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Exai Ka a s8iK oiKoSopfipuxa, ncoq x Pa7maxf|pia, veo axf|v AvatoXi
Kax xt Pu^avxivT rrepoSo, svai f| KaGoptcrxiKT pop<pf|. Ax, ytax veo ev
kuPik ocj|ia |i(pavsxai nvxa crxsps, Ka pi^wpvo ctxt) yfj, pi 7tupa|i8
ouvSu^si xt oxpxr)xa n xtv vv|/car|. "Eva fipiKK^io a v QXoq jac
7tpiPA.A.i Ka pq 7tpoaxaxi Ka xq Kaxu0vaiq axq Svouv o pacriK
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xpa, r| noa xpx|cnpo7toi x axoixsa xqq 95 Ka xq paaucq popepq xr)q, yi
v EKppoEi oAxq xq auvav-xTasiq xou v0p(mou.
A v Ka rca^ouv Ka0opioxtK pA.o, yi xqv niPoA.T xo TtEpiExopvou x
pxtxKxoviKf)q o PaoiKq poppq Ka o a u v 8u a c jp o xouq, E pxovxai \
7tpo0X0ov Ka aXXa o xo ixE ta, no A.oKA.r|pvouv xt <pa>vi xr)q. Evai
xpnoq n xv n o o pyavcvExai acoxEpiKq xw p o q Ka p0pcvi x E^cx
piK xr|q, Evai o axCTEiq nX.xouq, pTKOuq Ka i)/ouq, a u v 8 u a a p q xc
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78

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av SEU iEp o yEvfj, gpxovxai |i xv Eva f xv XXo xpno v 8iupvouv x
Tcspxexnsv xijq, Ka v noaacpr|vaouv Kalxepa xi (poovi xc&v KaGopiaxikv popcpcov xriq. T la x ,

8ia<popxiK npix|ivo exei x epyo, v a x iv np-

ao\|/T) xov^exai x paov v mPXXovxai x nA.yia, v |iyaA.ipo s v a i

nXxoq f x nfjKoq xou, v |xsyaX,xepo p^o rta^ouv x K 0exa t x pi^0o.a>xi

Ka, jtoX 7cspiaaxpo, v Xa auv 8uovxai a p y a v iK i vxi]xa. T ta x i,
xf|v TcpxT] Ka, a noXXc, npmxcaiq KaGopiaxiKi vxncoari yi x KCppaaxiK nepiexpEvo xou pyou xfjq pxixEKxoviKfjq xf|v 8r||iioupy f) npcxri
x

vxia axoixea f xov^ovxai x 8iaycvia, v f| axyri etvai pi^vxia f

Tipoayyiai jiaq a ax Ka xpnoq |i xv tcoo mPXXexai x Eva f| x

GlXXo xapaKxripiaxiK xr|q. T ia x ax, Ka oxav Ev a i aaxT)p xekxovik

a xoixea xriq K a vxanoKpvovxai a Im o u p y iK q vyKEq, paq 8vo uv Ka
Kxi icEpiaaxEpo Kpr|.

ZripavxiK p o lo a x iv X.okX.t pcoari xfjq pxixEKXoviKfq nai^ouv K a x a p a K xripiaxiK , popcpq Ka ,eq, tio S av e^ e x ai Ka n xq aXXeq xxveq. K a
x i pvo n xq EiKaaxiKq, no ex o u v xtv Ka0o p iax iK i 0ar|, XX Ka n
axq xcov fxcov Ka xfjq K vriariq. "E x ai, s lv a i yvcoax a x Pa0i p i yo x 0 iKi
p.t|xpnoXri Kp8^i vsq S ia a x a E iq n p i aupcpcova K a sv a q (3u^ avxivq
vaq n xtv v a ^ a y i ] xcov 8o xopcbv Ka xv x a p a K x ip a xc&v K K ^r|aiaaxiKC&V hvcdv.

r id xv Pinder, p^iaxa, pxixEKxoviKi Ka |io*uaiKt exouv noXXq poixrixEq, (Saxs v unopfi v ns Kavsq xi f) pxixeKxoviKi Etvai naycopvr|
(iouaiKi Ka f| pouaiKi puaxf| pxixKxoviKi96. M Xiaxa, pAxnEi vX.oyouq vpouq v niKpaxov axf|v pxixKxoviKf| Ka axi pouaiKf|, nap x
yEyovq xi f| npcoxij xei vyKT) xv xcopo Ka f| SexEpri xv xpvo, xiv vyKT) yi auppExpa, xtv mPoXf| xo pi0po, x pX.o xo pu0(io, xf|v vxrixa xo 5\|/ouq, koiv xapaKxripiaxiK axq 8u. 'AXX noX m yvcoax Ka
auyKEKpipva pXnEi KavEi'q v auv 8xai r| pxixEKxoviKi p xiv nlaaxiK i
Ka f| ^coypacpiKi, no xpxiaiponoiovxai av auvo 8uxiKq Ka ni'ipExiKq
xfjq xxvr|q.'Av Ka yEviK 0 pnopoaE v 8exxe KavEq xi r) yA.unxiKT naii
xvni aripavxiK p^o axiv A.OKX.tpcoar| xo nEpiExopvou xfjq pxixEKxoviKfjq, 0 npnsi Ka nXi v ar|iicai xrj Siacpop no ar|picvxai a Si<popq nEpioxq Ka noxq. Tiax, vc& naii Ka0opiaxiK pXo axt 8uxiki
xxvt| i 8iaxpa Kax x MEaacova, axoq yox0iKOq Ka05piKOq vaoq, Sv
EXei yi 0pr|aKuxiKOq Xyovc, Kapi oaiaaxiKi 0ar| axf) Pu^avxivi pxiXEKxoviKi- T 1810 unops v aripEicoaEi KavEq Ka yi aXXeq noxq Ka noA.ixianoq. "Exai, evcoexei aripavxiKi 0ar| axv pxao A.X.r|viK Kapo, nou
Ka f| Sia f) pxixEKxoviKi auA.X.apPvxai av Eva nlaaxiK avoXo, 8v
xei i5iaxpi] axv ayunxiaK. Enariq. axq m aripavxiKq npoan0Eiq
79

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xo ivSiKoO kghou kxexei crinavTiK pA.o, 6 v o u n P a v si oncoq x 1810 a x q

J ip o a 7i 0i8<; xoC oivoaTteoviKo.

