Advances in ANSYS R14.

5 Structural
Mechanics Solutions

Mai DOAN
Jiaping ZHANG
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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

February 8, 2013

Agenda

Large and Complex Models

Tree Filtering / Tagging Tree Objects / Connections Worksheet /

Object Generator / Sub modeling / Performance enhancement

Customization
Acoustics ACT

Linear Dynamics

Material models
Cyclic & Linear Periodic symmetry
Fracture Mechanics

Modeling Composite
Additional Control for Contact Modeling
Improved External Data Mapping
2

Miscellaneous
features in ANSYS Mechanical
February 8, 2013

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

ANSYS Release 14.5

Structural Mechanics
Highlights: Part 1

Mai Doan
ANSYS Senior Application Engineer, Austin
Mai.Doan@ansys.com
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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

February 8, 2013

Analysis of Large and Complex Models

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

February 8, 2013

Motivation
Many users deal with always larger models. Increased
performance and usability is required at each step of an analysis
in order to reduce the time from geometry to results.
Various tools and techniques for efficiently managing large
models.
Tree Filtering
Tagging Tree Objects
Connections Worksheet
Object Generator
Submodeling
Performance enhancement

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

February 8, 2013

Tree Filtering
The Tree Filter:
To streamline the management of tree
objects, especially for large models, a tree
filter can be used to find objects or to reduce
the length of the tree that is displayed.
Filter by: Name, Tag (discussed later), Type or
State.
Examples:

Filter by state = underdefined to

find only those objects in the
tree.
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Filter by type = results to only

display result items.

Tagging
Tags are designations that can be assigned to any branch in the tree and used
with the previously discussed filtering capability.
Activate the tags icon from the View menu

With the tags view active, a

new tags window is
displayed below the details
window

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

February 8, 2013

Connections Worksheet
The Worksheet for the connections branches (e.g.
Connections, Contacts, Joints, etc.), now adds a
preferences section to allow users to configure the
worksheet display.

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

February 8, 2013

Connections Worksheet

New at v 14.5 is
the Connection
Matrix

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

February 8, 2013

Object Generator
The Object Generator uses an existing object in the tree as a
template for replication.
Example: mesh size control on 1 of the holes.
Highlight the tree object to be replicated (the Face Sizing)
and activate the Object Generator icon
The object generator window opens and indicates objects will be
generated from the Current Selection (graphical selection)

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Object Generator
After generating, the new objects are displayed graphically and they appear
in the tree. The object names reflect that of the parent object along with the
prefix chosen (if any).

In this example the object to be generated (the mesh size control) required
only a single geometry selection, a face. Object generator can be used to apply
BC where multiple scoping selections are required (e.g. contacts, bolt
pretensions, beam connections, etc.).
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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Submodeling for local refinement

Submodeling is a technique where a coarsely meshed model can be solved
followed by a subsequent solution using only a portion of the coarse model with
a more refined mesh. Submodeling is available for structural and thermal
analysis types with solid geometry.
Data can be transferred from a 2D coarse model [Full Model] to a 3D submodel.

Global Model
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Sub Model

Performance enhancements. HPC and GPU

The sparse solver can
take advantage of
multiple GPUs to
reduce solution time
2.1M DOF, Nonlinear Static Analysis

Linux workstation : Two

Intel Xeon X5677
processors (3.47 GHz, 8
cores total), 48 GB RAM,
2 NVIDIA Tesla C2075,
Red Hat EL 6.1
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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Result file size reduction

To reduce storage needs,

R14.5 stores single
precision element results.
This leads to result files
up to 50% smaller

Sample model: 778,400 10-node tet, 16,800 contact elements,

1,429,000 nodes (4,3 MDOF)

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Faster post-processing
To save time when
creating animations,
the post-processing of
models containing large
number of bodies and
elements has been
improved to be up to
40% faster

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Customization for Structural Mechanics

ACT

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Motivation
Companies want to
include best practices
in their simulation
environment so as to
provide the ability to
use and re-use expert
knowledge, beyond
standard capabilities

