Bai tap

Chng 1PLD
1.1 Ve s o khoi cho biet cach noi ROM va cac D flipflop e cai at bang E.1.1. Xac nh bang
chan tr cho ROM dung phep gan trang thai nh phan trc tiep.
Bang E.1.1 Bang trang thai vi nhieu ngo ra va ngo vao
Trang thai hien
Trang thai ke
Gia tr ra hien tai (Z1Z2)
tai
X1X2 = 00 01 10 11 X1X2= 00 01 10 11
S0
S3
S2 S1 S0
00 10 11 01
S1
S0
S1 S2 S3
10 10 11 11
S2
S3
S0 S1 S1
00 10 11 11
S3
S2
S2 S1 S0
00 00 01 01
1.2 Bang trang thai E.1.2 se c cai at dung PLA va cac D flipflop
Bang E.1.2
Z
ABC
X=
0
1 0 1
000 S0
S1 S2 0 0
110 S1
S3 S2 0 0
001 S2
S1 S4 0 0
111 S3
S5 S2 0 0
011 S4
S1 S6 0 0
101 S5
S5 S2 1 0
010 S6
S1 S6 0 1
a) Ve s o khoi.
b) Xac nh noi dung cua PLA theo dang bang dung gan trang thai bang E.1.2.
c) Neu thay PLA bang ROM th can ROM kch thc bao nhieu?
1.3 Cai at bang trang thai E.1.2 dung PAL 16R4. anh dau cac X tren bang sao cua s o 16R4
e ch mau cau ch.
1.4 Lam tng t 1.2 vi bang trang thai sau:
PS
NS
Z
X=
0
1 X= 0 1
A
A
E
0 0
B
C
B
0 1
C
A
F
0 0
D
C
B
0 1
E
F
E
0 0
F
A
F
0 0
Suy ra cac phng trnh D dung phep gan trang thai A = 000, B = 111, C = 110, D = 101, E = 100
va F = 010.
1.5 Thiet ke 1 he tuan t e nhan 1 so BCD 8421 vi 3 e cho mot so nh phan 5 bit. Th du neu
vao la 0111 th ra se la 10101. Nhap va xuat cua he la noi tiep vi LSB i trc. Gia s la nhap
se la 0 thi iem clock th 5, va reset he sau bit ra th 5.
a) Suy ra bang trang thai vi so trang thai toi thieu
KTS2Bai taptrang 1/24

b) Thiet ke he dung JK flipflop va cac cong NAND va NOR.

c) Thiet ke he dung PLA va cac D flipflop. Lap bang PLA.
d) Thiet ke he dung PAL. Cho kieu PAL va khuon mau cau ch.
1.6 Cai at bang trang thai sau dung PAL 16R4
Trang thai Trang thai ke Output
hien tai
Z
X =0
1
S0
S1
S3
0
S1
S2
S5
0
S2
S1
S6
1
S3
S1
S4
0
S4
S4
S4
0
S5
S2
S4
0
S6
S1
S4
1
1.7 Vi bang trang thai E.1.7 sau:
a) Thc hien gan trang thai nh phan va suy ra cac phng trnh trang thai ke cho cac D
flipflop va cac bien ra.
b) Co the cai at cac phng trnh a) bang 1 PAL 16R4 c khong? Neu khong, tm 1
gan trang thai mi ma co cac phng trnh trang thai ke co t so hang hn. Ch ra cac
phng trnh can e cai at bang trang thai bang PAL 16R4.
Bang E.1.7
NS
Z1 Z2
PS XY=00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11
a
a
b
c
d
0
0
1
0
b
b
c
g
e
1
0
0
1
c
f
i
g
h
1
1
0
0
d
d
d
d
a
0
1
0
1
e
g
c
a
b
1
0
1
1
f
i
f
h
g
1
1
0
1
g
b
g
c
a
0
0
0
0
h
i
h
i
h
0
0
0
1
i
h
i
a
a
1
0
0
0
1.8 Mot chiec xe hi co 3 en uoi ben trai va 3 en uoi ben phai ma nhap nhay theo cac mau
duy nhat e ch re trai va re phai.
Mau re trai (LEFT)
Mau re phai (RIGHT)
LC LB LA RA RB RC
LC LB LA RA RB RC

Thiet ke he tuan t Moore e ieu khien cac en nay. He co 3 ngo vao: LEFT, RIGHT va
HAZ. LEFT va RIGHT co t cong tac tn hieu re cua tai xe va khong the ong thi bang 1. Nh
a ch tren, khi LEFT = 1 en nhap nhay theo mau LA sang; LA va LB sang; LA, LB va LC
sang; tat ca eu tat va roi qua trnh nay tuan t lap lai. Neu cong tac t LEFT sang RIGHT (hoac
KTS2Bai taptrang 2/24