Akjiti, 0 (iTtopoOos v Ssxxs Kavsq, oxi f| yA.UTtxiKi e^ei ru or|(iavxiKi

0ari axiq E^coxEpiKq rticpvsisi; xo epyou xfjq p/ixsK xoviK fjq Ka f|
^cypucpiKii (.icyaiU'ixepii cxq aa)xpiKq, Ka rtA.i 8v pnope v x G)p;]0 i
a v Ka0opiaxiKf) pxi- Tiax 8v Xe jio u v npo8oi, oxq tioe; f\ yX.U7ixiKi
d v a i 'i x'/vii |.i xf|v noa ^oK^ripmvovxai o po0Gi<; xou Sr|(.uoupyo
Ka 8iepvovxai x EKcppaaxiK 7tpix|ivo xou Epyou. M e xt crujj.poA.Ti xr|q
xov^ovxai x 7tX.aoxiK xapaKxripioxiK xo Epyou, tA.ouxovxai Sicpopa
G xo iyE a xou Ka r.iri pXXfixai
|.iyaXxpii aatptivE ia | (pcovi xou. Ax 8v
80

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X apaK xrpaq no e x s i x pxixsKxoviK sp yo . Eni8fj f| t i v i k t pxixEKxovikt| 7tpoPU .E xai a v vaq covxavq pyavK jp q, no p X ia x a e x e i crv
pxpo xv ftvOpcono, f| n p o a 0f|KTi xc&v nop<pc5v xfjq yXunxiKfjq p x s x a i v xovcrsi KpipiSq a x x xapaKXTpa xou. K o v x a a x , p xf| yA.unxiKf|, o x i pvo
axf|v XX.TiviKt XX a k0e pxixEK xoviK i, v io x s x a i f| a a 0t|0 T) xfjq k vt)c n q , no s lv a i n a p a x rix ri y i xtv XokXtpcogti xou Epyou. T ta x i, o x xskxoviK K a a a x r ip ax ax iK xap aK xrip io xiK no e x e i n x v i'8io xv xa Pa_
Kxrpa xou x sp y o xf^q pxixsK xoviK fjq, n laaxiK q S iK o ap o q s p x e x a i v
v ia x a s i xtv pOpcoaT] xou, v x o v o si p ia p v a a x o ix e a xou, v Scoaei
Suvaxxrixsq axr|v m poX i vq 8iaX yo u , yEwpExpiKaiv K a pyaviK cov xncov
K a a ( ii nX.ripGXpT) ^ io n o ria ri xou (pcoxq. E x a i, a noXXq nspm xcaEiq,
x pXo xfjq yA.unxiKfq, xv ex o u v x i'8 i a x a x o ix e a xfjq pxixsK xoviK fiq:
Kovsq, KiovKpava, nK pava, ncoq K a o v x rip 8sq, o x t yo x 0 iKT p x ix s KxoviKi, A-sOspsq t naxsyE q K a o vEupcasiq <jx acoxepiK. n p u n
x a x o ix s a , x n o a vf|KOUv axTv 8 i a xrjv pxtxsK xoviK t K a S v o u v Ka
nXaaxtKq ^ sq t xov^ouv 8i<popa xapaK xr|piaxiK xou e p yo u , x pEyXa
yXunxiK avoA.a, x n o ta x p T iaip o n o io v x ai a noXXc, n ep i S o u q 8v npXSi p (p iP o la xi n p o o 0xouv K a aXXeq 8ia a x a iq o x tv KcppaaxiKT xr|q
yX aaa. "AXXcaxe, 8v I s n o u v K a x n a p a 8s y p a x a , o x n o a n o x s^ o u v
Ka Ka0a p X.eixoupyiK xrjq c tto ix s o , ncoq n o 8siK vouv o K apuxiSE q Ka
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0sat| xo Kova.

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npi8ouq, KaOopiaxiK pXo oxf|v 1 o k X.i p<oar| xfjq tpcovfjq xfjq pxixeKxoviKflq.

K a veo p xi yX.unxiKfj xov^Exai npicroxpo f) ccopaxiKxrixa xou p-

you xf|q pxixEKxoviKfjq,

xt

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rta x i, x i pvo f| ^coypacpiKT e x s i KaOopiaxiKT 0ctt|ax aanspiK xou Epyou

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xq nvEupaxiKq SiaaxoEiq xou, ncoq Ka xfjq noxfjq xou. M xf| ^coypacpiKt,

f| pxixsKxoviKT pnops v nX/r|aiai aacpaxspa Ka Kpr| v p tlic fE i y i
nEpiaaxEpa npypaxa ax 0axT. K i veo f) yXunxiKf| p n o p s v ppe 0ot| a
va piKp piOp pycov xfjq pxixsKxoviKfjq, x va, x vKxopo, xv xcpo
xf|v 7tX.ooia 8 icoxikt KaxoiKa,

