VDA2005 - 02012007 Specification of Surface Finish

VDA Recommendation
Geometrical Product Specifications

Engineering Drawings
Specification of Surface Texture
VDA
2005
surface texture, surface roughness, roughness, engineering drawing

drawing specification, drawing note
Contents
Page
Numerical notation according to ISO practice (see VW 01000).
The English translation is believed to be accurate.In case of discrepancies the German version shall govern.
Descriptors:
February 2007
1
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.2
4.3
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
8
Scope ..................................................................................................................................................4
Normative references..........................................................................................................................4
Terms ..................................................................................................................................................5
Basic symbol .......................................................................................................................................5
Expanded symbol................................................................................................................................5
Complete symbol.................................................................................................................................5
Surface (texture) parameter ................................................................................................................5
(Surface) parameter symbol................................................................................................................5
Specification of surface texture ...........................................................................................................6
Profile parameters ...............................................................................................................................6
Parameters based on the material ratio curve (DIN EN ISO 13565-2)...............................................6
Evaluation length ln .............................................................................................................................7
Tolerance limits for numerical values of surface parameters .............................................................7
Graphical symbols for the indication of surface texture ......................................................................7
Basic symbol for the indication of surface finish .................................................................................7
Symbol for material removal ...............................................................................................................8
Symbol, if material removal is prohibited ............................................................................................8
Complete symbol.................................................................................................................................8
Specification of requirements..............................................................................................................9
Position of the surface texture specifications on the complete symbol...............................................9
Surface texture symbols (surface parameters, positions a and b)....................................................10
Number of sampling lengths .............................................................................................................10
Illustration ..........................................................................................................................................11
Design and size of symbols ..............................................................................................................11
Arrangement of symbols on surfaces ...............................................................................................12
Collective specifications in the field provided in the drawing frame..................................................13
Requirements on depth of waviness Wt ...........................................................................................14
Surface requirements on dominant waviness ...................................................................................15
Preferred values ................................................................................................................................15
Page 1 of 32
VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E.V. (VDA)
Westendstrae 61, 60325 Frankfurt
Distribution: DOKUMENTATION KRAFTFAHRWESEN E.V. (DKF) Ulrichstrae 14, D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen
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VDA 2005: 2007-02
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.10.1
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
10
10.1
10.2
Examples of entry ............................................................................................................................. 16