ngc lai) xay ra gia chuoi nhap nhay, he tc thi i ve trang thai ngh IDLE (tat ca cac en
tat) va roi bat au chuoi mi. HAZ co t cong tac hazard, va khi HAZ = 1, tat ca 6 en nhap
nhay tat va m ong bo. HAZ lay u tien neu LEFT hoac RIGHT cung ang ON. Gia s tn hieu
clock kha dung bang toc o nhay nhay mong muon.
a) Ve gian o trang thai (8 trang thai)
b) Cai at he dung 6 D flipflop, va thc hien phep gan trang thai sao cho moi ngo ra
flipflop lai trc tiep 1 trong 6 en.
c) Cai at he dung 3 D flipflop , dung cach rut gon trang thai.
d) Chu y en kinh te gia nhieu flipflop hn va nhieu cong hn trong (b) va (c). e ngh 1
PLD thch hp cho moi trng hp.
1.9 Cai at bo em len/xuong BCD 4 bit (0,1,.,9) dung XOR PAL thch hp. Bo em co cac
ngo vao ieu khien U (=1 e em len), va D (=1 e em xuong), nhng khong co cac ngo vao
nap. Suy ra cac phng trnh PAL va ch khuon mau cau ch PAL.
1.10 Cai at bo em len nh phan modulo 11 dung XOR PAL. Chuoi em la 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 0,.v.v.. Viet cac phng trnh trang thai ke vi dang thch hp e s dung vi XOR PAL.
1.11 Mot thanh ghi dch N-bit tng t vi 74178 se c cai at bang 22V10
a) Gia tr toi a cua N la bao nhieu?
(Cac) cau ch nao nen cho chay moi `output macrocell ?
b) Viet ra cac phng trnh cho ngo vao D vi cac flipflop ban au (th nhat) va cuoi
cung.
1.12 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao va 1 ngo ra. Ngo ra se la 1 neu a nhan c toi thieu 2 so 0 va
toi thieu 2 so 1 bat chap th t xay ra. Hay ve gian o trang thai (kieu Moore) cua he (co 9 trang
thai la u). Cai at he bang: a) ROM; b) PLA.
1.13 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao va 1 ngo ra. Ngo ra la 1 neu nhan c t nhat mot so 1 va ba
so 0, bat chap th t xay ra. Ve gian o trang thai (kieu Moore) cua he (co 8 trang thai la u).
Cai at he bang: a) ROM; b) PLA.
1.14 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao (X) va 2 ngo ra (Z1 va Z2). Ngo ra Z1=1 khi nhan c chuoi
vao 101, ngo ra Z2=1 khi nhan c chuoi vao 011. He co ac iem la mot khi a xay ra Z2=1 th
Z1=1 co the khong bao gi xay ra va ngc lai. Hay tm gian o trang thai Mealy va bang trang
thai (co so trang thai toi thieu la 8).
1.15 Tng t 1.14 nhng Z1=1 vi chuoi vao 010, Z2=1 vi chuoi vao 100. (So trang thai toi
thieu la 8).
1.16 Mot he tuan t co 2 ngo vao (X1, X2) va 1 ngo ra (Z). Ngo ra gi gia tr khong oi tr khi co
1 trong cac chuoi vao sau xay ra:
a) Chuoi vao X1 X2=00, 01 lam cho Z=0.
b) Chuoi vao X1 X2=01, 11 lam cho Z =1
c) Chuoi vao X1 X2=10, 11 lam cho Z ao gia tr cu (ngha la trc o la 0 th bay gi la 1
va ngc lai).
Suy ra gian o trang thai Moore va bang trang thai. Cai at he bang: a) ROM; b) PLA.
1.17 Tng t 1.16 nhng vi:
a) Chuoi vao X1 X2=01, 00 lam cho Z=0.
b) Chuoi vao X1 X2=11, 00 lam cho Z =1
c) Chuoi vao X1 X2=10, 00 lam cho Z ao gia tr cu.
KTS2Bai taptrang 3/24

1.18 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao (X) va 1 ngo ra (Z). Ve gian o trang thai Mealy cho cac
trng hp sau:
a) Ngo ra Z =1 neu tong so bit 1 nhan c chia het cho 3 ( ta xem 0, 3, 6, 9,. chia het cho 3)
b) Ngo ra Z = 1 neu tong so bit 1 nhan c chia het cho 3 va tong so bit 0 nhan c la 1 so
chan > 0 (9 trang thai).
1.19 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao (X) va 1 ngo ra (Z). Ve gian o trang thai Mealy cho cac
trng hp sau:
a) Ngo ra Z =1 neu tong so bit 1 nhan c chia het cho 4 ( ta xem 0, 4, 8, 12,. chia het cho 4)
b) Ngo ra Z = 1 neu tong so bit 1 nhan c chia het cho 4 va tong so bit 0 nhan c la 1 so le
(co 9 trang thai).
1.20 Mot he tuan t co 2 ngo ra. Cac ngo vao (X1, X2) bieu dien so nh phan 2 bit N. Neu gia tr
hien tai cua N ln hn gia tr trc o th Z1=1. Neu gia tr hien tai cua N nho hn gia tr trc o
th Z2=1. Cac trng hp khac th Z1=Z2=0. Khi cap gia tr vao au tien nhan c th khong co
gia tr trc o cua N th ta xem nh trng hp vi Z1=Z2=0.
a) Tm bang trang thai Mealy cua he (so trang thai toi thieu bao gom trang thai bat au la 5). Cai
at he bang PLA.
b) Tm bang trang thai Moore cua he (so trang thai toi thieu la 11). Cai at he bang PLA.
1.21 Mot he tuan t co 2 ngo vao va 2 ngo ra. Cac ngo vao (X1,X2) bieu dien so nh phan 2 bit N.
Neu gia tr hien tai cua N cong vi gia tr N trc o ln hn 2 th Z1=1. Neu gia tr hien tai cua
N nhan vi gia tr trc o cua N ma ln hn 2 th Z2=1. Cac trng hp khac th Z1=Z2=0. Khi
nhan c cap gia tr vao au tien th xem nh gia tr trc o cua N=0.
a) Tm gian o trang thai Mealy va bang trang thai cua he (so trang thai toi thieu la 4). Cai at
bang PLA.
b) Tm bang trang thai Moore cua he (so trang thai toi thieu la 11 nhng vi ap so co so trang
thai < 16 chap nhan c).
1.22 Mot he tuan t Moore co 1 ngo vao va 1 ngo ra. Khi chuoi vao la 011 th ngo ra Z=1 va gi
gia tr 1 cho en khi chuoi vao 011 xay ra mot lan na th ngo ra Z=0. Ngo ra Z gi gia tr 0 cho
en khi 011 xay ra lan th 3. Th du chuoi vao:
X=01011010110100111
Cho chuoi ra Z = 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Suy ra bang trang thai (co so trang thai toi thieu 6). Cai at he bang PLA.
1.23 Tng t 1.22 nhng vi chuoi vao 101 lam cho ngo ra oi trang thai. Th du:
chuoi vao X = 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
chuoi ra Z = 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
Tm bang trang thai (6 hang toi thieu). Cai at he bang PLA.
1.24 Gia tr vao cua 1 he tuan t gom cac nhom 5 bit. Moi nhom 5 bit bieu dien so BCD loai ma
2 trong 5 (co 2 bit 1 trong nhom 5 bit). Sau khi nhan 5 bit, he cho tr ra la 1 va reset neu nhom 5
bit la ma 2 trong 5 hp le, cac trng hp khac th ngo ra bang 0 va reset. He co 1 ngo vao va 1
ngo ra. Suy ra gian o trang thai Mealy (co so trang thai toi thieu la 13).
1.25 Mot he tuan t Mealy co 2 ngo vao va 1 ngo ra. Neu tong so bit 0 nhan c > 4 va toi thieu
3 cap tr vao a xay ra th ngo ra bang 1 cap vao cuoi trong chuoi tr vao. Khi ngo ra Z=1 xay
ra th he reset. Suy ra gian o trang thai va bang trang thai. Ch ro y ngha cua moi trang thai. Th
du S0 ngha la reset, S1 ngha la cap tr vao la 11,
Th du:
KTS2Bai taptrang 4/24

