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History e Profile
History e Profile
1) Amendments:
a. 16th amendment; federal income tax
b. 17th amendment; allowed for the direct election of senators by voters
i. In the past senators had been elected by state legislatures
c. Direct Primary
i. Enabled voters to nominate their partys candidates for the
general election
d. Initiative
i. Voters proposing a law by petition
e. Referendum
i. Initiative is put on ballots for voters to pass or defeat
f. Recall
i. By petition, officials can be forced to stand for reelection
g. Womens suffrage
i. Progressives fighting for womens right to vote
ii. Wyoming: first state
h. Roosevelt
i. Favored more reforms; income tax, federal rules for stock
market, more effective control of business
Municipal Reform
1) City Manager
a. Trained manager hired to run city
b. Not a politician, could be fired
c. Small Cities
2) State Reform
a. Battling Bob LaFollett elected governor of Wisconsin in 1900
b. Progressive Measures; Direct Primary, Railroad Commission, Civil
Service, Restrictions on Lobbying
c. Wisconsin; Laboratory for Democracy TR
3) TRs domestic program; Square Deal
a. Anthracite Coal Strike; 1902
i. Workers did not receive a raise for 20 years
ii. TR brought workers and owners together peacefully
iii. Showed how federal gov. could help.
b. Coal Miners; 9 hour day and 10% raise
4) Trust Busting
a. Northern Securities Case
i. Holding company that dominated NW railroads
ii. Roosevelt sued under Sherman Anti Trust Act
iii. Wins suit
iv. Beginning of trust busting era
5) TRs Trust Busting Philosophy
a. Moved against beef, oil, tobacco
b. Eliminate Bad Trusts
6) Conservation