Tooth flanks ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Repeated form elements .................................................................................................................. 16
Symmetrical parts ............................................................................................................................. 17
Different requirements on one surface ............................................................................................. 17
Contact surfaces ............................................................................................................................... 17
Radii, chamfers ................................................................................................................................. 18
Radii and chamfers without specific surface requirements .............................................................. 19
Multiple requirements ....................................................................................................................... 19
Production process, surface character ............................................................................................. 20
Evaluation length .............................................................................................................................. 20
Length of the evaluation length in the event of dominant waviness ................................................. 21
Specification of the surface grooves................................................................................................. 21
Specification of the machining allowance......................................................................................... 23
Simplified specification ..................................................................................................................... 23
Examples of entries for porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces ................................ 24
Surface parameter for special functions ........................................................................................... 24
Specification of transmission characteristic...................................................................................... 24
Meaning and specification of the evaluation length and the sampling length for special cases ...... 24
Appendix
Appendix A Summary tables (informative)...................................................................................................... 27
Appendix B Examples (informative) ................................................................................................................ 29
Referenced standards...................................................................................................................................... 32
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Preface
Essential points relating to the indication of surface texture were changed in the standard
DIN EN ISO 1302:2002 with respect to the preceding issue DIN ISO 1302:1993.
The new issue contains surface parameters, some of which are not common in the automotive
industry, while other, previously common parameters are no longer standardized. In addition, new
rules, which were previously not the norm, were introduced to describe exactly the nature of the
surface along with new filters. This Recommendation was developed in order to maintain the
continuity of the previous specifications and to keep the possible number of specifications for the
general case under control.
The following metrological basis applies:
The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562.
The standard evaluation length for the R profile comprises 5 sampling lengths.
The original meaning for the maximum roughness depth, Rmax, and the designation are retained
and defined in VDA 2006.
The use of the short wave filter s is not permitted unless specifically requested in the technical
product documentation.
The long wave filter c is used.
The 16% rule is not applied. The actual values must not exceed or fall below the specified
roughness values, as appropriate.
The motif parameters according to DIN EN ISO 12085 and the description of the height of surfaces
from two vertical random components using the material probability curve according to
DIN EN ISO 13565-3 are not used because there is no experience with them.
Comparison of DIN EN ISO 1302/VDA 2005
DIN EN ISO 1302
VDA 2005
Motif parameters
Not permissible
Rzmax 2,5
Rz 2,5
No longer standardized
Rmax
Rz1max 2,5
Not permissible
Rz3max 2,5
0,8x3 / Rz 2,5
Rtmax 2,5
Not permissible
16% rule
Not permissible
0,08-2,5 / Rz 6,3
Not permissible
Changes
The following changes have been made as compared to the 2002-07 issue:
The robust Gaussian regression filter according to VDA 2008 has been integrated into this
standard, the Sections 2, 4.1.1, 4.2, 10.2 as well as the examples B.9, B.10 and B.11 have
been adapted accordingly.
In VDA 2007 only one dominant form of waviness is defined, the Sections 7.5, 9.10.1 and
the examples B.11 and B.12 have been adapted accordingly. The Figures B.13 and B.14
have been added.
Section 7.3: In the Figures 15 and 16, the letter "f" has been replaced by an "a".
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1
Scope
This Recommendation describes the rules applicable for specifying surface texture in technical
product documentation (e.g. drawings, specifications, contracts, reports) within the automotive
industry by means of graphical symbols and textual indications. Its aim is to simplify the use of the
new edition of DIN EN ISO 1302 and it describes the normal case.
The surface specifications listed are recommendations. Particular requirements may necessitate
the use of other surface specifications.
The Figures given in this standard are examples to illustrate the relevant rule. They are complete
only insofar as they represent the described situation.
This Recommendation does not describe the specification of requirements for surface
imperfections, such as pores and scratches.
The rules and procedures for assessing surface texture are defined in VDA 2006.
2
Normative references
The following normative documents contain specifications that, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this VDA Recommendation. For dated references, subsequent
amendments or revisions to this publication do not apply. Users of this VDA Recommendation are
nevertheless requested to check whether it is possible to use the latest versions of the following
normative documents. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document
referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain directories of the valid international
standards.
DIN 6790-1:1980, Specification by Terms in Technical Drawings; Terms
DIN EN ISO 1302:2002, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Indication of Surface Texture
in Technical Product Documentation
DIN EN ISO 3098-2:2000, Technical Product Documentation - Lettering - Part 2: Latin Alphabet,
Numerals and Marks
DIN EN ISO 4287:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile
Method Terms, Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters
Method Rules and Procedures for the Assessment of Surface Texture
Method Metrological Characteristics of Phase Correct Filters
Method Motif Parameters
DIN EN ISO 13565-1:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile
Method Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties Part 1: Filtering and General
Measurement Conditions
Method Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties Part 2: Height Characterization Using
the Linear Material Ratio Curve
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Method Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties Part 3: Height Characterization Using
the Material Probability Curve
VDA 2006: 2003, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture:
Rules and Procedures for the Assessment of Surface Texture
Definitions and Parameters of the Dominant Waviness
"Robust Gaussian Regression Filter" Definition and Application
3
Terms
3.1
Basic symbol
Graphical symbol indicating that surface texture requirements exist, Figure 1.

3.2
Expanded symbol
Expanded basic symbol indicating that material is to be either removed or not removed in order to
obtain a required surface texture, Figures 2 and 3.
3.3
Complete symbol
Basic or expanded symbol to facilitate the indication of additional surface texture requirements,
Figure 4.
3.4
Surface (texture) parameter
Parameter expressing micro-geometrical properties of a surface.

