Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kuliah BSK 2004 Prof Doddy Soebadi
Kuliah BSK 2004 Prof Doddy Soebadi
Kuliah BSK 2004 Prof Doddy Soebadi
(Urolithiasis)
DMS 2004
CLASSIFICATION
RISK FACTORS
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
DMS 2004
CLASSIFICATION
2 groups:
1.
2.
M
I
A
F
: metabolic
: infection
: anatomic
: functional
Idiopathic
DMS 2004
MIAF Urolithiasis
Defects in purine metabolism (uric acid related
disorders)
Hyperoxaluric states
Primary hyperoxaluria
Enteric hyperoxaluria
Hypercalcemic states
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Vitamin D abuse
DMS 2004
MIAF Urolithiasis
Hypercalcemic states (cont.)
Immobilization
Disseminated malignancies
Sarcoidosis
Renal tubular acidosis
Chronic diarrhoeal states
Cystinuria
Urinary infection with urease producing microorganisms
Anatomical and functional abnormalities
DMS 2004
RISK FACTORS
Genetics :
Cystinuria: autosomal recessive
RTA (renal tubular acidosis) type I
Medullary sponge kidney
DMS 2004
Profession
Mentality
Abnormal renal
morphology
Nutrition
Constitution
Disturbed
urine flow
Urinary
tract infection
Increase
excretion of
stone forming
constituents
Climate
Race
Inheritance
Metabolic
abnormalities
Decreased
excretion of
crystallization
promoters
Excretion of
Urinary volume
crystallization
inhibitors
Abnormal crystalluria
Crystal aggregation
Crystal growth
DMS 2004
Genetic
factors
DIAGNOSIS
History
Physical exam.
Additional :
Urine, microbiology
Serum: kidney function, uric acid
Plain x-ray / USG /IVP
DMS 2004
HISTORY
X-RAY
STONE ANALYSIS
BLOOD:
SERUM CREATININE
CALCIUM
URIC ACID
URINE:
CULTURE
pH
NEFROLITIASIS KALSIUM
IDIOPATIK SEDERHANA
EVALUASI SELEKTIF
TAMBAHAN
UROLITIASIS
MIAF
NEFROLITIASIS KALSIUM
IDIOPATIK KOMPLIKASI
DMS 2004
Urin 24 jam:
volume
kreatinin
kalsium
sitrat
DMS 2004
TERAPI
MENGHILANGKAN NYERI
PENGAMBILAN BATU
TERAPI PENCEGAHAN BATU KALSIUM
TERAPI FARMAKOLOGIS BATU KALSIUM
TERAPI FARMAKOLOGIS BATU ASAM URAT
TERAPI FARMAKOLOGIS BATU SISTIN
TERAPI FARMAKOLOGIS BATU INFEKSI
DMS 2004
TERAPI
PENGAMBILAN BATU
1.
2.
3.
4.
ESWL
URS
PNL
BEDAH TERBUKA
DMS 2004
ESWL (1)
Sejak 1984
Mesin ESWL : bertambah kecil, kekuatan
lebih rendah
Modifikasi kriteria indikasi
Kontra indikasi absolut:
ESWL (2)
Paling efektif untuk batu < 20 mm
Tidak ideal untuk batu kaliks inferior >15 mm
Hasil untuk batu ginjal:
Ukuran batu
Angka bebas batu (3 bulan)
< 10 mm
62-92% (84%)
10-20 mm
59-81% (77%)
> 20 mm
19-70% (40%)
(re-tx 10 30%)
DMS 2004
ESWL (3)
ESWL (4)
ESWL untuk batu ureter:
Kurang mudah dipecah (tx ulangan >)
Berguna untuk batu kecil (< 8 mm)
In-situ atau pushnbang
Kadang2 perlu DJ-stent
Angka bebas batu (3 bulan):
B.ureter prox.
B.ureter tengah
B.ureter distal
URS
Sejak 2 dekade
Ureteroskop baru:
URS
Prosedur:
Ultrasonik
Elektrohidraulik
Laser
Balistik / pneumatik
+/- DJ-stent
Angka bebas batu : 95 100% (re-tx 10%)
Rawat jalan atau rawat inap 1 2 hari
DMS 2004
Ultrasonik
Elektrohidraulik
Laser
Balistik / pneumatik
BEDAH TERBUKA
1. Pielolitotomi / extended pielolitotomi
2. Nefrolitotomi / anatrophic nefrolitotomi
3. Multiple radial nefrolitotomi
4. Teknik hipotermia
5. Batu + indikasi rekonstruksi
6. Batu u-v junction, yg perlu neo implantasi
7. Tidak ada fasilitas ESWL/URS/PNL
8. Parsial & total Nefrektomi
9. Ureterolithotomi
DMS 2004
TERAPI CHEMOLYSIS
Berguna untuk Tx tambahan pd ESWL, PNL,
URS atau bedah terbuka.
1. Batu infeksi
2. Brushite
3. Cystine
4. Uric acid
5. Calcium oxalate & ammonium urate
DMS 2004
TERAPI CHEMOLYSIS
1. Batu infeksi
TERAPI CHEMOLYSIS
2. Batu brushite
Dipakai larutan asam
Dp dipakai untuk sisa batu
Terutama bila sering kambuh
DMS 2004
TERAPI CHEMOLYSIS
3. Batu cystine
Dipakai larutan basa pH 8.5 9:
DMS 2004
TERAPI CHEMOLYSIS
4. Batu asam urat
Dipakai larutan basa pH 8.5 9:
DMS 2004
DMS 2004
DMS 2004
Terapi ekspektatif:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Diuretika
K/p analgetik (bl kolik)
Exercise : lari, olah raga yg loncat2
Minum 3-4 liter air
Jangan diberi antibiotika
DMS 2004
Terapi ekspektatif:
1. Diuretika :
HCT 25 mg 1 X 1 tab