Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Resourcebook 1
Resourcebook 1
Resourcebook 1
ESLInternshipFall2015
DoaneCollege
JessicaLaFrancaPeterson
Articles
1. Wallace,C.(2008).VOCABULARY:TheKeytoTeachingEnglishLanguageLearnersto
Read.
EducationDigest,
73(
9),3639.RetrievedOctober3,2015,fromJSTOR.
Summary:
ThegreatestchallengeinhibitingtheELListhelackofvocabularydevelopment.
Vocabularybreadthandvocabularydepthareofequalimportance.Vocabulary
knowledgeisanimportantcomponentofreadingcomprehension.Importantstepsto
considerwhenteachingELLsvocabulary:theuseofcognates,meaningsofbasic
words,reviewandreinforcement,directinstruction,wordlearningstrategies.
Theminimumnumberofwordsneededforextensivereadingtooccurisbetween
3,0005,000words.Ifstudentsdonothavethenecessaryvocabulary,theyshouldnot
planonhavingauthentictextreading.Studentslearningtoreadintheirfirstlanguage
typicallycometotheformalschoolsettingwithawordbaseof5,0007,000words.This
hasbeenshownnottobethecaseforELLs.
Vocabularybreadthreferstothenumberofwordsastudentknows.Whilethe
depthconsistsofallwordcharacteristicssuchas:phonemic,graphemic,morphemic,
syntactic,semantic,collocationalandphraseologicalproperties.
Teachingtheuseofcognatescanbehelpfultostudentswhosefirstlanguage
sharescognateswithEnglish.SpanishandEnglishsharemanycognates,makingfora
highpossibilityfortransfertooccur.Studentsmayevenbeabletomakeconnections
betweencognatepairsbasedontheirsoundalone.
AnotherimportantinstructionalpracticeistoteachELLsthemeaningofbasic
wordssuchas:pencil,paper,desk,chair,etc.Thesearewordsthatyouwouldnot
necessarilyhavetoteachstudentswithEnglishastheirprimarylanguage.When
teachingthistypeofvocabularyitishelpfultoprovidestudentswithpicturesorvisual
illustrations.
ItisimportanttoprovideELLswithconsistentreviewandreinforcementintheri
secondlanguage.Wallacesuggeststeachersusereadalouds,followedby
teacherdirectedlanguagedevelopmentactivities.Theseactivitiescanbeusedtobuild
languageproficiencyandreinforcethemeaningsforwords.
2. DelliCarpini,M.(2011).SuccesswithELLs:SupportingELLsBefore,During,andAfter
Reading.
TheEnglishJournal,
100
(5),108112.RetrievedOctober3,2015,from
JSTOR.
Summary:
Theteachingofreadingstrategiesisessentialingettingstudentstosuccessfully
read.Studentswhousestrategiesaregivenapurposeforreading,thusmakingthe
wholeexperiencemoremeaningfultothem.Strategiesneedtobetaughtthroughexplicit
instruction.Selfefficacyalsoplaysamajorroleindeterminingreadingsuccessbecause
itaffectsthestudentsperceptionofthemselvesasreaders.Olderstrugglingreaders
blamethemselvesfortheirinabilitytoreadcreatingacycleofavoidance,andrefusalto
engageinreading.
Explicitinstructionisutilizedwhentheteacherpurposefullyaimstoincreasenot
onlycomprehension,butthestudentsawarenessofthemetacognitiveprocessof
selectingcertainreadingstrategies.WhileELLsmayhavebeenexposedtoreading
strategies,oftentheygetoverwhelmedwhenpresentedwithreadingmaterial.They
eitherforgettousethestrategies,orareunabletotransferstrategiesfromonecontextto
theother.
Theauthorhighlightsfourspecificstrategiesthathavebeenproventobe
effectiveintheteachingofELLs.Theyinclude:AnticipationGuides,Vocabulary
SelfSelection(VSS),DirectedReadingThinkingActivity(DRTA),andGIST.The
anticipationguidecanbeusedbefore,during,andafterreading.Whenusedbefore,it
canhelptoactivatestudentspriorknowledgeandconnectitwithupcomingcontent.
Duringinstruction,itcanprovidescaffoldingandhelpstudentsdetermineapurposefor
reading.Afterreading,studentscanrevisittheirinitialresponsesandmakenew
meaning.