3.5
(Surface) parameter symbol
Symbol indicating the type of surface texture parameter.

NOTE: Parameter symbols comprise letters and numerical values, e.g.: Ra 4, Rz 16, Rmax 25,
Rpk 0,6, etc.
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4
Specification of surface texture
Surface specifications should only be made if they are required for the function of the surface.
In general, the following shall apply:
as coarse as possible and no finer than necessary for the drawing note,
as fine as necessary for production (even more so if this does not cause
additional expenditure)
Surface specifications can be omitted if the normal production processes ensure that the end
condition of the surface is appropriate.
The parameter designation and the associated numerical values contain five pieces of information
that are essential for the interpretation of the requirement:
which of the three surface profiles (R, W or P) is indicated (see Section 4.1);
which characteristic of the profile is indicated;
how many sampling lengths make up the evaluation length (if this is significant, see Sections
4.2, 6.1.2, 9.10, 9.10.1 and 10.2);
how the indicated specification limits must be interpreted (see Section 4.3);
what cut off is used for measurement (see DIN EN ISO 4288).
The indication of a surface texture requirement must therefore contain both the designation of the
parameters and the numerical value of the specified limit.
4.1
Profile parameters
Profile parameters are standardized for the three surface profiles (R, W and P profiles).
Profile parameters are defined using the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562.
4.1.1
Parameters based on the material ratio curve (DIN EN ISO 13565-2)
Table 1 lists designations of parameters that relate to the linear material ratio curve. The
parameters are only defined for the R profile. Unless otherwise specified, the definition of
parameters is based on a filter process according to DIN EN ISO 13565-1. The indication of the
filter type according to VDA 2008 takes precedence and overrules the compulsory combination of
special filter procedures and Rk parameter calculation.
Table 1 Designation of parameters based on the material ratio curve according to
(DIN EN ISO 13565-2)
Parameter
Roughness profile parameters acc. to DIN EN ISO 13565-2
Filtering acc. to DIN EN ISO 13565-1 or VDA 2008
Rk
Rpk
Rvk
Mr1
Mr2
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4.2
Evaluation length ln
The surface texture requirements apply to the evaluation length.

If no indications are given for the evaluation length in the technical product documentation, e.g. in
the drawing, then the standard evaluation length applies to the R profile. This is made up of 5
sampling lengths. The length of a sampling length corresponds to the wave length limit c.
For small surfaces, it must be noted that the scanned length comprises the standard evaluation
length, the running-in length and the running-out length. As the running-in length and running-out
length correspond to c/2 or c (depending on the measuring device and on the implementation of
the filter), the scanned surface must be longer by c or 2c than the length to be evaluated (in
general 6 x c or 7 x c).
However, the robust Gaussian regression filter according to VDA 2008 does not involve filter
running-in and running-out lengths. Hence, the complete scanned length can be used for
evaluation when evaluating measurement data of a plateau-like surface using the robust Gaussian
regression filter.
If the surface to be measured is smaller than this, the number of evaluation lengths must be
indicated (see also Sections 6.1.2 und 9.10). The length of the sampling length is stipulated in
DIN EN ISO 4288:1998 in Tables 1 to 3.
For the P profile, the standard evaluation length according to DIN EN ISO 4288 has the same
length as the geometrical element to be measured. In the event that this cannot be realized e.g.
due to equipment-related reasons, the evaluation length must be indicated appropriately.
4.3
Tolerance limits for numerical values of surface parameters
In the automotive industry, the following applies:
If a value is specified for surface roughness, it

represents the highest permissible value for the
parameter (see also VDA 2006).
If a lower limit is specified, then this must be
achieved.
NOTE: The 16% rule is not applied.

