Jonathon H.

Smith
GEN 100 Sec. 001
Dr. Tyler
October 16, 2015
Population & Development of England
The country of England is made up of several characteristics that differentiate it from
most other countries. Though it may contain some similarities, features such as land, energy
usage, population, agriculture & food development makes Great Britain unique by comparison.
One can also compare human rights & environmental issues to see in more detail how the
country exists and stands. Population and development of England are affected by these various
features, which these qualities intertwine to describe just how the country is distinct.
Land
England has a remarkable geography and climate. It is divided central and north by the
Pennines, a low mountain range that stretches for almost 250 miles (400km), all the way from
Birmingham north into the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border (World Atlas). While the west
side is covered with sandy beaches, the east side contains rugged cliffs and jagged rocks where
land meets sea. There is a balance in Englands land. Rolling hills turn into rippling fields and
lowlands that spread across the land. The lowest point, the Fens, is located where land is drained
for agriculture use. The Fens is four meters below the sea level. (World Atlas). The climate of
England varies, just as most places on earth. Because England is located on an extensive
coastline, climate of the land is radically affected. Rmer states in Englands climate can be
described as temperate maritime climate, because the Gulf Stream ensures mild, maritime
influenced weather (Rmer, Weather Online). This is also known as oceanic climate, holding a

relatively narrow annual temperature range (Weather Online). Rainfall and scattered
temperatures in Great Britain are extremely common; average annual rainfalls reach more than
1,600mm a year in the north, while less than 800mm in the south of England. Just as the states
in America, the coldest months are January through March. Climate and temperatures vary
constantly in the fall due to the transition from warmer to colder weather which result in
numerous thunderstorms and drastic temperature changes every day. Also, the oceanic climate
affects temperatures because England is surrounded mostly by water.
Energy
Since there is a need to adjust to unplanned temperatures, energy conservation is crucial.
There are various methods England uses to generate energy and electricity. If the different types
of energy use and the balance between them, the constant supply of resources would be depleted.
Just as other nations, including the United States, it is necessary to take responsibility for the
amount of nonrenewable natural resources used. Otherwise, they will be consumed quickly.
Some examples of the energy sources used are fossil fuels, nuclear power, renewable energy, and
various imports. Most of the UKs electricity is produced by burning fossil fuels, mainly natural
gas (47% in 2010) and coal (28%) (Energy UK). The volume of gases and coal change each
year and affect the supply and demand in England. Just as everywhere else, as supply and
demand fluctuates, so does the price of gas and fuel. Reliable but dangerous, around 16% of
electricity and power comes from nuclear reactors. Besides nonrenewable resources, England
and other countries in the United Kingdom also use several renewable energy sources. England
has an ample source of natural and clean power sources, some of these include: onshore wind,
offshore wind, small & medium wind turbines, and wave & tidal energy. Wind energy is one of
the most natural and cost-effective sources of renewable energy, especially near the windy coasts

of England. The way waves and tidal energy is created by the constant motion of the waves and
tides. It works just like a dam; water is constantly moving creating energy to sustain modern
technology (Renewable UK). In the end energy production and problems exist because of the
increasingly large population of Great Britain.
Population
The population of England is similar to that of the United States, increasing at an
unrealistic rate. The population of the UK grew to 64.1 million in mid-2013, representing a
gain of 400,600 (0.63%) over the previous year mid-2012. This growth is slightly below the
average since 2003 (Poplution Estimates). Population differs from city to city; England holds
large cities such as London, though it hosts particularly minor cities. London is the third largest
city in Europe and the twenty-second largest in world. This is related to its significant increase
in population. The world population review recorded, London is the largest city in England. In
mid-2010, the number of residents of London was calculated to be 7,825,200. Considering its
position in the heart of the UK/British Empire, it has a very desirable place to live, thus creating
a diverse population. In 2001, 90.92% of England's population was White, 4.58% Asian, 2.30%
Black, 1.31% Mixed, 0.45% Chinese and 0.44% of other ethnic group (WPR). As the vast
amount of people move into English cities and reproduce each year, Englands population will
soon be skyrocketing just as everywhere else in the world. World population review projects
England's population to reach 58.6 million by 2025. Because of this, there will need to be new
strategies to produce and distribute of agriculture commodities for this number of citizens.
Agriculture & Food Development
The climate and topography of the UK accommodates for both pastoral farming and
arable farming. This is similar to that of the United States agriculture. Pastoral farming is the