TheDRTAcanbeusedtopromotecriticalthinkingbyusingprediction,
verification,interpretation,andjudgement.TheVSSinvolvesstudentsreviewingthetext
tofindvocabularywordstheywouldliketolearnmoreabout.Theythenworkinsmall
groupstodefine,discuss,andtellwhythewordisimportant.Vocabularygraphic
organizerscanalsobeusedduringthistimetohelpstudentsrecordtheirthoughts.The
GISTactivityinvolvesstudentstellingthewho,what,where,when,why,andhowof
whattheyread.Theythenusethistowritea1520wordsummary.Theactivityalso
fosteredstudentswritingskillsinanonthreateningway.
3. Kamps,D.,Abbott,M.,Greenwood,C.,ArreagaMayer,C.,Wills,H.,Longstaff,J.,...
Walton,C.(2007).UseofEvidenceBased,SmallGroupReadingInstructionforEnglish
LanguageLearnersinElementaryGrades:SecondaryTierIntervention.
Learning
DisabilityQuarterly,30
(3),153168.RetrievedOctober3,2015,fromJSTOR.
Summary:
ThepopulationofELLscontinuestogrowsignificantlyeachyear.Thespecific
skillsthesestudentsneedinordertobesuccessfulincludephonemicawareness,
phonics,vocabulary,comprehension,andfluency.Forstudentswithreadingchallenges,
researchsuggeststhatinstructionshouldbeevidencebased,explicitlytaught,andthe
curriculashouldincludeascopeandsequenceofessentialreadingskills.
Directinstructionsteachesbeginningreadingwordrecognitionbyfocusingon
phonemicawareness,phonics,andvocabularyskills.Smallgroupinstructionishighly
effectiveinpromotingtheuseoftheseskills.Strategiesinclude:letteridentification,word
attack,fluency,readingvocabulary,andpassagecomprehension.
The3TiermodelandResponsetoIntervention(RTI)hasbeenproventobe
effectiveforalllearners,includingELLs.Tier1isprimaryinstructionprovidedingeneral
education.Allstudentsarepartofthistier.Anystudentwhofailstomeetthe
requirements,oracademicbenchmarks,areplacedinTier2.
Tier2consistsofsmallgroupinterventionstargetedtoincreasingcriticalreading
skills.Studentprogressismonitoredcontinuallyandevaluatedtoseeifstudentsare
meetingtherequirements.StudentswhofailtomeetareplacedinTier3.InTier3,
instructionisprovidedbyreadingorspecialeducationteachers.
ExampleLessonPlans
WritingLessonPlan:
Thisisonelessonfromaseriesoflessonplanscreatedbytheschooldistrict.Imodifieditas
necessarytomeettheneedsofmyELLs.Studentslearnedhowtoappropriatelyfindonline
resourcesandconductresearchwithapartneronspecificbiomes.EachELLwaspairedwitha
nativeEnglishspeaker.
MiniLesson:
G6.Q1.RI.3StateStandard:LA
6.2.16.2.2
LessonTitle
:NotetakingIntroduction
Objective
:StudentswilllearnhowtotakenotesusingNoodletools.
Materials:
1.
G6.U1.RI.3a
2.
G6.U1.RI.3b
3.
G6.U1.RI.3c 4.
G6.U1.RI.3d
5.
G6.U1.RI.3e 6.
G6.U1.RI3f
Teacherinformation:
Learnersmustbetaughtabouttheethicaluseofinformation.When
studentscopy,nolearningoccursbecauseinformationinnotprocessedthroughcritical
evaluation.
SeetheLPSGuidetoIntegratedInformationLiteracySkills(
GIILSGuide
)foradditional
resources.
Beforeclassdetermine:
1. Whichnotetakingstrategiesyouwouldliketoteachfromthe
GIILSGuide
(seelessons
914).Considerdiscussingthisasateam/withyourschoollibrarian.
2. Howyouwillhavestudentsrecordnotes?(
Noodletools
,notecards,otherorganizers,or
GoogleSlides).Teachersselectthemethodthatmatchestheneedsoftheclass.Contact
yourschoollibrarianformoreinformationonNoodletools.
Instruction(20+/minutes)
Engage:
1. ChallengestudentstoaccessLibGuidesontheirownorwithapartner.Project
G6.U1.RI.3a
.Partnershelpeachother.Reviewthelearningmapfromyesterday
(
G6.U1.RI.3b
).Todaywewillcontinuethe
Investigate
stageoftheStriplingModelaswe
learnstrategiestotakenotes.
Explain:
2. Conductingresearchincludesunderstandingthewordplagiarism.Plagiarismcomesfrom
theLatinword
plagiarius
meaningkidnapper.Thewordoriginatedwhenonepoetstole
(kidnapped)anotherpoetsworklongagoduringthefirstcentury1.
