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SRT 1F
Synchronous Radio
for Trunk Applications

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Contents
System overview
System configuration
Main features
Equipment management
System characteristics

Transport Network - Fixed Operators

High capacity
Regional Subnetworks

Figure 1: Transport network

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The fast-growing demand of

telecommunication services as well
as the increased network topologies
and traffic requirements have been
pushing for a new evolution of pointto-point radio systems for trunk
applications.
A cost effective compact Radio
System allowing a rapid installation
without any in-field alignment and
offering standard TMN interfaces has
been considered as the best choice to
suit these new market requirements.

The radio relay system competitive

features, such as the quick
deployment and fast network roll-out
with simple civil works as well as the
high flexibility, strongly justify a
modern telecommunications network
scenario in which radio systems and
fiber optic systems will complement
and support each other in a very
effective mixed media approach. A
combined radio fiber transport
network requires SDH radio system
designed for full compatibility with
other SDH Network Elements (fig.1)

Back up
to the Fiber

Regional/National
Radio Backbones

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System overview
SRT 1F is a digital microwave
communication system based on the
SDH specifications conforming to
international communications standards
such as ITU-T, ITU-R and ETSI.
The SRT 1F radio forms SDH
communication network in
combination with SDH-based fiber
optical transmission system. For the
operation, maintenance and
monitoring of the whole system,
a local craft terminal, element
manager and network manager are
connected on customers requirement.
The SRT 1F system processes STM-1
(155.52 Mbit/s) base band signals in
the SDH hierarchy, limiting their
bandwidths within a single radio
frequency band stipulated by ITU-R
based on a multi-level QAM
modulation technology (such as 64
or 128 QAM depending on radio
frequency spacing) (fig.2).

The base band signals are fed through

an STM-1 optical interface or STM-1
electrical interface.
In this system, N+1 radio protection
switching is implemented on the
radio side.
On the STM-1 base band side, (1+1)
multiplex section protection is also
implemented for the STM-1 optical
interface as option.
With different combinations of RF
transmit/receive units, RF branching
network unit and modulator /
demodulator units, this system can
support the full range of radio
frequency bands recommended by ITU-R
(4G, 5G, L6G, U6G, 7G, L8G, 11G, 13G)
and frequency spacing of 28 MHz,
29 MHz, 29.65 MHz and 40 MHz.
The system supports both alternated
pattern and co-channel with XPIC
equalization.

STM-1
Electrical/Optical Interface

Transceiver Unit
Optional MSP Protection
for STM-1Optical
In
Out

MOD

Tx

DEM

Rx

OPT
INT Y

Main RF Channel
Transceiver Unit

In
Out

OPT
INT X

Clock
Engineering Order wire
Wayside traffic
Operating System Support Interface
User Channel

Figure 2: Block diagram of the system

MOD

Tx

DEM

Rx

From other main channels

Supervisory, Control & Switching section

RF Branching section

Protection RF Channel

Main

SD

Local terminal

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System configuration
The SRT 1F system consists of an RF
Branching section, a Transceiver
section and a Supervisory, Control
and Switching section (SCS).
The Branching section includes an
antenna duplexer and RF transmit /
receive narrow band filters.
The Transceiver Unit integrates the
transmitter, receiver, modulation,
demodulation , STM-1 base band
signal processing, unipolar hitless
switch and auxiliary signal processing
functions.
The SCS base band integrates the
synchronous equipment management
function (SEMF), remote management
function (MCF), radio protection
switching, order wire, user channel,
radio user channel and system
synchronization functions.
Three shelf configurations are
possible:
- K-shelf configuration: all the system
sections are integrated in a single
compact shelf 1155mm high,
housing up to 8 transceiver units;
an expansion K-shelf can be
equipped also, thus allowing up to
16 transceivers in one rack.
- Multi-shelf configuration: each
system section is implemented by
a proper shelf; this configuration is
needed when double terminal E/W
in one rack is required or optical
interface with MSP is required.
- 1+1 N.E. : compact solution for max
1+1/2+0 configuration in 500mm
height.
Rack Configuration/