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Adding loads and boundary conditions

New loads and

boundary conditions
can be added to ANSYS
Mechanical for
example acoustics
boundary conditions

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Add custom results

Create your own
custom results
such as a
maximum
admissible criteria
based on a ratio
of stresses vs a
given material
property (Rm)

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Encapsulate APDL scripts

! APDL_script_for_convection.inp
! Input parameters:
esel,s,type,,10
cm,component,ELEM
thickness = 0.005
film_coefficient = 200.
temperature = 226.85
! Treatment:
/prep7
et,100,152
keyop,100,8,2.
et,1001,131
keyo,1001,3,2
sectype,1001,shell
secdata,thickness,10
secoff,mid
cmsel,s,component
emodif,all,type,1001
emodif,all,secnum,1001
type,100
esurf
fini
alls
/solu
esel,s,type,,100
nsle
sf,all,conv,film_coefficient,temperature
alls

APDL

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Embed 3rd party solutions

External solvers or
tools can be plugged
into the Mechanical
Interface

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XML/Python based interfaces

XML File to create buttons and dialogs

Python scripts takes data from

the tree and sends appropriate
information to the solver
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Now available!
ACT-based Extensions library : Customization forum
enabling customers to upload/share their own Extensions
ACT-based extensions posted on ANSYS customer portal:
Acoustics
FE Info
Morphing
Advanced post-processing
Post-processing for beams

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ACT Acoustics Extension

ACT Acoustics extension can be used to create acoustic boundary
conditions and defining fluid bodies (elements & material
properties):

Pressure
Mass Flow
Impedance
FSI Interface
many more

Fluid body (FLUID30, 220 or 221

elements according to the mesh)

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ACT Acoustics Extension

Acoustic Body:
Transform SOLID185 in FLUID30, SOLID186 in
FLUID220 and SOLID187 in FLUID221 (EMODIF)
Define Sound Velocity, Density and Dynamic
Viscosity (MP)
Material properties can be temperature
dependent
Define Perforated material
Define Reference Pressure (R)
Define acoustic-structural coupling
Define PML and PML options

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ANSYS Linear Dynamics

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Structural and Material-Dependent Damping

Damping, both structural and material-dependent, includes:
Alpha Damping, Beta Damping, and Constant Damping Ratio

Enhancements include:

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Damping parameterizations
Better analysis environment state checks
Better warning/error messages alerting users whenever appropriate
Better visibility handling of applicable damping with respect to analysis
type and solution type

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

February 8, 2013

VT Harmonic Analysis
Harmonic solution time can be improved by using
frequency sweep capability of VT

VT is only supported for FULL harmonic analysis,

only available when FULL is selected in solution
method
Harmonic solutions at different frequencies of VT is
calculated based on one FULL harmonic
solution

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Material Models added in Workbench R14.5

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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 Enthalpy input in Transient Thermal analysis (Heat Transfer analysis)

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Material Model

a) This model is always available for Static Structural
and Transient Structural analyses.
b) Available for Modal, Linear Buckling, Random Vibration
and Response Spectrum analyses when performed using
linear perturbation.
c) Two properties are added here
i) Superelasticity
ii) Shape Memory Effect
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2012
2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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 Hyperelastic Material Models

These new models are available now for Static Structural and
Transient Structural analyses.

Ogden Compressible Foam Hyperelastic Material model

i) Ogden Foam 1st Order
ii) Ogden Foam 2nd Order and
iii) Ogden Foam 3rd Order are available.

Extended Tube Hyperelastic Material model

Special Hyperelastic Material Model : Mullins Effect
Mullins Effect is an extension to existing nearly and fully incompressible
hyperelastic models to model softening or damage.