5
Graphical symbols for the indication of surface texture
All the symbols indicated in DIN EN ISO 1302 are permitted. The symbol for all surfaces around a
workpiece outline shall be avoided.
5.1
Basic symbol for the indication of surface finish
The basic symbol shall consist of two straight lines of unequal lengths inclined at approximately 60
to the line representing the surface in question, as shown in Figure 1. If the basic symbol according
to Figure 1 is used alone (without additional information), this is not deemed to be a requirement.
Figure 1 Basic symbol for indication of surface texture

If the basic symbol is used with additional information (see Section 6), then no decision has yet
been made as to whether removal of material is necessary in obtaining the specified surface
(see Section 5.2) or whether removal of material is prohibited (see Section 5.3).
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5.2
Symbol for material removal
If removal of material, e.g. by machining, is required to obtain the prescribed surface, a cross bar,
as shown in Figure 2, shall be added to the basic symbol. The expanded basic symbol according to
Figure 2 alone (without additional information) is still not a requirement.
Figure 2 Expanded symbol for material removal

5.3
Symbol, if material removal is prohibited
If removal of material is not permitted to obtain the specified surface, a circle shall be added to the
basic symbol, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Expanded symbol, if removal of material is prohibited

5.4
Complete symbol
When additional requirements for surface texture characteristics have to be indicated (see
Section 6), a line as shown in Figure 4 shall be added to the longer of the two lines in the graphical
symbols illustrated in Figures 1 to 3.
a
a)
b)
c)
Any production process allowed

Material removal is required
Material removal is prohibited
Figure 4 Complete symbol
For textual indications, e.g. in reports or contracts, the following abbreviations shall be used,
bearing the following meanings:
Figure 4, Symbol a
APA (any process allowed)
Figure 4, Symbol b
MRR (material removal required)
Figure 4, Symbol c
NMR (no material removal)
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Specification of requirements
The following surface parameters are used in the automotive industry to describe surface texture:
For homogenous surfaces
(average) roughness Rz
(arithmetic) average roughness Ra (see note)
maximum roughness Rmax
overall height of waviness profile Wt
overall height of the profiles of the dominant waviness WDt
average height of the profiles of the dominant waviness WDc
overall height of the primary profile Pt

NOTE: The arithmetic average roughness Ra is the arithmetic average of the absolute amounts
from the individual roughness values within the evaluation length after the waviness has been
filtered out. One disadvantage here is that individual outliers are not taken into consideration and
the level of information provided is thus very low. Nonetheless, the arithmetic average roughness
has its legitimacy e.g. for providing surface specifications for semifinished products.
For porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces
reduced peak height Rpk
core peak-to-valley roughness Rk
reduced score depth Rvk

For special applications, it may be necessary to specify other requirements in addition to a surface
parameter and its numerical value, such as e.g. Mr1 and Mr2, sampling length, production process,
surface position and orientation, machining allowance or other roughness parameters. See
Appendices A and B for further details.
NOTE: The motif parameters according to DIN EN ISO 12085 and the description of the height of
the surface from two vertical random components using the material probability curve according to
DIN EN ISO 13565-3 are not used because there has been no experience with them.
6.1
Position of the surface texture specifications on the complete symbol
The positions of the different surface requirements on the symbol are shown in Figure 5.
a = Surface parameter and numerical value (numerical value in m)
c = Production process
b = Second surface texture requirement
(surface parameter, numerical value in m)
d = Indication of the surface grooves
e = Machining allowance (numerical value in mm)
c
a
d b
Figure 5 Positions (a to e) indicating additional requirements (designation areas on the