RF CH Allocation
Rack configurations for Alternate
Pattern (AP) and Co-Channel (CC)
operations are the following:
Maximum 7+1 complete system AP
or CC, single-polarization or
double-polarization, is configured
in half rack by using a single K-shelf
Maximum 2x(3+1) complete
system CC is configured in half rack
by using a single K-shelf,
expansible up to 2x(7+1) by adding
expansion K-shelf in the same rack
Maximum 2x(7+1) complete
system CC is configured in one rack
by using one K-shelf plus one
expansion K-shelf in the same rack
Maximum 2x(3+1) Double Terminal
E/W complete system AP is
configured in a single rack by using
Multi-shelf configuration
1+1 Not Expansible system AP or
CC, single-polarization or doublepolarization is configured in a
single sub-rack, 500mm high

Radio Protection
Switching
The maximum protection switching
(RPS) capacity is 7+1 for alternated
operation and 2x(7+1) for Co-channel
operation.
The RPS of SRT 1F system implements
a switchover between any of working
channels and protection channel.
In this configuration, a unipolar
switch (USW) inside the Transceiver
Unit activates the switchover against
propagation path fading and a bipolar
switch inside the BSW unit activates
the switchover against Transceiver
failures.
The USW has a one-bit error switching
mode to maintain circuit quality for
high speed fading in very heavy
propagation conditions.
USW switchover is unidirectional.
The bipolar switch is activated in the
event of a Transceiver failure: it is not
hitless and it is bi-directional.
The RPS ensures redundancy of the
main signals (STM-1),Way Side and
User channel (F1) signals.

TRANSCEIVERS
AND
BASEBAND

1+1 Not Expansible System

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Equipment layout

K-shelf
(up to 8 TRs)

Half Rack
Expansion K-shelf

Free space!

(up to 8 TRs more!)

K-shelf configuration
housing 16TRs in one rack

K-shelf configuration
housing 8TRs in half rack

Frequency band (GHz)

U4

ITU-R F series No.

F.382-6 F.635-4

F.1099-1 F.383-5

F.384-6 F.385-6

F.386-4 F.387-7

F.497-5

Modulation format

128

64

64

128

128

(QAM)
SRT 1F: Frequency coverage

4
64

L6
128

U6

7
128

L8

11
64

13

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Main Features
Transceiver Unit
The Transceiver Unit is an all-in-one
unit that receives the STM-1 base
band (BB) electric signals and, after
processing, it outputs the converted
signals to the antenna port via RF
Branching section at the required
Radio Frequency (fig. 3).
All the functions required for the
signal processing are enclosed in this
unit: it implements multi-level QAM
(64/128) and the corresponding
demodulation; it processes the
required SOH bytes and pointers;
it converts signals into the first IF
(70 MHz), then (via synthesizer) to
RF through the second IF (844 MHz).
The STM-1 electric signals are output
from the Transceiver to the outside
via the BSW unit inside SCS section
for N+1 RPS switchover (bipolar
switchover) in the event of
a Transceiver failure.

Moreover, to reduce random errors in

transmission paths, the MLCM error
correction method is used.
In addition to the main signals, the
Transceiver also processes the input and
output signals of the 2x2 Mbit/s Way
Side traffic (one on SOH and one on
RFCOH) and of the user channel using
the F1 byte.
These signals are accessed through
BSW unit in the same way as the
main signals.
The unipolar switch and Space Diversity
DADEing functions are implemented in
the unipolar stage to switchover from
any of working channel to protection
channel against fading. The orderwire
bytes (E1, E2), DCC, Service Channels,
MCF data, and RPS switchover data are
processed in the Supervisory, Control &
Switching section.
Additional functions of the Unit are
described below:

- TVE with DFE: 11-taps Transversal

Adaptive Time Domain Equaliser
with, 10-taps Decisional Feedback
Equaliser.
- ATPC: saves the power
consumption and reduces
interference (10dB variable).
- PM: in addition to the conventional
error Performance Monitoring,
monitoring for sending power and
receiving power is added.
- XPIC: 11-taps Transversal Equalizer
equipped in Transceiver Unit
Co-Channel.