G6.U1.RI.3c
.
3. Share
G6.U1.RI.3d
withdefinitionsfromCommonSenseMedia2 forPlagiarism,Citation
andRespect.Discuss:Howarethesethreewordsarerelated?
4. Asyoureadinformationandtakenotes,rememberthefollowingtoavoidplagiarism:1.
Usephrasesinsteadofsentences.2.Useabulletforeachnote.3.Useyourownwords
(paraphrase).Donotcopytheauthorswordsdirectlyunlessyouusedirectquotationsand
citeyoursources.4.Citeyourresourceimmediatelyaftertakinganote.
G6.U1.RI.3e
5. Priortothislessonchooseanotetakingformat(see
GIILSGuide
#914).Explainthe
notetakingformatyouhavechosenoruseexample
G6.U1.RI3f
.Ifcompletingthisfirst
researchandinquiryprojectasaguidedexperience,considerusingthesamefour
questionsforallstudentsasshownonthisresource.
Explore/Elaborate:
6. Together,asaclass,recordsomenotesonteacherselectedbiome(suchacave,rainforest,
etc.)using
WorldBook
asasource(example:
G6.U1.RI3f
).Note:Onlinedatabaseswill
oftenprovideacitationwithinthearticle.Modelhowtocopyandpasteacitationifithas
beenprovided.
IndependentWriting
Students:
Personalwrite
Teacher:
Conferencewithstudents.
http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/write/writesite/plagiarism_tutorial/link_03.aspx
CommonSenseMedia
Linktolesson.Avideoandotherresourcestosupportthislessonareavailableonthis
link.Specificrequesttosharelinkmade81315.Awaitingareply.
2
OrganizerforResearch:
PartnerVennDiagramsandParagraphsStudentExample:
VocabularyLessonPlan:
ThefollowingisanexampleofanexplicitinstructionlessonIuseforteaching
vocabulary.Studentslearn4wordsonMondayandanother4wordsonTuesdayeveryweek.
Thislessontakesapproximately20minutestodeliver.Studentsarehighlyengagedduringthis
timetheyspendthemajorityofthetimeturningandtalkingwiththeirpartner.Afterinstruction,I
givestudentsarubrictofilloutonengagement.Beforestartingexplicitinstructionfor
vocabulary,Ihadmyschoolsinstructionalcoachcomeinanddoaminilessononwhat
engagementisandwhatitlookslike.IntherubricyouwillseeterminologysuchasNOW
studentandSLANT.ANOWstudentmeansrespondingwithin3secondsofbeinggivena
direction,sayingyes,orokay,andhavingapositiveattitude.SLANTreferstositup,lean
forward,askquestions,nodhead,andtrackthespeaker.Studentsfilledouttherubricusing
GoogleForms.Thismadeiteasyformetocollectandtrackdata.Therubriccanbefoundafter
thevocabularylessoninthisdocument.
Lookingupherewearegoingtoexpandon
vocabularyandthefirstwordis?Everyone?
ARTIFACT
Andthepartofspeech,itisaNOUN
ReadthedefinitionalltogetherANITEM
ORTOOLFROMTHEPAST
WhenIfindanobjectfromaparticulartime
periodinhistoryanotherwordforthatis?
ARTIFACT
Infactthesynonymiswhateveryone?
OBJECT
IfIfoundanoldpaperfromkindergartenit
wouldbeanartifactfromwhenIwentto
elementaryschool.Whatisiteveryone?AN
ARTIFACT
Lookinghereandreadwithmeeveryone?
WHATMIGHTBEANEXAMPLEOFAN
ARTIFACT?
Bethinkingforamomentofanartifactyou
couldfindfromwhenyouwereachild,begin
bysayingwhateveryone?
ONEEXAMPLEOFANARTIFACT,MIGHT
BE_____
MyturnfirstOnetimeIfoundanoldmedal
insideaboxinmygrandpasbasement,what
didIfindeveryone?ANARTIFACT
Iknowfromwatchingmoviesthat
archeologistoftenfindclaypotsandoldtools
intheground,whatdotheyfind,everyone?
ARTIFACTS
Withyourpartnerdecidewhoisa1andwho
isa2.Onesholduponeonyourhand,twos
holduptwoononehand,ones,twos,
twos..okay,wegotit.Firstones,then
twostellyourpartneranexampleofan
artifact,whatwillwesayeveryone?ONE
EXAMPLEOFANARTIFACTMIGHT
BE____.
Firsttheonesgo,thenthetwos,andgo.