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q napaxaari K0s 0paxoq Ka cbq 8iaKoapr|xiKT

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piKpq ipoprixq nvaKaq,

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81
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tt |iiKpr (pxcoxvKi KaxoiKa Ka n xv nXoaio KaOeSpiK va ax xaneiv
napKKX.i<Ji p x '8ia noiE lapaia Ka xq Sieq 8uvaxxT|Xq, v viaxaei
x xapaKxipa xoO epyou xfjq pxixEKxoviKfjq Ka v 6XoKA.r|pa)cTi x nepiex(iev xou. Zx va Ka x vKxopo f| ^ooypacpiKi vaX.apPvi v napoucnaei x xapaKxripa xo epyou xfjq pxixEKxoviKfjq Ka v yvei cpopaq xc&v
0pt|GKuxiK(DV nnoi0f|acov, axf| pi nepnxcari, Ka xc&v npoaavaxoA.iapc&v
xoO GuyKKpi|ivou npoawnou Ka xfjq 0ar|q xou axv Kapo, axf|v &XA.T]. M
xfj Suvaxxrixa no xei v 8vei xf|v i(/Eu8aa0T|aT| xfjq npaypaiiKxTixaq,
KaxopOc&vei v mpXei K a Ka0ap xEKxoviK axoixea ax epyo xfjq pxixEKXoviKfjq, nooq, xav 8iaxepa axf|v nepo8o xou pnapK, p x Ccoypqnap a xfjq pocpfjq 8t)ye axv opav. M xfj ypacpiKi ouv Kovx axv
max, xav PpaKexai axv Kaxypacpo Pu^avxiv va, Xeq o neyleq
ioppq xfjq 0pT)OKeaq xou, napouai^exai p peyaXxpr| KEiaxiKxrixa oXri
f| axopa Ka oVo x acoxEpiK nepisxpevo xcv 0pr]aKuxiKC&v xou nEnoiOiascov. M xt\ ^coypa<piKi Kpr), p x aupPoIiK axoixea Ka x AAriyopiK 0paxa, xf|v napaPolf| Ka xt psxacpop, evai 8uvax v K(ppaaxov
Ka npogavaxoX-iapo Ka KaxEuOvasiq, p Wzq Siaaxaeiq, no Sv pnope
v Scoaei f) xEKxoviKrj parj xfjq pxixEKxoviKfiq K a f| acopaxiKxr|xa xfjq yXunxiKfjq. AKpiP<Sq, f| nveupaxiKxrixa xfjq oypacpiKfjq e iv a i kevti no ,r|y s xf| xpTiaiponot|af| xr|q n x Pu^avxiv Kapo, ncaq f| acopaxiKxr|xa
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pxaoo XA.r|viKo. "Exai, Kpr| Ka axijv nepoSo no f| ylunxiKTj K axxsi
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taoar| xoO xpou n x (pc&q. 'H (coypacpiKt AAcoaxE xpxiaiponoiExai, axq

8icpopq Kaxr|yopq, nol nEpiaaxEpo n xf|v pxixEKxoviKi, yiax, Kxq
n x aXXa <piX.oxxvxai m y p rjy o p a , piA.ei p peyaA.xepr| aa<pr|Via,
npoaapp^Exai m KoX.a axq ni<pvsiq Ka Ktpp^si pi n o l pyaX.xpr| K ^paK a auyKEKpipvcov npaypxcov Ka (pr|pr|pvcov 8ec&v.
r iu n x iK i, Cff>ypa(piKf| Ka 8iaK0 apr|xiK0 xn o i Evai x Por|0T)xiK a x o iX a , p x n o a X.OKA.r|pcvexai a a tp a x e p a x nEpiExpEvo xfjq pxixK xoviKfjq. T ia x , fiv Ka f| pxixEKxoviKi nox^ p i v nvxr|ar| ax-qv vyKTi
xoO vQ p no u y i a r r a a i i . n p o a x a a a , K axacpyio, xauTxpov a Evai Ka
X p o q ax v n o o popcponoiovxai Ka Xec, x o u o c rx a E iq p xf| ^<f| Ka xv
K pr| Ka p x 8ia .i. .a a .x .iq p x e K x o v iK a x o i x e a xou
t ij a te y r i K a x napO upo, xf)v n p x a K a xoq xo xou q, noPAAovxai pepiK n x x u p a K x r jp ia x iK xrjq ^ Tjq xou, l X S ie u p v o v x a i

K apo.