X1 = 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
X2 = 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Chuoi ra:
Z =0001001000001001001
1.26 Mot he tuan t Moore co 1 ngo vao va 1 ngo ra. Ngo ra Z = 1 neu tong so bit 1 nhan c la
le va tong so bit 0 nhan c la so chan > 0. Suy ra gian o trang thai va bang trang thai (so
trang thai toi thieu la 6). Cai at he bang PLA.
1.27 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao X va 1 ngo ra Z. Ngo ra Z hien tai bang gia tr vao X trc o 2
chu ky clock. Th du:
X=0101101011010001
Z=0001011010110100
Hai gia tr au tien cua Z la 0. Tm gian o trang thai Mealy va bang trang thai cua he. Cai at
bang PLA.
1.28 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao X va 1 ngo ra Z. Ngo ra hien tai bang gia tr vao trc o 3 chu
ky clock. Th du:
X=0101101011010001
Z=0000101101011010
Ba gia tr au cua Z = 0. Tm gian o trang thai Mealy va bang trang thai cua he. Cai at he
bang PLA.
1.29 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao X va 2 ngo ra S va V. X bieu dien so nh phan 4 bit N ma LSB
c nhap trc, S bieu dien so nh phan 4 bit bang N+2 ma ngo ra se cho LSB ra trc. thi
iem tr vao th 4 xay ra th V=1 neu N+2 ln hn bieu dien 4 bit (b tran [overflow]), ngc lai
th V=0. He luon luon reset sau khi nhan c bit th 4 cua X. Tm gian o trang thai Mealy va
bang trang thai cua he. Cai at he bang PLA.
Th du:
X = 0111 (ay la 1410 vi LSB i trc)
S = 0000 (v 14 + 2 = 1610 = 10000
V = 0001
1.30 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao X va 2 ngo ra D va B. X bieu dien so nh phan 4 bit N ma nhap
vao vi LSB i trc, D bieu dien so nh phan 4 bit bang N - 2 ma ngo ra xuat vi LSB i trc.
thi iem tr vao th 4 xay ra th B=1 neu N -2 nho hn 0 ( mn = Borrow), ngc lai th B=0.
He luon luon reset sau khi nhan c bit th 4 cua X. Tm gian o trang thai Mealy vabang trang
thai . Cai at he bang PLA.
Th du: X = 0001 1000 1100
D = 0110 1111 1000
B = 0000 0001 0000
1.31 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao X va cac ngo ra Y va Z. Cap YZ bieu dien 1 so nh phan 2 bit
bang so bit 1 a nhan c. He reset khi tong so bit 1 nhan c la 3 hoac khi tong so bit 0 nhan
c la 3. Tm gian o trang thai Moore va bang trang thai cua he. Cai at he bang PLA.
1.32 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao X va cac ngo ra Y va Z. Cap YZ bieu dien 1 so nh phan 2 bit
bang so cap bit 1 lien tiep nhan c ngo vao. Th du chuoi vao 0110 cha mot cap bit 1, chuoi
011110 cha 2 cap bit 1, va chuoi 0110111 cha 3 cap bit 1 lien tiep. He reset khi tong so cap bit
1 lien tiep la 4. Tm gian o trang thai Moore va bang trang thai cua he. Cai at he bang PLA.
Th du:
reset

Chuoi vao: X = 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
Chuoi vao:

KTS2Bai taptrang 5/24

Chuoi ra : Y = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
Z=000011101111111111000011100000
Chuoi vao: X = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chuoi ra: Y = 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
Z= 01010010