complete symbol)
If a third or further requirements are to be indicated under position b, the symbol must be enlarged
accordingly in the vertical direction to create space for more lines. Positions a and b move upwards
when the symbol is enlarged.
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6.1.1
Surface texture symbols (surface parameters, positions a and b)
If a value is indicated for the surface roughness and this is not marked with an L, it always
represents the highest permissible roughness value for the surface and may not be exceeded.
If there is only one surface texture requirement, then the surface parameter (e.g. Rz) and the
numerical value (e.g. 10) shall be arranged at position a in the complete symbol, see Figure 6.
a
Figure 6
If a minimum dimension is required, the surface parameter, numerical value and the letter L (lower)
shall be arranged at the position a in the complete symbol, see figure 7. The minimum dimension
must be achieved.
La
Figure 7
If two surface texture requirements are required, i.e. if an upper and lower limit are to be specified,
the maximum dimension shall be arranged at position a and the minimum dimension at position
b in the complete symbol, see figure 8.
NOTE: U (for upper) and L (for lower) shall only be positioned before the surface parameter if there
is a risk of confusion.
a
b
Figure 8
A blank space shall be left between the indicated parameter and the limit value.
6.1.2
Number of sampling lengths
If it is necessary to indicate the number of sampling lengths (in the R and W profiles) or the length
of an evaluation length (in the P profile), this shall be entered at position f as shown in Figure 9,
separated by an oblique stroke (see also Section 9.10). In the R profile and the W profile, the c
filter shall always be indicated with the number of sampling lengths.
f/a
c x f / a
P Profile
R Profile or W Profile
f = length of the evaluation length (P profile)
Number of sampling lengths (R or W profile)
Figure 9
NOTE: The wave length limit for the long wave filter c is also designated as sampling length.
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Illustration
7.1
Design and size of symbols
The size and line width of symbols is dependent on the lettering size used in the drawing to note
dimensions, see Figures 10 and 11. It is not permitted to change the symbols, e.g. mirror-image
presentation.
depending on length of specification
Figure 10
Figure 11
The lettering in field c, Figure 11, can contain upper and/or lower case letters; the height of the field
can be larger than h, in order to accommodate a range of additional specifications.
The dimensions of the symbols and additional specifications shall comply with Table 2.
Table 2
Dimensions in millimeters
h
d1
1)
Size of numbers and letters, see DIN EN ISO 3098-2
2,5
3,5
10
14
20
Line width for symbols and letters
0,25
0,35
0,5
0,7
1,4
3,5
10
14
20
28
11
15
21
30
42
60
H1
H2
1) In CAD systems the line widths closest to these values shall apply.
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7.2
Arrangement of symbols on surfaces
Symbols and lettering (same size as dimension figures) are to be arranged such that they can be
read from the bottom or from the right hand side of the drawing, with the drawing placed in the
normal reading position. The symbol points from the outside either directly to the part edge, to an
extension line used as a lengthening of the part edge or if needed, to a datum line, the arrow of
which is to point from the outside to the edge of the part or extension line, see Figure 12.
The symbols of Figures 1 to 3 can be arranged as desired; however, the lettering is to be entered
according to the above-mentioned rule.
Figure 12
In general, surface requirements shall be entered individually on all surfaces where they are
required. This also applies to opposing surfaces with the same surface texture.
In accordance with the basic principles of dimensioning, the symbol is to be entered only once for a
given surface, preferably in the view that also includes the dimensions of the surface. For rotating
parts the surface specifications are to be entered only once for each plane of a symmetrical
representation, see Figure 13.
Figure 13
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7.3
Collective specifications in the field provided in the drawing frame
By way of example, letters are assigned to the symbol for the individual surface textures in
Figures 14 to 16.
If the same specification applies to all the surfaces of a part, then only a collective specification
shall be entered in the field Surface finish (if present) or near the title block, see Figure 14.
Oberflaechenbeschaffenheit
Surface finish
VDA 2005
xx
Figure 14
If the same specification applies to most of the surfaces of a part, the collective specification shall
likewise be entered in the Surface finish field (if present) or near the title block, together with an
additional parenthesized basic symbol as shown in Figure 1, without further information.
NOTE: When using collective specifications, it can arise that small surfaces are overlooked and
cannot be measured as a result of the necessary evaluation length (for the R profile). In this case,
Pt can be measured or the surface texture can be compared visually, e.g. with surface comparison
samples.
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Symbols with surface specifications that indicate exceptions to the majority of the surface texture
shall be specified at the respective surfaces in the drawing, see Figure 15.
If the deviating surface specifications on the drawing are uncomplicated and of limited scope, the
complete surface texture may be parenthesized (see Figure 16) instead of the basic symbol
according to Figure 15.
NOTE: The letters and numbers are provided by way of example.
Surface finish
a1
VDA 2005
Surface finish
a1
VDA 2005
Figure 15
7.4
a2
Figure 16
Requirements on depth of waviness Wt
If the Wt value is specified below the roughness parameter Rz, both measuring values are valid
independently, see Figure 17.
NOTE: The waviness shall only be specified if the function demands it.
Rz 25
Wt 10
Meaning:
Rz 25 m
Wt 10 m
Figure 17
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7.5
Surface requirements on dominant waviness
There are 2 criteria for specifying the dominant waviness:
Dominant characteristics are permitted up to an upper limit value.