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2012
2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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 Damage Model
Two properties are supported for Static Structural and Transient Structural analyses.
i) Damage Initiation Criteria
ii) Damage Evolution Law

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2012
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Cyclic and Linear Periodic Symmetry

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2012
2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Cyclic symmetry

Through R14, large cyclic symmetry models would either post very slowly due
to excessive use of memory and computation cycles during result expansion

R14.5 enables the user to expand a fraction of the model

n = Controls the extent of expansion

n [1, N]
n = 0 for Program Controlled.

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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i = Controls display range (i, i + n 1)

i [1, N]
i = 0 for Program Controlled

Example Expansions for N=13

4 sectors

7 sectors

13 sectors

You can now display and animate results over a fraction of the total
symmetry expansions and incur a corresponding fraction of the
memory and computational expense.

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Linear Periodic Symmetry

New Symmetry type created to simulate linear periodic models with
structural translational symmetry in Mechanical using Symmetry
Region object. The Low and High Boundaries of that object assumed to
be identical, and they will be automatically meshed using Mesh
Matched controls. During solution those matched nodes are coupled
together using MAPDL CP command.

The existed Symmetry Region object with

new Symmetry type Linear Periodic
shown together with old Symmetric and
Anti- Symmetric types used before.

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Linear Periodic Symmetry

Simple model with translational Symmetry which is described by Symmetry Region
object with new Linear Periodic type is defined below.

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Total Deformation Solution Results

The Total Deformation results are presented for two cases: first solution was
done with new Symmetry object and the second one without it.

Symmetry exists

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No Symmetry

Post-processing with Symmetry Expansion

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ANSYS Release 14.5

Structural Mechanics
Highlights: Part 2

Jiaping Zhang
ANSYS Structural Technical Support, Houston
Jiaping.Zhang@ansys.com
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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Outline
o Fracture Mechanics

o Modeling Composite
o Additional Control in Contact Modeling

o Improved External Data Mapping

o Miscellaneous features in ANSYS Mechanical

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Outline
o Fracture Mechanics

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Motivation
Cracks and flaws can occur for several reasons:

The material may be inherently defective

Long term operation

Environmental conditions

Static fracture mechanics calculation could be used to

Determine maximum allowable flaw size

Basic for fatigue crack growth

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Crack in gas pipeline due to corrosion

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

February 8, 2013

Crack in welded joint

Fracture Mechanics in ANSYS mechanical

A crack inside ANSYS Mechanical is defined using a

Pre-Meshed Crack object

Crack object (Does not require geometry editing)

These objects can be inserted under the Fracture folder.

Fracture Tool
o Stress Intensity Factors (K1, K2 and K3)
o J-Integral (JINT)
o Energy Release Rate (G1, G2 and G3) (VCCT)

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Pre-Meshed Crack object

A Pre-Meshed Crack is based on a previously-generated
mesh (Mesh object in the tree outline).
2D analyses(could still used for 3D)
Meshes imported with FE Modeler
Crack front is defined using a nodal named selection.
Coordinate system is required :
Y axis of the coordinate system defines the crack
surface normal
origin of the coordinate system represents the open
side of the crack

Solution Contours:
Number of contours for which you want to compute
the fracture result parameters.
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Crack Object
Defines the semi-elliptical shape of the crack in three dimensional static analyses.
Base Mesh (Tetrahedrons quadratic elements) will then be modified to create a
crack mesh.
The crack mesh generation is performed after the creation of the base mesh.

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Crack Object

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Crack object
Coordinate system
Crack definition
Major and Minor radius
Largest contour radius
Circumferential divisions
Mesh Contours
Crack front divisions
Solution contours
Buffer Zone

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Crack object
Buffer Zone: It represents the zone in which the
elements will be removed to insert the crack
template. The transition between the crack and the
base mesh will be filled with elements.