Reset
Hng dan: Bao am he reset nh cac th du tren.
1.33 Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao va 1 ngo ra c dung e m rong 2 bit au cua chuoi 4 bit nh
sau:
Gia tr vao Gia tr ra
00XX
0000
01XX
0011
10XX
1100
11XX
1111
C sau 1 bo 4 bit th he reset. Tm gian o trang thai Mealy va bang trang thai cua he. Cac bit th
3 va th 4 cua chuoi vao co the la 1 hoac 0, v vay phai am bao he se lam viec vi moi ket hp
co the co.
1.34 Mot he tuan t dung e ieu khien hoat ong cua mot may ban hang ban mon hang $0,25
(25 xu). He co 3 ngo vao N, D va Q va 2 ngo ra R va C. Bo phat hien tien ong trong may ban
hang ong bo vi clock cua he tuan t ta thiet ke. Bo phat hien tien ong se cho ra 1 cho N, D
hay Q (N = nickel = 5 xu, D = dime = 10 xu va Q = quarter = 25 xu) khi ta cho vao 5 xu, 10 xu hay
25 xu. Moi lan ch co toi a ngo ra la 1 bo phat hien tien ong. Khi khach hang a tien vao th
may ban hang kiem tra thay neu toi thieu 25 xu th giao hang cho khach tra tien d theo 5 xu. Vi
moi gia tr ra la 1 C th may xuat ra ong 5 xu cho khach hang. Mon hang se c xuat ra khi
he cho ngo ra R = 1. (C = change =thoi tien va R = return = giao hang). He se reset sau khi giao
hang.
Th du: Khach hang nhet 1 ong 5 xu, 1 ong 10 xu va 1 ong 25 xu. Cac ngo vao va ra cua he
nh sau:
N=0001000000000000
Ngo vao D = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Q=0000000000100000
Ngo ra R = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
C=0000000000011100
Chu y la co the co cac so khong gia cac gia tr vao.
Suy ra bang trang thai Moore cua he, va moi trang thai ch ra khach hang a a vao bao nhieu
tien hoac a thoi lai bao nhieu. Cai at he bang PLA.
1.35
a) Suy ra bang trang thai cua he tuan t Mealy oi mot chuoi cac bit noi tiep t ma NRZ sang ma
NRZI. Gia s rang chu ky xung nhp bang thi gian bit nh hnh E.1.35.
b) Lap lai a) vi he tuan t Moore.

KTS2Bai taptrang 6/24

c) Ve gian o nh th cho ap so a) dung dang song vao NRZ nh hnh tren. Neu ngo vao hi
thay oi sau canh clock, hay ch cac cho dang song ra ma cac glitch (gai/xung nhieu) [cac gia
tr ra sai] co the xay ra.
d) Ve gian o nh th cho ap so b), dung cung cac dang song vao nh c). Co nhan xet g?

Hnh E. 1.35
1.36 Thiet ke 1 he tuan t ong bo dung PLA va D flipflop kch canh len ma cho ngo ra Z t le
vi tan so xung nhp CK (Z = CK/n) nh c minh hoa gian o nh th hnh sau:
Trang thai
a
b
c
a
b
c
CK
Z
Hnh E.1.36
a) Tan so tn hieu ra Z t le nh the nao vi tan so CK?
b) Tm bang trang thai e thiet ke.
c) S dung gan trang thai a = 00, b = 01 va c = 10. Cho tat ca cac trang thai khong s dung
ve a (00). Ve s o mach thiet ke.
1.37 Thiet ke he tuan t ong bo Moore co 2 ngo vao X1 va X2 va 1 ngo ra Z. Khi X1=0 va X2=1
th ngo ra Z = 1. Neu tiep theo ngo vao X2=1 th ngo ra Z van tr la 1, con cac trng hp khac
th Z = 0. Cai at he bang PLA va D flipflop kch canh xuong.
Chng 2Lu o may trang thai
2.1 Xay dng 1 khoi SM co 3 bien vao (D, E, F), 4 bien ra (P, Q, R, S) va 2 ng ra. Vi khoi
nay, ngo ra P luon luon la 1 va Q = 1 neu D = 1. Neu D va F la 1 hoac D va E la 0 th R = 1 va
lay ng ra 2. neu (D = 0 va E = 1) hoac (D = 1 va F = 0) th S = 1 va lay ng ra 1.
2.2 Xay dng mot khoi SM co 3 bien vao (A, B, C), 4 bien ra (W, X, Y, Z) va 2 ng ra. Vi
khoi nay, ngo ra Z luon luon bang 1 va W = 1 neu ca hai A va B bang 1. Neu C = 1 va A = 0 th
Y = 1 va chon ng ra 1. Neu C = 0 hoac A = 1 , th X = 1 va chon ng ra 2.
KTS2Bai taptrang 7/24

2.3 Chuyen cac gian o trang thai hnh E.2.1 va E.2.2 sang cac lu o SM.

Hnh E.2.1. May trang thai Moore

Hnh E.2.2 May trang thai Mealy
2.4 Chuyen cac gian o trang thai (bo phat hien tuan t) hnh E.2.3 va E.2.4 sang lu o SM. S
dung cac ngo ra theo ieu kien cho hnh E.2.3.

Hnh E.2.3 Gian o Mealy

Hnh E.2.4 Gian o Moore
2.5 Chuyen gian o trang thai hnh E.2.5 sang lu o SM. Kiem tra 1 bien duy nhat trong moi hop
quyet nh. Hay th toi thieu hoa so hop quyet nh.

KTS2Bai taptrang 8/24

Hnh E.2.5
2.6 Chuyen gian o trang thai hnh 2.23 sang lu o SM.
2.7 Hoan tat gian o nh th sau cho lu o SM hnh 2.25 (bo nhan nh phan), gia s St = 1.