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82

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vaq ounnayTjq t Kncoq voixxq xoxoq, (iid oxyr| nn8t|
f n i 5pixxr| f TstpxitT| fi iovicT|ivr| Kncoq vv|/coor| Ka aXXeq A.enxonpeiq no vxanoKpvovxai o 8icpopeq vyKeq: xq KXinaxoX.oyiKq ouvGtKeq f x (ppo ktioiou xGpo, ni<*q ouyKKpi(avTiq f (priprinvr|<; neiA.fq.
M xq jiopcpq xfjq y^unxiKfq Ka xfjq coypa<piKfq, no npooavaxoX ^ovxai
oxtv pxixKxoviKT, |jpiK n ax x o xoixea xov^ovxai, aXXa nooa<pr)v^ovxai Ka oXa pat^ ouyKKpinvonoiov x xapaKXT pa xfjq ^cfjq xou
Kop.ou oxv noo vTKOuv. K o vx ox xekxovik o x o ix ea, x A-ik Ka x
KaxaoKEuaoxiK xapaKxripioxiK xou epyou ouvxeX-ov woxe x epyo xfjq
pxixeKxoviKfq v npopXXei Ka x ocoxepiK xou nepiexnevo. F iax,
ax epxovxai v npooGoouv Ka XXzc, (iop(p<;-or||j.a,x n o a PotiGov
xv 5iokxtxt| niaq Kaxoudaq ncoq Ka xv m ox piaq Qpr|oKeaq, v ^f|oei
o oiaoxiK A.0 x nepiexnevo xo epyou xfq pxixeKxoviKfjq. K a ax no
npnei v xovioxe i8iaxep a eva i, xi x pyo xfjq pxixeKxoviKfiq 5v m8p ox Geaxfi novo (i xq e^coxepiKq xou m<pvieq, o v nxiKq KaGap
^eq, XX Ka n xv xpno |i xv noo axq napouoi^ ovxai nXouxio|iveq Ka n AAa oxoixea, n x noa npoexoin^exai f| ouvvxTior| n xv
ocoxepiK xTiq x^po. K a ocoxepiKq X^poq ivai Kevoq n xv no o
Picvexai 0X0 x nepiexnevo xfjq pxixeKxoviKfjq, e lv a i f| nepioxT, f| n o a
Srm toupyexai, y i v 5coi, n oXa x xapaKxripioxiK xou, no neuGvovxai o Xeq oxeSv xq aioGf|oeiq xou vGpnou, oXeq xq ouvavxfjoeiq xou n
xv i'8io xv aux xou Ka xtv noxi xou. Exoi, Knr| Ka oxtv p x a a XXr|vikt pxixeKxoviKT nou x ocoxepiK npoop^exai nvo y i x Ge, npxei
Ka vaq &XXoq xpoq no 6 nnopooane v xv non ocoxepiK, no oxx|nax^exai n x nxep, xf|v K iovooxoixa, no nepip^Aei xv p x a o v a
no cppvei m Kovx x Geaxf| ox nepiexnevo xou ouvXou, xt <Pvt xou.
A v x p e i ^ e x a i ocoq v x o v io x e i 8ia x e p a xi x oo x (pxcox o n ix K i xo
xcopio, oo Ka n ey^ o q KaGeSpiKq vaq xfjq yoxGiKflq n p i 5ou, f) niKP1
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S ia o x o e iq xouq, x av x nA.T}oiei Kaveq ^coxepiK, XX x av x e Ka
ocoxepiK, o Xeq xq le ix o u p y e q xouq. "E xoi, vfi> 5v e lv a i 5 okoA.o v
K axaX Pei Kaveq x x ap aK xi p a vq epyou xfjq cypacpiKfjq n n i eKva
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eiKva 5v n q 8v ei x n o x a n xtv Kvr|or| no n a u e x a i, y i v x nA.r|oio o u n e ^coxepiK Ka v x yvcopoounfi ocoxpiK, 8v n aq 8 v e i x n o x a n
xq nxiKq ,ieq xou,X.X. noX. n ep io o x ep o 8v n n o p e v n aq 8coei x n o x a
n xv i'8io xv xupaKXTpa xo x ^ p o u xou, x y o q , x 7iA.xoq xou, xv x o vio n xou n o a f x^v evxao r) xcov kivcov xou, x n o x a n xtv ocoxepiKi cpcovT
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83

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Eva Ka x |i x aXXo.
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Tipv n axv ,feq, 7iipX.X.xai ct oXa x x ap a K ir| p ia x iK xfjq ^CDfjq Ka
a x cpuaiK n a p o u a i i^ e x a i he f,aip sxiK EyXcoxxo xpno K a a x fjv p x ix e k x o v ik i. "E xai, Kpr) Ka n p v n x xPlCTP xfjq vaxoXaKfjq n xfj
Su x ik t KKXr|aa, S iam ax c v o v x ai axf|v pxixEKxoviKi o SiacpopexiKq
K axeu0 v aeiq , no 0 KOAOu0f|ai f| pxixeK xoviK fj 8 na>q Ka A.rj f| ^of| a x q
So nEpioxq. M xr pExacpop xfjq SSpaq xoO Kpxouq axf|v nXr|, x p x a o
B u^vxio , no 0 v o p aax E K covaxavxivonoX ri, 0 x o vtax o v 6 X0 K a
n ep iaa x E p o o i 5ia<popq. K a v> x npfiixa x p i a x i a v i m x p v ia , nooq E vai
cpuaiK, Sv xou|i xap aK xt|p iaxiK pvr|pa xfjq pxixEKxoviKfjq, Kxq n
xq KaxaK^PEq no noxA.ov v a a u v S u a a p veKpoxacpEcov K a x Pa)V
Kpucpfjq ^axpEaq123, xf| teypevT i n ata x io x p ia x ia v iK i n s p o 5o, f| pxixsKTOv ik t Sv n o p aK p v sxai o a ia a x iK n xf|v AArjvopcpaKi n a p S o a T ], 'O
KaGopiaxiKq pxixsKxoviKq xnoq, no 0 niK paxr|asi xt]v n e p o S o axf|,
n x 312 <Sq x 527 E vai f) PaaiiViKT, x&poq A.axpeaq xcov x p ia x ia v c a v . A ia x rip o v x ai, p p a ia , oX.a x P a a iK pxixsK xoviK G paxa xfjq i|/ipr|q p x a i xrixaq, oncoq A.OKA.r|pc0r|Kav n xv pcopaK Kapo, XX f| P aaiX iK t e lv a i
x oKo5|ir||ia no E pxexai v v xip sx co n aei vsq vyKEq. Acpxr|pa xriq
E v ai xnoi no exouv SiacpopExiKi xPT crrl ax t]v A.A.t|vopcopaiKf| p x a i x r ix a i24 Ka no n p o aap p ^ o v x ai, y i v vxanoK piO ov a x q vsq auvOfjKeq.
M sp iK n x a x o ix e a xfjq PaaiX iK fjq Sv <pf|vouv icapuz p(piPoA .a o x i f|
pxixEK xoviK i, p xr|v vxiaxpo<pr| pspiKfiiv n x a x o ix s a naA.aixepcov
oKoSo|iT]|ixcv Ka xf|v rtp o a0fiKr| vcov, pxE xai v K tppaei xv v a n p o a a v ax o X iap xfjq ^cofjq. O K io v o ax o ix eq xcov pxaoov vadjv Ka xdtv voixxco v
axocov n x ^fflxspiK pexacppovxai ax acoxspiK xou oK oSoprpaxoq,
Siaxr|pxai Kncoq f| naXi S iap eaT ] xo acoxEpiKo, XX n p o ax O sx ai f|
Kyxri ax vaxoliK ppoq, xov^Exai p.oq xffiv n la y c o v Gupdjv a x v p 0r)Ka Ka mpX^Exai S ia x e p a r| Kvr|ari p xv x o v ia p xou pi]KOuq, x a i
x o u p e xv xno xfjq Spopucfjq PaaiX.iKfjq. 'H pexacpop yvcoaxmv ax o ix ec o v
a vq Oaeiq, f| n p o a 0f|Kr| AAcov Ka xo viap q ppiKd>v xapaK xripiaxiK Cv
S v o u v p aa(pf)Via xf( v a Kax0uvar|. 'H PaaiXiKi], q x<Spoq la x p s a q xfjq
v aq OpriaKEaq, Sv P a a q e x a i a x E^coxspiK, oncoq p x a io q v a q , XX
a x acoxEpiK, Sv n E p io p^exai axi^v niPoX.f| xo ^coxspiKoO XX axf|
Su vax xtjxa nopoA.fjq xo acoxEpiKoO, x n o o p Xa x a x o ix E a xou, a p 107

