;awGudk ajymwm
vm;/ uRefawmf ar;raeawmhyg/
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ykHu
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eJYvm;rod/ jyefoGm;w,f/
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&efukefaq;½kHBuD;rSm uRefawmf qkH&jyefw,f/ a':MunfMunfyg/ uG,f
vGefol ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDOuú| ocifZif&JU usef&pfolZeD;/ udkaxG;
jrifheJY uRefawmfu rrMunfvdkYac:Muw,f/ olu ysOf;rem;olqdkawmh
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uRefawmf aq;½kHwufaewkef; aeYwkdif; xrif;csKdifhydkYw,f/
]]rrMunf 'kur© &SmeJY/ uRefawmfu wpfaeYwpfxyfpm;wm/ reuf
pmvnf; {nfhonfawG 0,fvmwJh ArmrkefYawGeJYNyD;wm}}
b,fvdkajymajym r&bl;/ uRefawmf BudKufw,fqdkwJh 0ufom;
[if;? 0ufajcaxmuf[if;? yJukvm;[if; qdkwmawGvnf; rxyfrjywf
ydkYw,f/
tJ'D&ufawGrSm rrMunfu usef;rma&; NydKvmaeNyD/ reufapm
apm a&csKd;w,f/ vlESpfa,mufavmuf wJG&w,f/ tawmf,kdifaeNyD/
zD;vdr;f NyD;&if rrMunfukd ckwifay:rSm tcefYom; tNrdKifo h m;? tacsmom;
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286
bmvJ[Jh . . . vlYi&J 287
287
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wpfOD;qdkwJh *kPf&nfyk'fawGeJY vIyf&Sm;aeoljzpfaeNyD/
axmifuxGufcgeD; wpfESpftvdk 2007 rSm txl;aqmifyGifhw,f/
touf½SLacsmifvmwmudk ajymwmyg/
olaX;BuD;armif0w d f a&mufvmw,f/ ½kyo f pH ufoiG ;f w,f/ tcef;
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rsm;rsm;pm;pm; rodvkduf/ aMomf- olaX;BuD;vnf; axmifxJqJGoGif;cH
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uawmh OD;ae0if;&JUajr; udkat;ae0if; jzpfw,f/ olu olYtaz olYnD
awGeJYtwl ao'Pfudk,fpD &if0,fydkufNyD; axmifxJa&mufaew,f/ olY
taruvnf; tus,fcsKyfusaew,f/
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avQmufcGifh&w,f/ wpfa,mufxGuf wpfa,muf0if tcsdefvJT? tcsdef
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avmufrSmwpfcg &efukefaq;½kHBuD; uRefawmf tcgcgwuf cJGcH&w,f/
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318