(TEACHERWALKSROOMTOHEARAND
PRAISE)
Lookinguphereandbigvoice,sayyour
sentence(CALLSONAFEWFORGREAT
EXAMPLES)
Excellentwork.Soa(whatthestudent
shared)isanexampleofwhateveryone?
ARTIFACT
Okay,whilelookinghere,again,whatisthe
wordeveryone?ARTIFACT
AndreaditwithmeBRAINSTORMWITH
YOURPARTNERARTIFACTSTHAT
SOMEONEMIGHTFINDUNDERGROUND.
AndcontinueReadalong.COUNTTHE
NUMBEROFITEMSONYOURLIST
Okay,myturnfirstsoartifactsthat
someonemightfindunderground(Counton
fingersasyousay)claypots,anoldtool,a
vase,anarrowhead.Okaywithyour
10
partnerandcountasyougoones,sayas
manyasyoucan,artifactsthatmightbe
foundundergroundandgo(TEACHER
WALKSROOMANDGIVESPRAISE)
So,wearegoingtodoawhiparound,Iwill
beginhere,andsayanartifactthatmightbe
foundunderground?
Andyou(CALLONONE)(GOTO
NEXT)continuearoundtheroom
Okay,ournextwordiscommunal.what
wordeveryone?COMMUNAL
Itisawhateveryone?AnADJECTIVE
Andreadthedefinitionwith
meSOMETHINGTHATISCOMMUNALIS
SHAREDBYAGROUP
Soifitiscommunalitissharedbyeveryone,
anthesynonymiswhat?Everyone?
NEIGHBORHOOD
SowhenIammarriedandIsharemy
checkingaccountwithmyspouse,Icansay
wehaveacommunalcheckingaccount,ifI
makeamealfortheentirefamilyandweall
sitdowntoeattogether,Imightsayweate
whatkindofmeal?Everyone?
COMMUNAL
Ifbehindmyhomeisaparkthateveryonein
theneighborhoodsharesitisaparkthatis?
COMMUNAL
Whywouldwesaythisphotoshows
somethingthatiscommunal?Beginby
sayingwhateveryone?THISPHOTOIS
COMMUNALBECAUSE_____
Partnertwotellpartneroneandgo(WALK
ROOMANDGIVEPRAISE)
Great,nowtellusyoursentence(POINTAT
PARTNERSANDHAVETHEMSHARE
ALOUD)
11
Ournextword,oneofmyfavoritewords,is
derived.everyonewhatisit?DERIVED
Goodjobanditiswhatpartofspeech?
Everyone?VERB
Andreadthedefinition,alltogether
SOMETHINGTHATISDERIVEDIS
SOMETHINGTHATISTRACEDBACKTO
ITSORIGINORBEGINNING
SoifIwasdrinkingmyglassoforangejuice
forbreakfastthismorning,theorangejuice
wouldbederivedfromwhateveryone?
ORANGES
IfIpickedsomeapplesfromthetreesout
back,andIbakedanapplepiefordessert,
theapplepiewouldbederivedfrom?
Everyone?APPLES
ParkMiddleSchoolderivesitsnamefromthe
parknexttothebuilding.Sothenameof
Parkwaswhateveryone?DERIVEDfromthe
parknexttotheschool.
Andofcourse,thesynonymwouldbe?
ANCESTRAL
Solookingatthispicture,thisisalemonade
stand.Whatwastheirlemonadederived
from?Everyone?LEMONS
Tellyourpartnersomethingelsethatis
derivedfromsomething,beginby
sayingeveryoneA(BLANK)ISDERIVED
FROMA(BLANK).
Onesfirst,thentwosandgo...(TEACHER
WALKSANDGIVESPRAISE)
Fallsilent,andyoursentence(TEACHER
POINTSANDSTUDENTSSAYSENTENCE)
andyourturn(TEACHERPOINTSAND
STUDENTSSAYSENTENCE)
12
13
14
RubricforEngagement:
Thisrubricaccompaniestheexplicitinstructionofvocabulary.Itismeanttotrackstudents
perceivedengagement.Theyalsoengageinsettingagoaltoimprovetheirperformance.
15
MorningRoutine:
1.
Bin
2.
Homework
3.
Planner
4.