OptoCTTi, 5iaKCT|iTi(jr| Ka napanX-TipcnaxiK 0naxa, vacppovxai oxiv avyKTl OUVO|ilXa<; TO TtlGTOU X08K . 'O XOVIOnq XOniKOUq Ka f| KVT1CT1-I
no mPXXei n x vp0r|Ka npq x ep vxanoKpvexai o xtv vyKTi v
8cooei xtv nopea xo nioxo n xv Ilayavion ox Xpioxiavio|i, n x
OKOxSi ox <pa>q, n x v|/nna oxtv Xf|0ea. Z x tv ;cDxepiKXT|xa Ka xf|
oconaxiKxTixa, xv n^aoxiK xapaKxi pa K a ^wxepiKT mPoXf| xou pxaou
vao, i| PaodiKT navx |i x owxepiK, xtv nveunaxiKxnxa, xt
^oypacpiKT Ka xrj 8vanr| noPo^fiq xou neyXou ocoxepiKou xP<>u.'0
n?ioxoq no exei ox ^coxepiK xou pxaoq vaq Ka f| nX.ooia p0pcooT
xou exei (ixa(psp0 ox ocoxEpiK, 8v paoCexai ncoq ox oxoixea, XX
ox CwypacpiK, no exouv Ka oacpoxepa ounPoA.iK nepiexnevo. 'H 8iapeoTi K a o Koveq vioxouv xv omxepiK puG^ Ka x xapatcxTpa xou
ouvX-ou. Lxq npi8ouq no KoX.ou0ov, x va oxoixea no 0 npooxe0ov K a iSiaxepa, xoo f| nexpaori oxoq oxaupiKoq xnouq Ka oxt xpr)oi|ionorioTi xo o<paipiKo 0A.ou yi xr|v KXu\|/T| vq xexpycovou xpou
ox Kvxpo Ka &XXa orijiea, ouv5ovxai ooiaoxiK n xtv tiiPoat Ka x
veo pXo xo Xpioxiavionou. npp\.Ti(ia no exe naoxoA.f|0 i Ka xoq
P>|iaou<;125 GXoq, 0 Ppe xf|v 8aviKf| xou Xyor| ox'xpvia xo Touoxiviavo, o x tv nepo8o 8r|A.a8T no IoK^Tipcvexai Ka f| niKpxT]or| xou Xpioxiaviofio, Ka 0 nixp\|/ei v vanxuxOov Ka 8ia<popexiKo xpnoi, no
0 xpTloiiionoiriOouv o noAAq nepmxcooeiq. Trapa, xoo \i x oxf|na xo
oxaupo, XXoze xovio|ivo Ka aXXoze 8oo|ivo m xaXap, x i novo npXi t) S ia f) mPo^-T xo Ka0opioxiKo ounPA.aiou xo Xpioxiaviofio, xo
oxaupo, f| paxf| OaXeye Kaveq napouoa xou, oo Ka |i xv KEvxpiK 0A.o,
va(pop oxv opav n xv riavxoKpxopa. K i ax K^evei 0 X.0 x nepie
xnevo xfjq nepi8ou. 'H pxixeKxoviKf| xoo n x PaoiK xapaKxr|pioxiK
xi|q 000 K a n x napanX.r|pwnaxiK xr|q Gnaxa Ka xrjv SiaKo|ir|or|, ncooak, xoixoypacpa, <popT]xq nvaraq, n? Svei vav Kono no exei ov
nioxeD xou x oxaup Ka ppoKExai Kxco n xt OKnri xo riavxoK pxopa,
xfjq Flavayaq Ka xcov ycov Ka napxpcov xou. "Eva Ka0opioxiK xapaKXTipioxik no ouv8ei xt Pu^avxivf| pxixeKxoviKi, no nepiop^exai 8> ox
va o v xv PaoiK vo xno xo pu^avxivo Konou, n x^v pxaa AAr|vikt , evai nvxoxe nepiopionq ox vOpmiva nxpa Ka f) xor| yi vxT|xa
Ka pnova. Exoi, n xoq nsy^ouq vaoq coq xq niKpq KK^r|oeq x<Sv
Xtopicov, f) Pu^avxivt pxixeKxoviKf| 8v nonaKpvexai nox n x v0pcniva nxpa Ka xt^v ocoxepiKT vxr|xa xo ouvA.ou, Kxi no 8v ounPavei
n xt Suxikt KK^rioiaoxiKi pxixeKxoviKi.
Ix t Aor|, a v n^ r| o io o un e xr x p io x iav iK i pxixeK xoviK i, 8ianioxc>voune
xt ex e i o v Ka0opioxiK xno xr|q Ka au x i xt p ao iX .iK i. M A .ioxa Sc 8v
xtv y K a x a ^ e i7ie i n a p o Xyeq nepm xcooeiq Ka e i8 iK oxtv IxaX a. I x i
108

