Hypersensitivity ( Allergy )

Abnormal ( altered ) immune response.

Types :
1. immediate :
* antibody mediated
* subtypes :
type 1 = anaphylactic type
subdiviosions :
a. anaphylaxis
b. atopy
type 2 =
type 3 =
2. delayed :
* cell mediated ( T cytotoxic / Natural killer ) = type 4
TYPE 1 HYPERSENSETIVITY :
anaphylaxis : SYSTEMIC
Ag IgM IL-4 > IgE destroy the Ag and some of the Ig remain fc segment of the IgE
attach to the mast cell or basophils when the same Ag attack the body for the 2nd time the Ag
attach to the Fab segment of the IgE thet is already attached to the mast cells ans basophils the
mast cells and basopphils release mediators ( histamin , Ach , leukotriens )
histamin cause drop in BP and may cause death and leukotriens cause smooth muscle contraction
causing bronchospasm and urination
** the Ag need 2 doses to cause anaphylaxis
** some people die from 1st dose of penicillin those people had fungal infections that caused
heterophil antibodies production
** fungal infections causes heterophil antibodies.
Atopy : LOCAL
same as anaphylaxis but local.
e.g. :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

spring cattharal reaction

broncheal asthma
itching due to chocolate
diarrhoea by strawberries
cat fur

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TYPE 2 HYPERSENSETIVITY :

cytotoxic/cytolytic

IgG/IgM

* IgG IgM complement