WarmUp
16
ConstructedResponseOrganizer:
17
VocabularyOrganizer:
Thisisanexampleoftheweeklyorganizerstudentsutilizeasareferenceinlearningvocabulary
words.
artifact
communal
derived
Word
Family
artifacts
commune, community
derives, derive
Definition
A human-made
object, usually from
a particular period
in history
Something that is
shared by a group
Something traced
back to its origin
Synonym
object
neighborhood
ancestral
Antonym
individual
Sentence
Analogy
indispensable :
essential ::
artifact : _______
Picture
heinous : kindhearted
perception : insight ::
::
derived : _________
communal : _______
18
Word
inscription
millennium
stationary
Word
Family
inscribe, inscribes,
inscribed
millenniums
XXXXX
Definition
Something that is
written, engraved, or
carved as a lasting
record
A period of 1,000
years
Writing paper or
envelopes
Synonym
engraving, imprint
anniversary
letterhead
Antonym
Sentence
I took out my
stationary to write
thank you notes after
the party.
phobic : frightened ::
millennium :
________
glimmer : gleam ::
stationary :
________
Analogy
Picture
threshold : gate ::
inscription :
_______
19
Word
utilize
yields
Word
Family
utilizes, utilization
yield
Definition
Synonym
use
results, harvest
Antonym
Sentence
Analogy
alliance : partnership
::
utilize :
__________
Picture
20
FactsinFive:
Thisisaweeklyactivitywedointheclassroom.Ialwaysencouragestudentstofillinasmany
boxesaspossible.Theyarenotpenalizedfornotfinishing.Wedothistowardstheendofthe
weekasareview.Itisaquick,formativewaytoassesstheiracquisitionofourvocabulary
words.
FactsinFiveUnit1Week1
Directions:Youwillhave
five
minutestowritedown
five
answersfor
five
lettersin
five
categories.
LETTERS
Common
phobias
Sarcastic
comments
youmight
maketo
someone
Examplesof
heinous
table
manners
Waystooffer
someone
consolation
duringa
difficulttime
Indispensable
itemstotake
onvacation
withyou
21
PersonalPortfolio:
Thisisapersonalportfoliomeantforstudentstouseasareflectiontool.Studentspresented
thistotheirparentsatconferences.
22
23
FrayerModel
24
ReciprocalTeaching:
25
50StrategiesforTeachingEnglishLanguageLearners:
Thisisalistofmygotostrategies.
1. ClozeReadingp.205
26
2. GISTp.250
3. GraphicOrganizersp.261
27
4. KWLChartsp.74
5. Read,Pair,Sharep.192
Howtousethinkpairshare
Decide upon the text to be read and develop the set of questions or prompts that target
key content concepts.
Describe the purpose of the strategy and provide guidelines for discussions.
Model the procedure to ensure that students understand how to use the strategy.
Monitor and support students as they work through the following:
T : (Think) Teachers begin by asking a specific question about the text. Students "think"
about what they know or have learned about the topic.
P : (Pair) Each student should be paired with another student or a small group.
S : (Share) Students share their thinking with their partner. Teachers expand the "share"
into a whole-class discussion.
28
6. SmallGroupsandPartnersp.30
Format
LearningTasks/Procedures
PairingScheme
ThinkPairShare
Groupdiscussion,litcircles,problemsolving,
reviewingofcontentmaterial.
Teacherpresentsquestionortask.Students
thinkabouttheirresponsesandthenshare
anddiscusswithpartner.
Onestrong
Englishmodel
BuddyRead
Readingofcontentmaterialchallengingtext.
Onestudentreads,theotherlistensortakes
notes.Theystopperiodicallytodiscussand
createagraphicorganizer.
Onestrong
reader
ConversationRolePlay
Orallanguagedevelopment,socialsituations,
situationalvocabulary.
Partnersroleplaysocialsituations.
Appropriatelanguageisintroducedbythe
teacherinadvanceandthepartnerspretend
tobepartofthesocialsituation.Pairsare
latercombinedintogroupsoffour.
Onestrong
Englishmodel
7. SortingActivitiesp.150
CurricularArea
DescriptionofSortingActivity
Reading
Usingsentencestripswithsentenceswrittenonthem,students
sequencethemtoformatopicsentenceandsupportingdetails.
Vocabulary
Usingwordcard,studentssortwordsintocategoriessuchas
synonyms,antonyms,etc.
Literature
Studentssortplotsummariesintogenreclassifications.Studentsmatch
maincharacterdescriptionwithliteraturetitles.
LearningStrategies Studentssequencecardswithlearningstrategystepdescriptions.
29
8. VocabularyRolePlayp.98
StepbyStep
1. Identifykeyvocabulary
2. Teachthelessonorreadthebook
3. Connectthevocabularytopastexperiences
4. Sortthewords
5. Planwaystousethewords
6. Givestudentstimetopractice
7. Performthescenes
8. Focusonmultiplemeaningwords