Dominant characteristics are permitted to a limited extent in a period length range with an
upper limit or with an upper and lower limit at the same time.
The specification in the drawing is entered as follows, without indication of the validity range:
WDc 1,6
WDt 2,5
if the upper limit value for the average height of the profile elements from the dominant waviness
profiles (WDc) must not exceed 1,6 m and the maximum height of the WD profile (WDt) must not
exceed 2,5 m. The indication of the validity range in the drawing note is preferred.
The indications in the drawing for a limited period wave range and indications as to the evaluation
length are described in Section 9.10.1.
8
Preferred values
It is economically sensible to stipulate preferred values for surface parameters, considering that no
more than one digit after the decimal comma should be allowed.
For Rz, values from the following series should be selected:
0,4
0,6
1,6
2,5
6,3
10
16
25
40
63
100
160
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9
Examples of entry
The following figures and the corresponding requirements are examples of surface texture
specifications in technical product documentation (TPD), e.g. drawings.
9.1
Tooth flanks
In order to indicate the surface texture of tooth flanks that are not shown in the drawing, the surface
specification shall be located on the reference circle, either in the section or in the view, see
Figure 18.
or
Figure 18
9.2
Repeated form elements
The surface texture of repeated form elements shall only be specified once, together with the
dimension entry, as long as confusion with similar form elements is not possible, see Figure 19.
Figure 19
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9.3
Symmetrical parts
The surface texture of clearly and obviously symmetrical parts with a symmetry axis shall only be
entered once, see Figures 20 and 21.
Figure 20
9.4
Figure 21
Different requirements on one surface
In the event of different surface textures on one surface, the area of the deviating requirement is
designated and dimensioned with a wide dash-dot line, see Figure 22.
Figure 22
9.5
Contact surfaces
In the case of contact surfaces of parts drawn in the assembled condition with identical surface
textures, the requirements are entered according to Figure 23.
Figure 23
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9.6
Radii, chamfers
The surface texture for concave radii (fillets), convex radii and chamfers shall be indicated on the
dimension line of the radius or on a special line that points to every form element, see Figure 24.
Figure 24
If the surface texture of all radii is the same, a general note with the corresponding symbol is
entered in the Surface finish field (if present) or near the title block, see figure 25. As a result, the
individual specification on the drawing is omitted.
NOTE: When specifying the surface texture for radii and chamfers, it is important to note that it is
often impossible to perform an actual measurement because the available evaluation lengths are
too short. In this case, a visual inspection, e.g. using surface comparison samples, may be
performed, see also Section 9.7.
Surface finish
Radii
VDA 2005
Figure 25
Rz 25
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9.7
Radii and chamfers without specific surface requirements
If both the surfaces adjacent to the radii or chamfers can be measured using the relevant
measuring equipment, the following rule shall apply:
Concave radii (fillets) for which no surface textures are expressly specified shall have the finish of
the smoother adjacent surface requirement, see Table 3.
Table 3
Drawing example
Design of concave
radii and chamfers
Rz 6,3
Rz 2,5
Rz 16
Rz 25
