Please explain on your note card

how this picture explains the

Doppler Effect and how it relates
to Shifts in light.

THE BIG BANG THEORY

States that the universe began
as a single cosmic explosion
about 15 billion years ago.

Background Radiation
Energy left over from the Big Bang
that is evenly spread out throughout the
universe.
This background radiation is one
observation that supports the Big Bang
Theory.

After the Big Bang

Gravity began to affect matter
racing in every direction.
The clumps formed into huge
clusters of matter.
These clumps became the galaxies
of the universe.

HUBBLES LAW
The farther away the galaxy,
the faster it is receding
(moving away) from the
earth.

Galaxies seem to be racing away

from the center of the Universe.
Every galaxy seems to be moving
away from Earth.
After examining the Red Shift that
appears from distant galaxies
astronomers conclude the universe
is expanding at tremendous speeds.

Expanding Universe
If the universe is expanding, then
the objects near the very edge of
the universe are the oldest objects
in the universe.
The most distant known objects in
the universe are over 12 billion
light years from the Earth

Three Pieces of Evidence

Supporting the Big Bang
The presence of Background
Radiation
The observation of the galaxies
spreading away from the center of
the universe (Red Shift)
Heat in space 3K

What Happens Next?

Astronomers feel that the Big Bang
theory leads to two possible futures
for the Universe.

Open Universe
Galaxies will continue racing
outward (continue to expand). All
of the stars will die off as the last
of their energy is released. There
will be nothing left, total
emptiness.

Closed Universe
Gravitational attraction between
the galaxies will cause the
movement away from each other to
slow and, eventually come to a
halt. The gravitational pull will
begin to pull the galaxies back to
the center of the universe.

Closed Universe cont.

All of the matter and energy will
again come close together and end
in a central area (possibly no larger
than a dime). Then another Big
Bang will occur and the formation
of the universe will begin all over
again.

Um I think we may have been

here before.

This restructuring may occur once

every 80 to 100 billion years.

Quasar