Hnh E.2.7 Gian o nh th cua hnh 2.25

2.8 Hoan tat gian o nh th sau cho lu o SM hnh 2.20 (bo chia nh phan)

KTS2Bai taptrang 9/24

Hnh E.2.8 gian o nh th cho hnh 2.20.

2.9 Thiet ke lai bo nhan nh phan e bat c luc nao phep cong xay ra bit nhan (M) se c at
thanh 0. Nh vay, neu M = 1 thi iem clock cho trc va phep cong xay ra, M se bang 0 thi
iem clock ke. Nh vay, ta co the luon luon cong khi M = 1 va luon luon dch khi M = 0. ieu
nay co ngha la mach ieu khien se khong phai oi trang thai khi M =1, va so trang thai co the
c giam t 8 xuong 5. Ve lu o SM cho bo ieu khien nhan.
2.10
a) Vi lu o SM cua hnh 2.20 (bo chia nh phan), thc hien phep gan trang thai sau cho cac
flipflop A va B: S0, AB =00; S1 , AB =01; S2 , AB =11; S3 , AB =10.
Suy ra cac phng trnh gia tr ra va trang thai ke bang cach i theo cac ng dan noi ket lu
o SM. n gian hoa cac phng trnh va ve he dung cac D flipflop va cac cong NAND
b) Lap lai cho lu o SM hnh 2.25 (bo nhan nh phan). Dung gan trang thai:
S0, AB =00; S1 , AB =01; S2 , AB =10
2.11
a) Viet cac phng trnh gia tr ra va trang thai ke cho tro chi xuc xac bang cach i theo cac
ng dan noi ket tren lu o SM (hnh 2.28)
b) Thiet ke khoi co ten logic kiem tra (Test Logic) hnh 2.26 (tro chi xuc xac).
2.12
a) Cai at lu o SM hnh 2.9 dung 1 PLA va 2 D flipflop. Ve s o khoi va cho bang PLA.
b) Lap lai cho hnh 2.25 (bo nhan nh phan) dung cung phep gan trang thai nh bai tap 2.10.
2.13 Cho lu o SM hnh E.2.13.
a) Ve gian o nh th ch clock, trang thai (S0,S1, S2), cac gia tr vao X1 va X2 va cac gia tr ra.
Gia s la X3 = 0 va chuoi tuan t vao cho X1 X2 la 01, 00, 10, 11, 01, 10. Gia s la tat ca cac thay
oi trang thai xay ra canh len cua clock, va cac gia tr vao thay oi gia cac xung clock.
b) S dung gan trang thai cho bai tap 2.10 (b) va suy ra cac phng trnh ra va trang thai ke
bang cach i theo cac ng dan noi ket. n gian hoa cac phng trnh nay dung trang thai
dont care (AB = 11) va ve he tng ng.
c) Cai at lu o 1 PLA va cac D F/ F. Cho bang PLA?
KTS2Bai taptrang 10/24

d) Neu dung ROM thay v PLA, th can ROM kch thc bao nhieu? Viet 5 dong au tien cua
bang ROM.

Hnh E.2.13
2.14 Tng t bai tap 2.13 nhng cho lu o SM hnh E.2.14 va chuoi tuan t vao la X1X2X3 =
011, 101, 111, 010, 110, 101, 001.
2.15
a) Suy ra lu o SM cho bo ieu khien bai tap 1.8.
b) Cai at lu o SM (a) dung 1 PLA va cac D flipflop
2-16 Cho trc cac bien vao X1 va X2 , cac bien trang thai Y1 , Y2 va Y3 va cac bien ra Z1 en
Z8, hay tm cac bien Moore va Mealy neu biet:
a) Z1 = Y1.Y2.X1
e) Z5 = Y2
b) Z2 = Y1.Y3
f) Z6 = Y1. Y3.X1
c) Z3 = Y1. Y2. Y3
g) Z7 = Y1+ Y2
d) Z4 = Y3. X1. X2
h) Z8 = Y2+ X2
2.17 Thiet ke 1 SM ong bo kieu Moore vi 2 bien vao X1 va X2 va 1 bien ra Z. Khi X1 . X2=1
s kien nh th clock ke th ngo ra Z = 1. Roi ngo ra Z tr ve 0 tr khi X2=1 lam cho gia tr ra gi
1.
a) Ve lu o ASM
b) Tm phng trnh trang thai ke (dung D flipflop kch canh am). Tm phng trnh cho Z.
KTS2Bai taptrang 11/24

c) Ve mach.

Hnh E.2.14
2.18 Tng t 2.17 nhng X1 .X2 = 0 lam cho gia tr ra Z gia tr 1. X1 = 1 lam cho gia tr ra Z
tr 0, ngc lai Z = 1.
a) Ve gian o trang thai.
b) Tm phng trnh trang thai ke (dung D flipflop kch canh dng). Tm phng trnh cua Z.
c) Ve mach.
2.19 Thiet ke 1 SM ong bo kieu Mealy vi 1 ngo vao X va 2 ngo ra Z1 va Z2 Khi X = 1 nhp
clock ke th may thay oi t trang thai SA sang trang thai SB va Z1 Z2 = 01. May van trang thai
SB khi X =1 va cho Z1 Z2 = 10, Khi X=0, may tr ve trang thai SA vi Z1 Z2 =00 va Z1 Z2 gi la
00 neu nh may van SA.
a) Ve lu o ASM.
b) Ve gian o trang thai.
c) S dung a) hoac b) e co c cac phng trnh trang thai ke hoac phng trnh ngo ra vi D
flipflop kch canh dng.
d) Toi thieu hoa cac phng trnh va ve mach.
2.20 T cac hnh E.2.20 a) en c) , hay tm cac phng trnh trang thai ke va phng trnh ngo ra.
Hay tm cac phng trnh trang thai ke (khong toi thieu hoa).