Small buffer zone

Rapid mesh transition

Larger buffer zone

Smooth mesh transition
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Post Processing for crack

Path Plot and Graphic visualization of:
o Stress Intensity Factors (K1, K2 and K3)
o J-Integral (JINT)
o Energy Release Rate (G1, G2 and G3)

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Outline

o Modeling Composite

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Motivation
Excellent attributes for composites:

Light weight
Corrosion resist
Fire protection
Impact resistant

Phenolic gratings used on a tension leg platform

(Courtesy from Strongwell)

High pressure gas accumulator

bottles used in Riser tension assembly
(Courtesy of Lincoln composites)

Multi-Layer composite pipe

(Courtesy from MLC Pipes)

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Carbon fiber umbilical

(Courtesy from Aker Solutions)

Composite Integration in Workbench

Preprocessing

Simulation

Build up the Composite Design

Define the Composite Layup
Define Fiber Directions

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Postprocessing

Evaluate the Composite Design

Evaluate Stresses in the Layer
Evaluate Failure Criteria

Extrude Shell to Solid inside ACP

In the case of thick composites, the
layered shell theory can cause
significant errors in the obtained
results.

Material, Mesh from ACP is

consumed in system B

Geometry is synthesized in B
Solid composite section
from ACP is imported into B

Launch
Mechanical

Extruded
Solid in ACP

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Maintain topology between shell & solid model

Extruded Solid in Mechanical now has same face topology as shell

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Post Processing in ACP-Post

Post processing in ACP-Post

ACP Post will share the

material, geometry and Model
with ACP Pre (System A)
Solution from Static Structural
(System B) will be used by ACP
Post for post processing
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Composite Non-composite inside Mechanical

Assembling composite and other materials together in Mechanical

Composite

Composite

Metal

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Progressive Damage Analysis in Workbench

Material Support in Engineering Data

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Result Support in Mechanical

Parameterization in ACP Pre-Post

Define parameters in ACP Pre and Post

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Outline

o Additional Control in Contact Modeling

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Motivation
Structural engineers need to
go deeper and further in the
detailed analysis of a given
assembly, especially to better
investigate connections

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WB Mechanical Trim Contact

Trim Contact automatically reduces the number
of contact elements generated within each
pair, thereby speeding up processer time.
Program Controlled will typically turn Trim
Contact ON. However, no trimming is done for
manually created pairs and/or when Large
Deflection is turned ON.

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WB Mechanical Penetration Tolerance

Penetration Tolerance:
Contact compatibility is satisfied in normal
direction if normal penetration is within
allowable tolerance (TOLN )
Can be defined as a Factor (of underlying
element depth )or as a Value.
Default =0.1*element depth (surf-surf)
Only exposed for Aug Lagrange
Formulation.

Fn
xp

Augmented Lagrange:
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Fnormal k normal x penetration

WB Mechanical Elastic Slip Tolerance

Elastic Slip Tolerance:
Contact compatibility is satisfied in
tangential direction if Elastic Slip (ELSI) is
within allowable tolerance (SLTO)
Defined as a Factor of average
underlying element length or as a
value
Applies to bonded, rough and
frictional contact behaviors to
enforce compatibility in tangential
direction.
Default SLTO=1% of average element
length

Ftangential

ELSI

Ftangential ktangentialELSI
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WB Mechanical Shell Thickness Effect

Shell Thickness Effect

Applies only to surface bodies

Shell Thickness Effect = NO

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Shell Thickness Effect = Yes

WB Mechanical - Connection Matrix

New Connection Matrix in the Connections Worksheet

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Fluid Pressure Penetration Visualization

No Fluid zone

Command snippets
are still required to
apply the loading to
create this result

New contact result

for fluid pressure
penetration in the
contact tool

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Fluid zone

WB RBD Joint Technology Enhancements

Nonlinear Springs:

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(RBD stands for Rigid Body Dynamics)

WB RBD Joint Technology Enhancements

Efficient modeling of small clearance
between shaft and bearings are
available for spherical, general and
bushing joint and do not require full
contact modeling

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MAPDL- Contact Tabular Real Constants

Contact properties can be defined
using User Programmable Functions or
by tabular input for real constants
(FKN, CNOF, TCC etc.) as function of
time, temperature, pressure,
gap/penetration etc.