TRANSMITTER

RECEIVER

Figure 3: Transceiver unit

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OPT MSP sub-rack

This sub-rack is only needed when
MSP protection for STM-1 optical
interface is required. It can provide
STM-1 optical interface S.1.1 or L.1.1
with MSP.

ECU2

ECU1

BSW7

MCF/Controller (SV)

HK2

OCC INTF

BSW5

HK1

BSW6

BSW4

TSU Y

BSW3

BSW2

Branching section
The Branching section is completely
accessible from the front part of the
rack.
The high compactness of the system
enables to locate the branching for
eight channels together with the
branching for SD receiver in the same
sub-rack.
It allows mixed polarization (H and V)
inside the same rack, and the choice
of frequency and polarization of
stand-by channel (fig. 6).
The system is flexible: expansion
inside the same shelf can be obtained
up to the maximum capacity without
removing the Transceiver Units
already located in the rack.
The system is scalable: up to 16
channels on both polarizations can
be mounted in the same rack by
adding the expansion K-shelf for up
to 2x(7+1) CC in one rack.

Figure 4: Supervisory, control

and switching section layout

MCF/Controller (SV)

OCC.INTF

HK

BSW 3

BSW 2

OCC.INTF

TSU X

BSW 3

HK

BSW 1

BSW 2

TSU X

MCF/Controller (SV)

BSW 1

BSW: it is the BaseBand physical

interface for STM-1 signals.
It implements a switchover in the
bipolar stage for any of Transceiver
failure. The required number
of BSWs is same as the number of
working RF channels. BSW Electrical
and BSW Optical (with SFP module
S-1.1 or L-1.1) interfaces are available.
Also mixed configuration with some
BSW Electrical and some BSW Optical
in the same terminal is possible.

TSU X

MCF/Controller: it has the

supervisory and control functions for
Transceiver Unit; manages and
controls RPS-USW and RPS BSW;
terminates the E1 and E2 order wire
bytes (EOW); terminates the DCC
line; sets security levels of operators;
manages bit error performance,
analogue monitoring and event
monitoring.

In case of Double Terminal E/W

configuration in a single rack, the SCS
is equipped with two MCF/Controller,
two TSU, up to six BSW units, up to
two Occasional Interfaces and up to
two HK units (fig. 5).

BSW1

Supervisory, Control, and

Switching section
The SCS section provides supervisory
and control function, including
alarm/event information management
and provisioning data setting.
It consists of the following units:
MCF/Controller, BSW unit and Timing
Source Unit (TSU) (fig.4).

TSU: it supplies clock signals for

system synchronization.
The SCS can have the following
optional units installed: up to two
Embedded Channel Units (ECU) for
DCC distribution; up to two
Housekeeping (HK) units for
supervisory and control of external
communication equipment by using
housekeeping bits; one redundancy
TSU; one Occasional Interface unit
(Electrical or Optical) for occasional
traffic on protection channel; and
one BSW Interface for RPS2 in
2x(N+1) CC.

Figure 5: Double Terminal Supervisory

control and switching section

Antenna Port
Main V (H)

TX

Antenna Port
Div V (H)

RX

RX SD

7
5

7
5

3
1

Antenna Port
Main H (V)

RX

7
5

3
1

TX

8
6

4
2

Figure 6: Branching logical scheme for alternated operation

RX SD

3
1

Antenna Port
Div H (V)

