Total flux

Underflow flux

SFL

Limiting flux

Ub

CLUb

CiVi

Gravity flux

CiUb

Ci

SFL = CLVL + CLUb

Solids Flux, kg/m2 . h

CiVi + CiUb

CLVL
CL

Cu

Solids Concentration, mg/L

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: G. Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton, and H. D. Stensel. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment
and Reuse. 4th ed. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003, p. 823.

Supernatant trough
Scraper

Feed Sludge

Supernatant
Rotation

AA

PLAN

Figure by MIT OCW.

GRAVITY-TYPE SLUDGE THICKENER

Supernatant

Weir

Inlet Well
Pickets

Feed Sludge

Thickened Sludge
B

Elevation

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Reynolds, T. D., and P. A. Richards. Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental
Engineering. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company,1996, p. 631.

Schematic Diagram of a Dissolved-Air Flotation System

Float Collector

Sludge Discharge

Flotation Tank

Influent

Pressure Reducer

Air

Recycle Flow

Baffle

Effluent

Pressurizing Pump

Air-Dissoltion
Tank

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adpated from: Viessman, W., Jr., and M. J. Hammer. Water Supply and Pollution Control. 7th ed.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2005, p. 678.

Schematic Diagram of a Centrifuge Used for Sludge Thickening

Thickened Solids
Discharge Port
Differential Speed
Gear Box

Rotating Conveyor/Scroll

Rotating Bowl

Main Drive
Sheave

Centrate Discharge
Port (adjustable)
Feed Ports

Feed Solids

Cover
Centrate

Thickened Solids

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: G. Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton, and H. D. Stensel. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse.
4th ed. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003, p. 1469.

Gravabelt

Komline-Sanderson
12 Holland Av
908-234-1000
800-225-5457

Peapack, NJ 07977-0257
Fax: 908-234-9487
info@komline.com
www.komline.com

GRAVITY BELT THICKENER SCHEMATIC

Belt washwater
Plows

Flocculation well

Adjustable ramp

Filtrate
Thickened solids
hopper
Belt

Polymer
Variable orifice
inline mixer

Thickened solids pump

Belt filtrate
& washwater

Solids
Polymer injection ring

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: WEF. "Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Water Environment Federation."
Alexandria, Virginia, 2003.