:

zxy 
 z(x+y) 
/  xy  3mach , /  x+y 
Taylor f (x) = pn (x) + Rn+1 (x)
pn (x) = f (x0 )+f 0 (x0 )(xx0 )+

ex =

X
xn
n=0

n!

f 00 (x0 )
f (n) (x0 )
(xx0 )2 + +
(xx0 )n ,
2!
n!

=1+x+

x2 x3
+
+ x
2!
3!

ln(1 + x) =
cos x =

xn+1 = xn
(0)

(0)

p0 , p1
(i)
g(p1 ) . . .

(0)

(0)

(1)n+1

X
(1)n
n=0

n=0

xn1 f (xn ) xn f (xn1 )

f (xn ) f (xn1 )

Rn+1 (x) =

n=1

X
x3 x5
(1)n 2n+1
x
=x
+
x
sin x =
(2n + 1)!
3!
5!

Regula Falsi xn+1 =

n > 1,

f (xn )(xn xn1 )

f (xn ) f (xn1 )

f (n+1) ((x))
(xx0 )n+1
(n + 1)!

1<x1
x2 x4
+
x
2!
4!

|ek+1 |
=C
k |ek |r
lim

Newton Raphson xn+1 = xn

pn = pn

(0)

(2n)!

xn
n

x2n = 1

(pn+1 pn )2
pn+2 2pn+1 + pn

(i)

(i1)

= g(p1 ) i = 1, . . . , n p0 = {2 }(p0

= g(p0 ), p2
Steffensen

2mach (|x|+|y|)
|x+y|

f (xn )
g(xn ).
f 0 (xn )

Aitken

(i)

(i)

(i)

), p1 = g(p0 ), p2 =

4k fn = k fn+k = k fn+ k
2

n n : an n!h
 
 
 

2
f (x) f0 +
4f0 +
4 f0 + +
4n f 0 ,
1
2
n

f (x) fn


fn +

fn + (1)

x x0
h

n fn

]f [xi ,xi+1 ,...,xi+k1 ]

, f [xi , xi+1 , xi+2 , . . . , xi+m ] =
f [xi , xi+1 , . . . , xi+k ] = f [xi+1 ,xi+2 ,...,xi+k
xi+k xi
Qn
Q
(n+1)
Rn+1 (x) = i=0 (x xi ) f [xx0 x1 . . . xn ], f (x) = pn (x) + f (n+1)!() ni=0 (x xi )

m fi
hm m!

Newton pn (x) = f [x0 ]+f [x0 , x1 ](xx0 )+. . .+f [x0 , x1 , . . . xn ](xx0 )(xx1 ) (xxn1 )
Tn (x) = cos(n arccos x),

(arccos x = cos1 x) Chebyshev

Tn+1 (x) + Tn1 (x) = 2xTn (x) Chebyshev

(2i 1)
2n
[1, 1] [a, b] : x =
xi = cos

Chebyshev:|f (x)

i = 1, . . . , n. Chebyshev.
b+a
2

ba
y.
2

n+1 maxx[a,b] |f (n+1) (x)|
Pn (x)| ba
2
2n (n+1)!

Qn
P
(xxj )
Lagrange pn (x) = ni=0 Li (x)fi , Li (x) = Qnj=0,j6=i(xi xj )
j=0,j6=i
P
Hermite: p(x) = ni=0 [f (xi )Hi1 + f 0 (xi )Hi2 ],

Hi1 (x) = (1 2(x xi )L0i (xi )) L2i (x) Hi2 (x) = (x xi )L2i (x)
n

x [a, b] (a, b) :

f (2n+2) () Y
f (x) p(x) =
(x xi )2
(2n + 2)! i=0

[a, b]
kf p1 k

(b a)2 (2)
kf k ,
8

kf p2 k

(b a)3 (3)
kf k ,
96

kf p3 k

(b a)4 (4)
kf k
1296

& .
Z

x1

x0

!
Z xn
n1
X
h
(xn x0 )h2 00
h3 00
f (x)dx =
f0 + 2
fi + fn
f ()
f (x)dx = h(f0 + f1 )/2 f (),
12
2
12
x0
i=1
Z x2
h
f (x)dx (f0 + 4f1 + f2 ), 1/3 Simpson
3
x0





5

 (x2n x0 )h4 (4) 
1  b a

(4)
f () , 
|f () 1/3Simpson


80 
2
180
Z x3
3
3
f (x) dx = h(f (x0 )+3f (x1 )+3f (x2 )+f (x3 )) h5 f (4) (), 3/8Simpson
8
80
x0
R(h) = A(h/2) +

A(h/2)A(h)
2n 1

2n A(h/2)A(h)

2n 1

(n + 1)Pn+1 (x) = (2n + 1)xPn (x) nPn1 (x),

Richardson

P0 (x) = 1, P1 (x) = x Legendre

Gauss-Legendre
R1
R1
n = 0 c00 = 1 L00 dx = 1 dx = 2,
R1
R1
R1 1
R 1 xx0
1
1
n = 1 c10 = 1 L10 dx = 1 xxx
dx
=
1

c
=
L
dx
=
dx = 1
1
1
x
1
1 x1 x0
0
1
R1
R1
R1
R1
1 )(xx2 )
0 )(xx2 )
dx = 59 c21 = 1 L21 dx = 1 (x(xx
dx =
n = 2 c20 = 1 L20 dx = 1 (x(xx
0 x1 )(x0 x2 )
1 x0 )(x1 x2 )
R
R
1
1
(xx
)(xx
)
8 2
c = 1 L22 dx = 1 (x2 x00 )(x2 x1 1 ) dx = 59
9 2
B 1 = (A + uv T )1 = A1

A1 uv T A1
,
1 + v T A1 u

1 + v T A1 u 6= 0, Sherman Morrison

, Euler
yi+1 = yi +hf (ti , yi ),

h
yi+1 = yi + (f (ti , yi )+f (ti+1 , yi +hf (ti , yi ))).
2

yi+1 = yi +hf (ti+1 , yi+1 ),

h 1
yi+1 = yi + hf (ti + , (yi + yi+1 )),
2 2
f 0 (x) =
O(h 2 )

f (x+h)f (x)
h

+ O(h), f 00 (x) =

h
yi+1 = yi + (f (ti , yi ), f (ti+1 , yi+1 ))
2

f (x+h)2f (x)+f (xh)

h2

II

+ O(h 2 ), f 0 (x) =

f (x+h)f (xh)
2h