H 'Aya Zoipia zrj<;

KojvGTaviivonoAr/g

(Tfirjfia roO acozepiKoO).

pco|iaviKf| 7iepoo, xpicmaviKq vaq SiaKpvsxai yi xf|v KAxiaixrixa

xo xpou, xtv cpAxi xou, xv nepiopian xou. S (aepiKq nepmxcoEtq,
xov^ei x Kvxpo, XX axq m xapaKxripiaxiKq Siaxripe x SpojiiK xr|q
XapaKxipa, n Knoio xovian xou youq. Ilap xq 5ia<popq a napanA.r|pc(iaxiK Gnaxa Ka iSiaxepa xapaKxripioxiK, f| (3aaiX.iKf| 0 napanEvei
KaGopiaxiKT (pexT]pa yi xt uxikt vao5o|ia a
oXr] ti) 5uxiki pxixKxovikt126.S 6i(popsq Kaxriyopeq xr|q: |iOvaaxr|piaKq vaq, KaGeSpiKq vaq,
vao a xcpouq no auv5ovxai n ei5iK npoaKmnnaxa Ka youq, 8iaxr|psxai oxt pconaviKTJispoSo, xnoq xfjq PaatA.iKfjq xv noo auv8uouv
p xv axaupiK xno, xm P?n^ T1XP1!01^0710
!01!TGXou.
'AXX oaiaaxiK xnoq xfjq PacnXiKfjq nX.ouxiaivoq Ka n va axoiXea no noKaXnxouv Ka veq 5iaaxaeiq xc&v Gpr|aKuxiKc5v nenoiG^aecov
Ka xtv n apouaa Ka vcov 8uvnCv xrjq oxopiKfjq ^cofjq G 8coasi Ka yoxGiki pxixKxoviKi. Zx paaiK Gna xrjq Kvr|ariq no niP^AExai n xv
SponiK xapoKxipa xfjq PaaiX-iKfjq f| yoxGiKT xxvi] 8iupvi x npixnv xr|q n xiv n(paar| ax vj/oq. Av Eivai x n n Koq, no n xt axExiKCt
Xan'lA.T axyr| xoviXfixai axi PaaiXiKi, axi yoxGiKi n tiv npoa0TKT| niaq
oipaq n va axoixEa' ax no xov^exai Evai x yoq, n> xaii npq x
109

'H 'Aya l o f i a xfjt; Kcvazavzivojiolrg ( ^coxepiK).

neipo. AXX eivai Ka pi asip n aXXa axoixea no epxovxai v XoKXtipcaouv x 1810 nepiexpEvo, f) epcpaar) axv xoxo xfjq eiaSou p xv
peylo nvXmva Ka x p5aKa, oncoq Ka xq n^eupiKq nvXeq, f| 8ianaar| xcov
^coxepiK&v nXeupiKcov xoxoov n peyA.a napGupa Ka o vxt|p8eq, o veupcaeiq ax acoxepiK yi xr\ |ixa<pop xcov cpopxcov a ei 8iKq Gaeiq Ka
KaGopiaxiKq pXoq xo cpcoxq. M x axoixea ax, ncoq Ka |i x napaTtATipconaxiK Gpax xriq f) yox 6 iKf| pxixeKxoviKi Kax xr\ 8iaxncoar| vq
n xoq m KaXoq peX.exrixq xrjq mSicKei v 8r|pioupyiai va xpo
no v vi)\|/cvei xoq vGpcnouq nvco n KGe vGpcnivo127. M xv xovicp xo )i|/ouq, x xepaxia napGupa no xpx|aiponoiovxai p x vaXoypa<pf|paxa yi v enipA.ouv x cpcoq, x pA.o xcov kivcov Ka xa>v neaacBv
ax acoxepiK, cpavexai xi yvexai auvei 8T|if| npoanGeia v peicoGe f| n5paat| xcov KaGap xeKxoviKmv axoixeov Ka xcov KaxaaKeuaaxiKcov xapaKxrjpiaxiKMv Ka v Kep8aei KaGap aup(5oA.iK nepiexpevo x avoA.o.
Ax XAcoaxe xov^exai Ka n xv nlaaxiK Kapo xo yoxGiKo vao, no
p xv fla v x o K p x o p a Ka xoq youq pq Svouv p i epapxa xo opavo
110

T nprm o peyXo / ivrj/xeTo TfQ Avayvvrari<;, 1420-36. 'O Tpooq t ov M npooveX oK i,

a r A . Kpo tou KaOeSpiKO vaou ifjg <fiXa>pevTaq (S a n ta M a r a d e i F io r ).