Convex radii and chamfers for which no surface textures are expressly specified shall have the
finish of the rougher adjacent surface requirement, see Table 4.
Table 4
Drawing example
Design of convex
radii and chamfers
Rz 6,3
Rz 25
Rz 25
Rz 25
If only the longer of the adjacent surfaces can be measured using the relevant measuring
equipment, the same surface specification shall apply to the adjacent radius or chamfer.
9.8
Multiple requirements
If minimum roughness information is also required on specific functional surfaces, e.g. for ensuring
the adhering capabilities of an oil film or for surfaces that are to be joined using an adhesive, then
the maximum value shall be specified on the symbol above the minimum value, see Section 6.1.1
and Figure 27. If several different roughness requirements are necessary on one surface, they
shall be positioned one under the other, see Figures 26 and 27.
Rmax 4
Rz 1,6
Figure 26
Rmax 25
Rz 16
Rz 4
Figure 27
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9.9
Production process, surface character
If a specific production process or surface character is required for individual surfaces, this shall be
noted in unabbreviated format on the extension line of the symbol. The terms refer to the final
surface condition.
Caution! The final surface condition is called, e.g. according to DIN 6790-1, lapped not lap, see
Figures 28 to 34.
If a surface with a specific surface texture must be post-treated, the area shall be identified with a
wide dash-dot line on which the process shall be entered, see Figure 35.
honed
lapped
Rz 1
Rz 1,6
Figure 28
Figure 29
polished
Rz 1,6
plunge-cut ground
Rz 6,3
Figure 30
Figure 31
30
burnished
shot-peened
twist-free
Rz 1
Rmax 6,3
Rz 25
Figure 32
9.10
Figure 33
bright
Rz 4
Figure 34
Figure 35
Evaluation length
For the P profile, the standard evaluation length according to DIN EN ISO 4288 has the same
length as the geometrical element to be measured. In the event that this cannot be realized, e.g.
due to equipment-related reasons, the evaluation length must be specified. In Figure 36, the
evaluation length is specified as 4 mm.
For the R profile, the standard evaluation length comprises 5 sampling lengths (5 x c), see also
Section 4.2. If the surface to be tested is too small, the number of sampling lengths can be reduced
and specified, see Figure 37.
4 / Pt 25
Figure 36
0,8x3/Rz 6,3
Figure 37
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9.10.1
Length of the evaluation length in the event of dominant waviness
The evaluation length is specified according to DIN EN ISO 4288, Table 2. The designer also
ensures that the wave lengths of dominant waviness lie within the evaluation zone. When
specifying a validity range, the evaluation lengths must be at least five times the period length (see
VDA 2007). The upper and lower limits of the period lengths are dependent on the function of the
surface; the minimum lower limit is 0,02 mm.
An example of a drawing specification with an upper limit value for the period length is provided in
Figure 38, while one with an upper and lower limit is illustrated in Figure 39.
1,2x5/WDc 1,6
Figure 38
9.11
0,3-1,2x5/WDc 1,6
Figure 39
Specification of the surface grooves
If a specific groove direction is required, the appropriate symbol as indicated in Table 5 shall be
added to the surface texture symbol, see Figure 40.
Whenever the groove direction cannot be clearly described by a symbol from Table 5 or if a
specific groove direction is to be excluded, this information shall be added to the production
process details, see Figure 41.
ground
Rz 16
ground
Rz 16
grooves not in
axial direction
Figure 40
Figure 41
Page 22
VDA 2005: 2007-02
Table 5 Symbols for the groove direction
Symbol
Explanation
Parallel to the plane of projection