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 MAPDL- Contact Tabular Real Constants

Example: User defined FKN vs Contact Pressure

*DIM,CNFKN_top,TABLE,6,1,1,PRESSURE
CNFKN_top(1)=0.1,0.08,0.07,0.07,0.05,0.04
CNFKN_top(1,0)=1,5,10,50,100,150
RMODIF,cid,3,%CNFKN_top%
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!FKN
!Contact Pressure

MAPDL User Routine Enhancements

Enhancements to User-Defined Friction (USERFRIC):

Supports structural and non-structural degrees of freedom

The frictional stresses can be defined as a function of the slip increments

and the contact/target temperatures.

New USERINTER Routine:

Define complex interactions between contacting surfaces when the

existing interaction models are not adequate. Supports
Normal/Tangential Directions and Coupled multi-physics applications.

New USERCNPROP Routine :

Program your own real constants for all current-technology contact

elements (CONTA17x).

- Perform any nonlinear contact pressure/penetration operation instead

of a linear operation (that is, use a varied contact stiffness instead of a
constant stiffness). The contact stiffness can vary with pressure,
penetration, temperature, and your own defined state variables.
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Outline

o Improved External Data Mapping

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Motivation
Exchange files are frequently
used to transfer quantities
from one simulation to
another.

Efficient mapping of point

cloud data is required to
account for misalignment, non
matching units or scaling
issues.

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Support for Displacement and Force Transfer

Users can import displacement and force data from external files
into Mechanical using the External Data system

Unavailable data
can be ignored

Worksheet view to specify the components and scale results

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Import Pressure in a Harmonic Analysis

Users can import pressure data and apply in a downstream harmonic analysis
Ability to prescribe real and imaginary components (normal to and defined by
components)

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Choice of coordinate system for vector

data alignment
Default is Source CS

Any Local CS including Cylindrical

UY in Source CS
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UY in Local Cylindrical CS

2D-3D Mapping
Imported vector data are transformed for 2D-3D mapping.
Unavailable data can be ignored in the definition.

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Z Component ignored because imported data

only available for X and Y components

Further options to validate the mapping

Contours display

Additional visual tools have

been implemented to control
how well the data has been
mapped onto the target
structure.

Components
display

Isolines comparizon
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Improved mapping performance

# Source nodes # Target Nodes R14 (1 Core) R14.5 (8 cores) Speedup
207602
79152
41.46
8.27
5.01
387419
437816
366.94
48.18
7.62
2570789
526082
3510.19
462.53
7.59
240178
700911
336.25
50.11
6.71
378779
4457975
3289.4
424.96
7.74

Kriging weighting
calculations now use
multiple cores to faster
results. For larger meshes
utilizing 8 cores, a 6 to 7
times speedup can be
obtained.

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Mapping multiple data sets: Concept of a

master file

The only file with the coordinate information is regarded as the master file.
The rest of them will have data to be mapped against the Node IDs.
This removes the requirement of storing coordinates in each file.

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Outline

o Miscellaneous features in ANSYS Mechanical

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Distance Criteria For Named Selections

The user can now use the Named Selection worksheet to find nodes and
geometry items using a Distance criteria. The distance is calculated
from the origin of the selected coordinate system.

Note: The distance when searching for bodies, faces, edges, and vertices is
calculated from the centroid of that item.

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Hide/Show options on Named Selections

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2D Pretension Bolt Loads

Pretension Bolt loads can now be applied in 2D Analysis

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Surface Force(Moment) Reaction Probe

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Display annotation improvement

Maximum annotation=50, with different colors

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Added Manage View

From Left to right:

1. Create a View
2. Delete View(s)
3. Apply a View
4. Rename
5. Replace saved view based on current
graphics
6. Import Views from a formatted xml in disk
7. Export Views as a formatted xml to disk
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Show Errors Button

New Button in the toolbar to populate message window with explanation
for under-defined objects. In prior release, a solution had to be invoked
to populate the window.

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Check ANSYS 14.5 release notes

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Thank you!

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