use of grass pasture for livestock rearing, usually found in the north among areas of higher
rainfall and hills. Arable farming is land that can be cultivated to grow crops, mainly located in
southern areas where the climate is drier and soils are deeper and more suitable for crop
production (UK Agriculture). The three main approaches farmers use in their farming system are
organic, conventional and integrated farming. Researches from UK farming present that,
Organic farming represents around 4% of the farmed area and is based upon the concept of
sustainability utilizing the farms own resources. Conventional farming correlates with
integrated since most of the time the two are practiced together and both involve modern
technologies and inputs. They make up most of the rest of crop farming in England (UK
Agriculture).
In the United Kingdom, mainly in England, there are a variety of products created in
agriculture. Crops that are generally created include: straw, oilseed & linseed, sugar beet, peas &
beans, fresh vegetables, plants and flowers, potatoes and other fresh fruits. Examples of
livestock maintained in England involve: cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, and products other than
meats from those animals such as eggs and milk (Rmer, Agriculture In the United Kingdom
2013).
Human Rights
In the UK and England human rights are protected by the Human Rights Act of 1988
(Citizen Advice). The Human Rights Act includes in-depth descriptions about: right to life,
liberty & security, a fair trial, to marry & start a family, peaceful property, education and the right
to participate in free elections. The act also guarantees freedom from torture, from slavery, no
punishment without law, freedom of speech, assembly & association. This is similar to that of the
United States Bill of Rights (The Human Rights Act). The European Court of Human Rights is

the court of the Council of Europe that branches off into the countries in the UK, including
England. If an English citizens rights have been violated and there was no action or remedy
taken for it, he can gain assistance and even take it to the Strasbourg court (Citizen Advice).
Environmental Issues
Environmental issues are a major problem anywhere; England has similar concerns to
most countries, but it also has various difficulties due to location, geography and population. A
study comparing Great Britains environmental issues to other countries shows key obstacles
such as: These include: future energy sources & supplies, waste management, overpopulation,
climate change, and food sources & supplies (Ipsos MORI). To sustain future energy sources,
action toward creating newer ways of energy are being made. The same goes for food sources,
technology advances will be mandatory to create enough supply to feed the increasing
population. Waste management is one of the bigger environmental issues, there is no perfect
way to fix waste problems. Three waste management performances are believed to be some of
the majority of environmental issues in England. After examination and testing over waste
reduction, reuse of materials, and recycling, it was determined that environmental values,
situational characteristics, and psychological factors all play a significant role in how people
handle environmental issues (Factors Influencing Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors).
In conclusion, the population and development of England are effected by the the various
features that describe the country. There are many environmental issues that are effected by the
land, climate, agriculture and food development. Human rights issues have remained remotely
the same over the years and are only being altered by a few major bills. Overall, these
characteristics work together to describe and improve the life of England as a whole.

References
"Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2013." Agriculture In the United Kingdom 2013.
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"Electricity Generation." Electricity Generation. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
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"Factors Influencing Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors." Factors Influencing
Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
"The Human Rights Act." The Human Rights Act. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
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"Release: Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, Mid2013 - SUPERSEDED." Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and
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Oct. 2015.
"UK Farming, Facts, Systems, Income, the Environment and Workforce." UK Agriculture. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
"What Are Human Rights?" - Citizens Advice. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
"WPR." Population. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.