KTS2Bai taptrang 12/24

Hnh E.2.20
2.21 Phan tch SM hnh E. 2.21 va tm:
a) Phng trnh vao D flipflop va ngo ra Z.
KTS2Bai taptrang 13/24

b) Bang dong.
d) Gian o trang thai.

Hnh E.2.21
2.22 Thiet ke mach ong bo dung D flipflop kch canh am cho tn hieu ra Z bang 1/5 tan so cua
clock he thong CK.
a) Ve gian o nh th quan he gia CK va Z.
b) Lap bang trang thai.
c) S dung gan trang thai nh phan trc tiep th du S0 = 0, va a tat ca cac trang thai khong s
dung ve S0. Tm cac phng trnh ra va trang thai ke.
d) Ve mach.
2.23 Cho cac gian o trang thai sau (bien vao la X, bien ra la Z), hay ve lu o SM va rut gon:

(a)

(b)

Hnh E.2.23
2.24 Mot mach kiem tra moi lan 4 bit d lieu. D lieu c nhan noi tiep va ngo ra cua mach la 1
neu tong so bit la le. C sau 4 bit th mach quay ve ieu kien reset.
a) Ve lu o SM va rut gon neu co.
b) Cai at lu o SM, dung PLA va D flipflop kch canh xuong.
2.25 Dung lu o SM e thie ke mach em 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 va lap lai. Mach nay dung e ieu khien
8 en nh sau: Ban au cac en t 1 en 4 sang, tiep theo en 2 en 5 sang, 3 en 6, 4 en 7 va 5
en 8. Roi mau xuat nay c lap lai. Thiet ke mach dung PLA va D flipflop.
KTS2Bai taptrang 14/24

2.26 Cac phng trnh trang thai ke va tr ngo ra co c 1 tuan t ong bo co 8 ngo vao, 2 ngo ra
nh sau:
DA = ABCW + ACN
DB = A.C.X.Y + AB + BC
DC = ABCS + ABCY + BCH + ABN +ABD + ABC
Z = BCSY + ABC
K = ACN
Vi A,B,C la 3 bien trang thai va Z va K cac ngo ra. Hay suy ra lu o SM cua he va cai
at he nay.

Chng 3 He tuan t khong ong bo

Phan tch cac he tuan t khong ong bo
3.1 Vi bang dong cho trc.
a) Tm tat ca cac chay ua ti han va giai thch tai sao chung ti han,
b) Tm tat ca cac chay ua khong ti han
c) Tm tat ca cac lap vong (cycle)
d) Ve gian o nh th ch cai g xay ra, cho Q1Q2 va Z khi he c bat au bang trang thai b) va
input c thay oi t 01 sang 00.
NS
Z
PS
Q1Q2 X1X2=00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10

0 0
c
b
c 0
0
0
0

0 1
c
d 1
0
1
0

1 1
d
b
d 0
1
0
0

1
1 0
c
b
1
0
0
3.2 Ban au Q1 = Q2 = 0. Xay dng bang dong cho he sau, va dung bang dong nay e xac nh
chuoi vao ngan nhat cho X1X2 ma se cho gia tr ra Z = 1.(S thay oi ong thi cac bien vao
khong c cho phep).

Hnh E.3.2
3-3 Vi he sau, xay dng bang dong va xac nh chuoi gia tr ra. Trang thai ban au la 00 va
chuoi vao la X1X2 = 00, 01,11,10, 00.

KTS2Bai taptrang 15/24

Hnh E.3.3
3.4 Xay dng bang dong cho he sau va mo ta cai g xay ra khi X b thay oi t 0 sang 1. Neu he
c bat au vi Q1 = Q2 = 0, lam the nao e co c gia tr ra Z = 1? Ve gian o nh th ch X,
Q1 , Q2 va Z ch thi iem o X phai thay oi e co c gia tr ra Z=1.

Hnh E.3.4
3.5 Lap lai bai 3.4 cho he sau:

KTS2Bai taptrang 16/24

Hnh E.3.5
3.6 Phan tch he sau dung bang dong. Chuoi gia tr ra la bao nhieu vi chuoi vao sau: X1X2 = 00,
10, 11, 01, 11, 10, 00, 01, 00. Ch cac gia tr nhat thi (qua o) neu co, trong dau ngoac.

Hnh E.3.6
3.7 Phan tch he sau dung bang dong. Chuoi gia tr ra la bao nhieu cho chuoi vao sau: X1X2 = 00,
01, 11, 11, 10, 00, 01, 00, 10? Ch cac gia tr nhat thi (qua o) neu co trong dau ngoac.

Hnh E.3.7
3.8
a) Phan tch he khong ong bo sau dung bang dong. Bat au bang trang thai toan phan on nh
vi X =Z = 0, xac nh cac chuoi trang thai va gia tr vao khi chuoi vao la X = 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,..
b) Co chay ua nao trong bang dong khong? Neu co, chung co phai la cac chay ua ti han?

KTS2Bai taptrang 17/24

Hnh E.3.8
3.9 Lam lai 3-8 cho he khong ong bo sau.

Hnh E.3.9

Thanh lap va rut gon cac bang dong c ban
3.10 Mot he giao hoan tuan t khong ong bo co 1 ngo vao C va 1 ngo ra Z. Tnh hieu vao la
song vuong co tan so f. Ngo ra cua he la song vuong co tan so f/3 nh c ch trong gian o
nh th sau. Tm bang dong co so hang toi thieu cho he chia tan so nay.