8
6

4
2

4
2

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Equipment Management
All SDH products in Siemens catalogue
use the same approach to
Telecommunication Management
Network (TMN) from the point of
view of hardware and software
architecture in order to have the
various network elements suitable
for integration under a common
management system.
SRT 1F management platform bases
upon the presence of the MCF /
Controller unit with the following
tasks (fig.7):
receiving and transmitting from/to
the controlled units all the
information required for system
management;
transmitting to Local Craft Terminal
(LCT) and the Element Manager
(EM) the alarms and measures
coming from the units
receiving controls / settings from
LCT / EM.
The information stored and processed
by MCF/Controller unit (configuration,
events, performance monitoring) are
made externally available in different
ways in order to allow the radio to be
considered as a Network Element of
the Network.
A powerful local control is managed
by a Windows PC as craft-terminal via
RS-232-C interface. The LCT handles
units status and configuration,
provides alarms and performance
monitoring and reports analogues
measures. In addition Security and
Inventory facilities are available.

BSW
units

Transceiver
units

MCF/Controller
unit

SCS
section

BSW
interface

LCT
To/from
exp.shelf
Interface
towards EM

OPT/MSP
shelf

Figure 7: Management architecture

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NetViewer NME Suite

The Microwave Management System
NetViewer is a versatile TMN product
for the management of PDH, SDH
and WiMAX systems, able to
supervise other vendors devices as
well through a standard SNMP
interface. An overall view of the
complete network structure and its
ability to enter down to the Network
Element details give a clear picture
of the whole network, its
configuration and events. Fault,
Configuration and Performance
management are carried out at
Network Element level; at Network
level Fault and Security configuration
are available.
Netviewer is the basic part of
Siemens offer for Network
Management oriented to microwave
networks that is represented by the
NetViewer NME Suite.
The suite is composed of a number
of modules:

NetViewer, core of the system, as

Element Manager;
SNMP Agent, a real-time
northbound interface;
TCOA (TMF CORBA Agent), a realtime northbound interface;
Path Manager module, as Network
Manager;
HP-Compaq TeMIP add-on, that
allows the integration of NetViewer
in HP OpenView TeMIP (product of
HP-Compaq).
Moreover, NetViewer can be easily
integrated both in Siemens SDH TMN
platform (TNMS) with TNMS Core
Radio add-on, and in Mobile TMN
platform (Radio Commander) in order
to offer to the operator a unique
interface for management purposes.

NetViewer
Server

ADM
SRT 1F

NetViewer
Clients 120

SRT 1F

SRT 1F

ADM

ADM

ADM

SRT 1F

SRT 1F

SRT 1F
SRT 1F

Figure 8: Example of Radio Network

10

SRT 1F

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System characteristics
RF band

4/5/U6/11 GHz (40 MHz)

U4 GHz (29 MHz)
L6/L8 GHz (29.65 MHz)
L7/U7/13 GHz (28 MHz)

Modulation

128QAM single carrier

64QAM single carrier

Capacity

Alternated

STM-1 per RF (V or H-pol.)

Co-channel

2 x STM-1 per RF (V and H-pol.)

Signal
Interface

STM-1

155.52 Mbit/s electrical

155.52 Mbit/s opt. (S-1.1)
155.52 Mbit/s opt. (L-1.1)

Transmitter

Output power
(measured at Tx output)

+29 dBm (4-8 GHz) *

+29 dBm (11 GHz)
+27 dBm (13 GHz)

Local oscillator
stability

10 ppm guaranteed (4-8 GHz)

5 ppm guaranteed (11-13 GHz)

TX side
RX side

70/844 MHz
70/844 MHz

Radio Protection
Switch

Mechanical
IF

Roll-off factor

Receiver

Threshold
Measured at
Receiver input
(dBm)

FEC

35 % (64QAM)
25 % (128QAM, 28/29/29.65 MHz)
Local oscillator
stability

10 ppm (4-8 GHz)

5 ppm (11-13 GHz)

BER at 10(-3)

64QAM MLCM
4GHz
-76.5
5GHz
-76.5
U6
-76.5
11GHz
-75.5
128QAM MLCM
U4
-74
L6,L7,U7
-74
8GHz
-74
13GHz
-71.5

Coding method

MLCM (Multi-Level Coded

Modulation)

