ANSWER

SOALAN 8
Ft mv mu unit: Ns @ kg m/s

F
b

mv mu
t

unit: N @ kg ms-2

Characteristics
Reinforced
compartment

explanation
passenger

Crumple zones
These are specific points at the
front and back portion of the car
that are made to crumple
progressively

i
ii

10

The passenger should remain

intact during a collision. It is
made of high tensile strength
steel that is able to withstand
large forces

Any logic
answer which
is involve the
impulsive force
is acceptable

Lengthen the time of collision,

hence reduces the impulsive
force on the bus.

Safety belt

Prevent passenger from

jerking forward when the bus
stop suddently

Airbag

Absorb impact by lengthen the

time of collision, reduce
impulsive force

Shatter proof windscreen.

Break into small pieces with

blunt edges, prevent injury

v u 0 15

125 m/s2
t
0.12

mv mu
ma 1500(125) 187500 N
t

The diagram below shows the condition of a car after an accident. The injuries of the
driver and the passengers depend on the impulsive force produced during accident.

(a)
What is meant by impulse and impulsive force? State the unit of
measurement for impulse
and impulsive force.
[4 marks]

(b)

Explain the design of safety features for cars based on the impulsive force
principle and inertia.
[10 marks]

(c)
In a collision test, a car of mass 1500 kg was moved at a speed of 15 m s -1
towards a rigid
obstacle. If the collision time is 0.12 s, calculate
(i)

the deceleration of the car.

[2 marks]

(ii)

the impulsive force acting on the car.

[4 marks]