Hnh E.3.10
3.11 Mot he giao hoan tuan t khong ong bo co 2 ngo vao va 2 ngo ra. Tat ca cac chuoi gia tr
vao va cac chuoi gia tr ra can co c lap bang nh sau:
Chuoi vao: 00, 10, 11, 01, 00
Chuoi ra : 00, 00, 10, 00, 00.
Chuoi vao: 00, 01, 11, 10, 00
Chuoi ra : 00, 00, 01, 00, 00
Chuoi vao: 00, 10, 00, 01, 00
Chuoi ra : 00, 00, 00, 00, 00
Chuoi vao: 00, 01, 00, 10, 00
Chuoi ra : 00, 00, 00, 00, 00
KTS2Bai taptrang 18/24

Tm bang dong co so hang toi thieu.

3.12 Mot he tuan t khong ong bo co 2 ngo vao X1 X2 va 1 ngo ra Z. Khi gia tr vao X1X2 la 11,
gia tr la 1 va van gia tr 1 cho en khi gia tr vao va trc X1X2=11 xay ra mot lan na, thi
iem o gia tr ra la 0. Khi phat hien c 11 ke, he thc hien tac vu nay mot lan na.
Th du:
X1X2 = 00 01 10 11 00 01 11 10 11 10 01 00
Z
=0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
Khong cho phep gia tr au tien cua chuoi vao la 11. Tm bang dong co so hang toi thieu.
3.13 Mot so may tnh co iieu khien bc, cho phep ngi ieu hanh cho chng trnh chay tng
bc. Viec nay can 1 mach ma co 1 nut an e cho ra cac xung clock, moi khi an nut cho 1 xung
clock. Co gian o nh th sau. nh th cua tn hieu nut nhan la ngau nhien, ngoai tr co khoang
rong (=1) dai hn so vi clock. Tm bang dong co so hang toi thieu.

Hnh E.3.13
3.14 He tuan t co 2 ngo vao (X1X2) va 1 ngo ra (Z). Neu chuoi vao 00, 01, 11 xay ra, Z tr thanh
1 va gi la 1 cho en khi xay ra chuoi vao 11, 01, 00. Trong trng hp nay Z tr thanh 0 va gi
la 0 cho en khi xay ra chuoi au tien xay ra lan na (Chu y la gia tr vao cuoi cung trong 1
chuoi co the la gia tr vao th nhat cua chuoi khac). Tm bang dong co so hang toi thieu.
3.15 Vi bang dong c ban sau, tm cac trang thai toan phan tng ng va rut gon cac bang
tng ng. Hoan tat viec rut gon bang bo tron/hp nhat hang (row merger) va suy ra bang gia tr
ra tng ng cho moi bang. Cac bang dong co so hang toi thieu la duy nhat khong?
a)
X1X2
Z1 Z2
00 01 11 10
11
1
4
10
01

2
5

3
11
3
5
2
13
11
15
4
12

00

8
-10
6
14

10
11

7
6
8
3
01

8
7

3
00
11 13 10
9
01

10 12
6
13
11

11
5

3
11
12
2
4
15
01
KTS2Bai taptrang 19/24

13
14
15

8
4

10

00
10
11

b)
X1X2
Z
00 01
11
10

2
6
3
0

5
4

1
2
6
0

2
7
1
4

7
0

9
8
12
0

4
1

9
4

10
0

11
1

8
10
1

6
0
3.16 Mot loai D flipflop co xung nhp lam viec nh sau: canh xuong cua xung clock (t 1 0)
ngo ra Q gia s cung trang thai ma ngo vao D co canh len cua xung clock ( t
0 1). Ngo ra
khong thay oi bat c luc nao so vi clock. Khi D thay oi ong thi vi canh len cua clock, gia
tr D co tc thi ngay trc khi thay o se xac nh gia tr ra sau xung clock. Tm bang dong co so
hang toi thieu.
3.17 Mot J-K nhay canh khong co clock lam viec nh sau: Khi J thay oi t 0 sang 1, Q tr thanh
(gi nguyen) 1. Khi K thay oi t 0 sang 1, Q tr thanh (gi nguyen) 0. Khi J va K thay oi ong
thi t 00 sang 11, Q thay oi trang thai. Ngo ra flipflop khong thay oi khi J thay oi t 1 sang 0,
hoac K thay oi t 1 sang 0, hoac JK thay oi t 11 sang 00. Cac thay oi cua JK t 01 sang 10
hoac 10 en 01 th khong c cho phep. Tm bang dong c ban co so hang toi thieu.
3.18 Mot he tuan t khong ong bo c thiet ke e bat cac xung tren ng vao X. He co 1 ngo
vao X, 1 ngo vao reset R va 1 ngo ra Z. Neu X thay oi t 0 sang 1 hoac t 1 sang 0 trong khi R =
0 th bien ra Z thanh 1 va gi gia tr 1 cho ti khi he b reset. Nh vay neu co 1 xung ng vao
khi R = 0 , gia tr ra se la 1 e ch s xay ra cua xung. Khi R =1, Z=0. Tm bang dong co so hang
toi thieu.