Total bit addition

10 % for 64QAM
8.9 % for 128QAM

Adaptive
EQL

XPIC
Only for CC

(1) Frequency domain

Slope equalizer (SLP)
(2) Time domain
11-tap full digital TVE with
10-tap DFE EQL in BB
Type

11-tap full digital TVE EQL

for co-channel operation

DSC/AUX

Power
consumption

Capacity

(1) Max 7+1 AP or CC

(2) Max 2x(3+1) co-channel
in one K-shelf (half rack)
(3) Max 2x(7+1) co-channel in
one rack
Two protection CHs are activated
For V-pol and H-pol systems
Independently in 2x(N+1) CC

Method

Errorless switching
with early warning detection

SW Initiation

(1) Frame loss

(2) BER 10(-3) to 10(-7)
presettable
BER is detected before FEC
(3) Signal loss

OCC

Available
One OCC for N+1 system
Two OCC for 2x(N+1) system

Rack dimensions

2200 mm (H)
600 mm (W)
300 mm (D)

K-shelf

1155 mm (H)

Expansion K-shelf

930 mm (H)

1+1N.E.

500 mm (H)

EOW

1 CH(E1) for omnibus

1 CH(E2) for express
External telephone set

Wayside (WS)

2 CH/STM-1
1CH on SOH
1CH on RFCOH

Service channel

1 CH 64 kb/s/STM-1
Co-directional/
contra-directional
using F1 byte
- Max 2 CH per system
VF and/or 64 kb/s available
For 64 kb/s, co-directional or
contradirectional (async)
Service channels are doubled in
2x(N+1) configuration
Typical 100 W/STM-1
for 4-8 GHz
Typical 110 W/STM-1
for 11-13 GHz
(BB+modem+RF TX/RX with SDRX)
25% reduction by setting ATPC low

* +32 dBm high-power version available as option

11

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www.siemens-mobile.com

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AGC
AMP
ATPC

Automatic Gain Control

Amplifier
Automatic Transmitter Power
Control
BBC
Base Band Control
BER
Bit Error Ratio
BSW Bipolar Switch
DADE Differential Absolute Delay
Equalizer
DCC Digital Communication Channel
DEM Demodulator
DFE
Decisional Feedback Equalizer
DSC Digital Service Channel
ECU Embedded Channel Unit/
Embedded Communication Unit
EM
Element Manager
EOW Engineering Order Wire
ETSI European Telecommunication
Standard Institute
FEC
Forward Error Correction
HK
Housekeeping
IF
Intermediate Frequency
INTF Interface
ITU
International
Telecommunication Union
LCT
Local Craft Terminal
MCF Message Communication
Function
MLCM Multi Level Code Modulation
MOD Modulator
MSP Multiplex Section Protection

OCC
OPT
PDH
PM
QAM

Occasional
Optical
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
Performance Monitor
Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation
RDP
Receiver Digital Processing
RF
Radio Frequency
RFCOH Radio Frame Complementary
Over Head
RPS
Radio Protection Switching
RSL
Receive Signal Level
SCS
Supervision, Control and
Switching unit
SD
Space Diversity
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SEMF Synchronous Equipment
Management Function
STM-1 Synchronous Transfer Module
level 1
TDP
Transmission Digital Processing
TMN Telecommunication
Management Network
TSU
Timing Source Unit
TVE
Transversal Equalizer
USW Unipolar Switch
VF
Voice Frequency
WS
Wayside Signal
XPIC Cross Polarization Interference
Canceller
Siemens Mobile Communications S.p.A.
Sales Office
Viale P. e A. Pirelli, 10
20126 Milano - Italy
Phone + 39 02 243 1
C6.1 1762/1000 Siemens Mobile Communications Spa
Printed in Italy
This publication is issued to provide information only and is not to form
part of any order or contract. The products and services described herein
are subject to availability and to change without notice.