111

7to 7tiPATUt o t 0euTr|. M eva n z Ka0opiaTiic xapaK TTipicuiK Ttiq

t i 8icpavr| Soni128, t p^o toO tpcDTq jx T aA.oypa<pinaTa129, eva 7tA.f)0oq n GjiaTa (i ouuPo^ik xapaKTipa Ka M.r|yopiK nepiexnevol30,
yoT0ucq vaq 8v cpaveTUi v Sp^eTai o tt) yfj, XX v Kp^eTai n t v
opav. K a 8v evai 8okoX.o v KaTaXpei Kaveq, o t i 6X.a T (ruoixea TT]q
epxovrai v 7toPXouv veq Gxal? toO vGpcnou n t 0eto, n t 7:010
px^oov k TeXeicvouv Xa111.

T/ffjfta

zfjc KaOeSpiKfjt; to

B u rg o s . 'A p y io e z 1221.

'lonaviKq

yozdiKq

dnq.

T fla/.zi nov Ayijdcov azi) Bcvezia ( ypw az 1457).

112

pu-

H Santa M ara Novella

axr (pXcopevxia. 'H npao\f/r xrq AoKfoipwOrjKe
n xv AXfxnpxi.

'O

"Ayioi;

AvSpaq

axij

Mvxoua (1470-72), epyo

xo 'AXpnpxi.

113

T acoxepiK xoD 'Ayou nxpou xrjq Ppijt; ( M i xv va avx xoov

Kaxanmox.

Mixar/ A y y e A o i Mavxpva Ka M n epvivi).

JaXxao

Bivxvi

KaiptpapXh oxr\ Pc/iri

(1515

nepnou)

xoo PatpaijXou.

epyo

I x q i'8 iq nEpiSouq, xt PconaviKf| Ka tt roxGiKi, v k u v a q e lv a i f|

m o rm a v TiK ii K a x a x a a ri xfq SuxiKfjq pxixEKxoviKfjq, K spS^ouv a r m a vtikt| Qctti Ka AAeq npoanGeiq xrjq, ncoq x n o v a a x r p i Ka rcpyoq, x

Kaxpo Ka x vKxopo, x acopi Ka f| rtX.r|. K a 8v e iv a i SokoX o v

arini(Ti Kavfiq o x 7ii a im a v x iK o iK o S op in axa xcov K ax riyo p iajv axcov,
v X o y a a x o ix s ia , v Ka %i x o v ia p v a ncoq a r r jv KK?i.T|aiaaiiKi p xlT kxovikt- "OXa vacppovxai axTv n ap o u aa xou 0eoO, f xo vxm poaconou
xou axf| y fj, Xa o uvSu^ouv xq TtpaKxiKq vyKEq xfjq i^cfjq n xf|v Ka0opiaxiK i a rifia a a xfjq KKX.T|oaq K a xfjq 0 pr|GKaq.
M xtv A va y vvricrri, e S ik a x iv 'Ix a X .a 132, f| p%ixKxoviKf| 8 v e i n
X ap aK xrip ioxiK xp n o v a K ano, no 7tonaK pvxai 7t p o o 5 uxiK n x
ruECTTiK y K X ia a n a xfjq 0 oA.oyiKfjq aK\)/r|q K a xfjq KKX.r|oaq K a m axp(pi ctxv v 0 pco7to. 'O va q , x AaxpsuxiK o iK o S n rm a . ;aKoA.ou 0 e v
Xi K a xcpa arm avxiKf| 0 ar| XX napXXr\Xa e x o u v ar|(j.avxiKi 0 ar| K a

&XXa E pya

xrjq p xix K xoviK fjq, no EKcpp^ouv vsq v y K eq , v a axpconaxa

xo nXr|0 UCTnou,

aXXeq Kaxeu 0 vcreiq

K a ^Eq xfjq cofjq. K a veo a x i Pcona-

v ik i K a xf| r o x 0 iKf| 7i p o 8 o K a 0 opiCTXiKT|

vxaytv^Exai a npiKq nEpmxcoaEiq

0 at| ^Et K a 0 fi8 piKq v a q , tco

p x v 7t p y o -K a x p o

xcpa T ta p o u a i ^ o v x a i n i a E ip 7t v a o x o ix E ia , no

xo cpEouSpxT),

8 v cprjvouv K a p i

n<piPoXa y i ctA.A.r| KaxsOuvari xfjq a x o p a q . E ^ a K o lo u G s v e x e i a rm a vxik t

0 aTi v a q , XX k o v x xou e p x s x a i v 8 ie k 8 ik t o e i n i vX oyr| 0 ari

K a f| S ig n o ria , x S-nnoxiK n y a p o , ncoq K a f| K a xo iK a xo xpaTtE^xri Ka

xo xoX nripo n ix E ip rin ax a, x v K x o p o xo xu xo 8 ickxt|, no s y iv s p x o -

^npov, f) 8 p a xfjq nXooiaq auvxE xvaq. 'AXX K a 8 io q

8 v s v a i x K axpo xo Geo xfjq PconaviKq p x ix E K x o v iK fjq , o xe
Xpoq xfjq T o x 0 iKfjq, 710 etuSicokei v k ^ S e v o e i x v v 0 poono f| v x v vui)/coi ^(0 n x v Kcrno xou, XX x o K o 5 nxina no K<pp^i n i n xq
n o M iq nXxupq xfjq (ofjq. "E xcji, nopepq, 6 X.iK, K a xa aK E u aax iK a x o ix s a
6 v y c o v io v x a i v nocpyouv x n p ayn axiK Ka xt <Pvf| xou, S ia K p v o v x a i
KpiPcbq y i tf|v n<paar| a ax. Z xo q xpnouq n xoq Tioouq f| Pu^avxivf|
K a, noX n s p ia a x E p o , f| To x 0 iKrj xxvr| npoana0ov v Kpij/ouv xq n p a y naxiKq a x a E ic xdiv xnnnxcov K a x xa p a K x rip ia x iK <ppvxoov K a <pponvcov axoixE cov, f) A v a y v v r ia r i ^ avayu p ^E i a ax. "Oncoq KpiPcoq K a f|
pxixEKxoviKT xo AAr| vop w n aK oO K an ou , vayvcop^Ei K a Sxsxai x
vxaq, K a xo
vaq