Gan trang thai va cai at cac bang dong

3.19 Thc hien phep gan ung cho cac bien trang thai noi cho moi bang dong sau. Trong moi
trng hp, th 3 bien trang thai noi th u. Xac nh cac bang trang thai cuoi cung di cac trang
thai noi.
a)
b)
00 01 11 10
1
4
5
KTS2Bai taptrang 20/24

2
3
4
5

3
3

1
2

a
b
c
d
e
f

00

3
1

01

5
5
4

11
8

6
8
7

10
10
9

10
9

3.20 Tng t 3.19 cho cac bang sau:

00
a
b
c
d
e
f

X1X2
01 11
4
7

10
10
11

10

8
9

3
6
5 7
1
2

00
A
B
c
d
e
f
g
h

2
1
3
2
1

X1X2
01 11
4

6
6
7

6
5
7

10
11
10

10
10
11
11

3.21 Dung phep gan sau cho bang dong sau, tm bang dong m rong. Chu y rang mac du chuyen
trc tiep t a1 en d1 hoac d2 th khong the c, chuyen t a1 en a2 hoac d2 co the c v a1 va
a2 la cac trang thai tng ng.
00 01 11 10

a1 a2
a
c
d

b1 b2
b
a
d

c1 d1
c
d
b
a
c2 d2
d
d
b
3.22 Cai at hnh 3.2 (b) dung: a) 2 S-R flipflop va cac cong; b) Ch dung cac cong.
3.23 Thc hien phep gan trang thai ung cho moi bang sau dung dang phep gan cua hnh 3.34, va
tm bang m rong cua moi trng hp.
a)
b)
X1X2
00 01 11 10
10
a
7

b
5
9
c
8
10

d
1
4

e
1
3

KTS2Bai taptrang 21/24

a
b
c
d
e

00

3
1

X1X2
01 11
5
6
4
6

10

9
10
10

3.24 Thc hien phep gan trang thai ung cho bai
3.14
a) Cai at bang dong bang cac S-R flipflop va
cac cong.
b) Cai at bang dong ch dung cac cong (khong
noi cac cong e
tao thanh cac flipflop)
3.25 Thc hien phep gan u tien gia tr 1 (one-hot assignmetnt) cho bang bai 3.15 (a) va suy ra
cac phng trnh trang thai ke.
3.26 Hnh E.3.26 (a) minh hoa 1 phong nho co thiet lap hien th. Phong ch se gi moi lan 2
ngi. Cac khach tham co the i vao hoac ra ch qua cac ca xoay nh c ch hnh. Moi ca
xoay tao ra tn hieu 1 bat c khi nao co ngi vao. Bat c khi nao co 2 ngi trong phong, ca
quay vao b khoa e ngan khong cho vao them va cha c m khoa cho en khi 1 trong 2
ngi trong phong bat au ri i. Tat ca cac thi iem khac no khong b khoa. en phong se
ON (sang) bat c luc nao co ngi i vao hoac ri khoi phong. Thiet ke mot mach khong ong bo
cho hnh E.3.26 (b) e thc hien cac tn hieu c ch sau:
X1 = 1 neu ca xoay vao ang s dung, va X2 = 2 neu ca xoay ra ang s dung.
Z1 = 1 se lam en sang, va Z2 = 1 se khoa ca xoay vao.

Hnh E.3.26
Gia s ca 2 ngo vao khong thay oi ong thi, mac du ca 2 ngo vao co the ong thi bang 1.
1. Suy ra bang dong co so hang toi thieu (6 hang)
2. Thiet ke he dung cac cong NAND va cong ao (khong co flipflop hoac cac cong mac
theo flipflop)
3. Xac nh chuoi gia tr vao e kiem tra he.

Chng 4Hazard
4.1

Tm tat ca cac hazard tat yeu trong bang dong sau. Vi moi hazard, xac nh gia tr au cua
X1X2Q1Q2 va bien vao nao ang thay oi. Lam the nao ta co the kh hazard tat yeu xay ra bat
au b.

KTS2Bai taptrang 22/24

4.4

4.2

Vi bang dong sau, hay tm tat ca cac hazard tat yeu. Vi moi hazard, xac nh trang thai on
nh ban au va bien vao nao ang thay oi. Hay giai thch lam the nao ta co the kh 1 trong
cac hazard tat yeu.

4.3

Tm tat ca cac hazard tnh trong cac he sau. Vi moi hazard, xac nh cac gia tr cua nhng
bien nao khong oi va nhng bien nao ang thay oi. Hay cho biet lam the nao kh tat ca cac
hazard nay bang cach them cac cong vao cac he ang co. (ieu nay co ngha la ta co the them
cac cong hoac cac ngo vao cua cong vao he ang co, nhng ta khong the thay oi bat c ket
noi nao trong cac he cho trc o.)

(a) Hay tm tat ca cac hazard tnh trong he sau. Vi moi hazard, xac nh cac gia tr cua cac bien
vao va bien vao nao ang thay oi khi hazard xay ra. Va cung xac nh xem th t ma cac ngo
ra cua cong phai thay oi.
(b) Co hazard ong xay ra khi ngo ra cua he thay oi t 0 sang 1. Xac nh cac gia tr cua cac bien
vao trc va sau o. Nhng gia tr ra cua cong phai thay oi theo th t nao e cho hazard nay
xay ra.

KTS2Bai taptrang 23/24

4.5

Lap lai bai tap 4.4 cho he sau:

4.6

Hay tm mot cai at khong co hazard cho moi ham sau ch s dung cac cong NOR 3 ngo vao.
a)
f(a, b, c, d) = m(0, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13)
b)
f(a, b, c, d) = m(2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13)

4.7

Hay tm tat ca cac hazard tat yeu trong bang dong hnh 24.6(b). Hay lam bat c thay oi nao
can thiet e cho ap so cua ta cho van e 25.5 khong co cac hazard.

KTS2Bai taptrang 24/24