XapaKXTpa K a xt Papxrjxa xfjq n xpa q Ka Sei'xvei x Sicpopa a x o ix e a , x

n o a x P ^ a iu o n o iE , y i v x nox^Ei a x i 0A.rjcjr) xo p x ix K x o v a . "Oncoq
f| p x a a p x ix e K x o v iK i x a i K a f| vay vvr|aiaK i ycov^Exai K a K upio^EKxiK 0 pianPfi i, x a v n xf| xp x icjin o n o ria ri xmv vncov ppovxoq K a cpEponvou, n iP X lE i xq noptpq K a XoK^.r|p>vi xf|v EKcppaari xo a u v ^ o u .

115

Xa x \ieyXa e p y a x ifc p x ixeK x o viK f< ; x fjq A v a y v v ria r| < ;, n a p a x v e a

noXX 8 ia (p o p e x iK x a p a K x r ip ia x iK , v a y v c o p ^ e i K a v e q o x i 8 i a x r i p e x a i K x i n x nve|xa x f)q p x a a q p x ix e K x o v iK fq . M X ia x a , a Xeq
xq ^eyXeq n p o a n 0 e ie q 8 v e v a i S o k o X o v Siarcio T co O e o x i y v e x a i , Xo

0 | x a x a K a

K a n e p i a a x e p o , | ii a o v e i 8r|xf| n p o a n 0 e i a a u v 5 u a a | io xcov xncov x fjq

p x a i x r i x a q K a x o x p ia x ia v iK O k | io u . " E x a i, k o v x axf| oa< pf|veia K a
xf|v ^icpaaT i o x x a p a K x r ip a x o A ik o , v A .o y o pX.o e x e i K a f| x p t i a i n o n o r jc r r i x o 0X o u p e x v x o v ia n v o a u x v xpoX.X.o, xcov x^cov K a xc&v n a p a jtXr) pco(iaxiK cBv 0 en x co v . T l v x o v ia x e f| n vr|neiaK xr|xa x p n a i^ o n o io v x a i
n x p e q i n eyA .0 | i ye 0 oc; T tpo aeK xiK X a ^ e u n v e q , veo x a o x x p o v a x x ^ a
K a o 0 X.OI p x o v x a i v 8 c a o u v n eyaX x e p T i X e u 0 e p a K a KVT|crr| a x a v o -

Xo. 'H x p x | o i| i 07io i i o r ] xc&v (Ju ^ av x iv co v o cp aipiK co v G taov 7tv co n x ex p yeo v o u q x ^ p o o q n a u v n e t a (xeyciA xepo K cppaaxiK n X o x o K a 7iX .rip xr|xa x o
a u v A .o u . " E v a n x K a 0 o p ia x iK a x o i x e a x fjq n e p i S o u e v a i , x i x p a 8 v
v a X a n ( 3 v o v o a u v x e x v e q x j x e y l a p y a , XX n v u | io i p x ix K x o v e q ,
n o a x o A .o v x a i K a |i xfj 0 e c o p a K a K | ie x a H e o v x a i K a 6 ,x i e v a i yveoa x n xf|v p x a a n a p S o a r ) . T c p a, o p x ix K x o v e q 5 v e v a i nXo K a x a G K e v ja a x q , e t v a i n v e ^ a x a n o a u v S u ^ o u v x x v r ), m ax f| n r| K a xexviK f|, e -

v a i a u x v K a ^coypcpoi K a yXvnxsq K a 8 iaK oanr|x< ; K a p K e v v a c p e p 0o v v ) ia x a a v

x o M n p o u v e X X a K i, x o A e o v p 8 o v x B v x a i , x o

PacparjA., x o M ixaf|X . A y y l o u , x o T ^o A ao P o ji v o , y i v K a x a ^ p o u p e xq
K a x a K x f| a e iq xfjq p x ix e K x o v iK fiq x fjq A vayvvr|aT|<;. I x q ^ e y X e q KKXr|ae<;
x a o a x x o v ia f i v a n e p K e v x p a o iK o 8 o n f| n a x a a o K a a x S p o n iK K a a x
a x a u p o e i S f i , K a 0 o p ia x iK a x o i x e o e l v a i fj a u n ^ e x p a , f) i a o p p o n a X ikcov
K a (lopcpcSv, X.eixoupyiKC&v a x o ix e c o v K a 8 iaKoa|iT)TiKa>v napanA.r|pc|iaxikc&v x n co v . M pya a v xf|v S v x a M a p a v x i <>ipi x o M n p o u v e A A a K i

axt <E>A.copevxa oxi novo m p X A e x a i xpo X X oq, XX S r m io u p y e x a i eva

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XX Ka e v a eSoq a o p p o n a q n exa^ k o v xcbv Suvfiecov xfjq Ccofq x a x xiv
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V II. J H [ _ P Q M A N I K H F A Y T I K H

K A I TA

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H TOT0IKH T A Y nT IK H OAOKAHPQXH TOY 11EPIEXOMENOY

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213

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