of the view in which the symbol is
used.
groove direction
Perpendicular to the plane of

projection of the view in which the
symbol is used.
groove direction
Crossed in two oblique directions

relative to the plane of projection of
the view in which the symbol is
used.
Multi-directional
Approximately centrical relative to

the center of the surface to which
the symbol applies.
Approximately radial relative to the

center of the surface to which the
symbol applies.
Non-grooved surface, undirectional

or pitted
groove direction
NOTE: If a groove direction that is not clearly captured by a symbol is to be indicated, it shall be
described in an additional note in the drawing, see Figure 41.
Page 23
VDA 2005: 2007-02
9.12
Specification of the machining allowance
The machining allowance is generally specified only in those cases where several process stages
are illustrated in the same drawing. Machining allowances are therefore found e.g. in blankcomponent drawings of cast and forged workpieces, in which the finished workpiece is shown in
the blank-component drawing. The indication of machining allowances by a defined symbol is not
applicable to textual indications.
When the machining allowance is specified, it may occur that this requirement is the only
requirement added to the complete symbol. The machining allowance may also be specified in
conjunction with a normal surface texture requirement, see Figure 42.
turned
Figure 42
9.13
Simplified specification
If complicated entries are to be repeated or if there is insufficient space on the drawing, the basic
symbol is entered for the relevant surface with a letter and the meaning is explained near the
drawing title block, see Figure 43. Lower case letters should be used to this end, preferably from
the end of the alphabet.
ground
Surface finish
VDA 2005
)
Figure 43
Page 24
VDA 2005: 2007-02
9.14
Examples of entries for porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces
The surface parameters Rpk, Rk and Rvk are entered

in the drawing as described in Section 6, see Figure 44.
Figure 44
10
Surface parameter for special functions
For special functions, it may be necessary to deviate from the normal specifications described in
the foregoing sections and to stipulate different surface texture requirements.
In this event, Figure 45 shall be used as the basis.
NOTE: Examples for surface texture specifications, see Appendices A and B.
10.1
Specification of transmission characteristic
As a rule, a short wave filter s, in addition to the long wave filter, is not permitted according to
VDA 2006. The exception to this rule is where this is expressly specified in a drawing. In this case,
the transmission characteristic shall be specified before the parameter designation, separated by
an oblique stroke (/).
The transmission characteristic is specified in the form of the values of the filters' wave length limits
(in mm), separated by a hyphen (-). The short wave filter is given first, followed by the long wave
filter, e.g.:
MRR 0,0025-0,8 / Rz 4
in text
10.2
0,0025-0,8 / Rz 4
in drawings
Meaning and specification of the evaluation length and the sampling length for
special cases
Certain parameters are defined on the basis of the sampling length while others are defined on the
basis of the evaluation length. If the evaluation length is not specified before the parameter
designation, this means that the requirement is based on the standard evaluation length, see
Section 4.2.
If a particular evaluation length is required, e.g. 0,8x16 / Rz 6,3, this yields an evaluation length of
0,8x16 = 12,8 mm. As this evaluation length cannot be processed by all measuring equipment
particularly older models the evaluation length that comes closest to the limit value shall be set
on the device, e.g. 12,5 mm.
NOTE: In those cases where the number of sampling lengths within the evaluation length is not
defined, this must be specified.
Page 25
VDA 2005: 2007-02
b
Lower
specified
limit L
Type of filter
Transmission
characteristic
Number of
sampling
lengths
Surface
parameter
ParaProfile
meter
0,08 0,8
Rz
g
Limit value
3,3
ground
L X 0,08 - 0,8 x 3 / Rz 3,3
i
Type of
production
a)
b)
k
Direction of
surface
grooves
Production
process
Specification of the lower (L) specified limit refer to Section 6.1.1 for details
Filter type X. The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter (DIN EN ISO 11562). The
previously standardized filter was the 2 RC filter. During the transition period, it may be
appropriate for some companies to specify the filter type in the drawing. The filter type can be
specified as Gaussian or 2RC. This is not standardized, but specification of the filter
designation as suggested here is unambiguous. Other filters shall be specified.
When using the robust Gaussian regression filter acc. to VDA 2008, "FPRRG" is indicated.
c) The transmission characteristic is specified as short-wave, long-wave filter, see Section 10.1.
d) Number of sampling lengths - refer to Sections 4.2, 6.1.2, 9.10 and 10.2 for details.
e) Profile parameter refer to Section 6 for details.
f) For general purposes, the normal parameter is Rz. See Section 6.
For porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces Rk, Rpk and Rvk shall be indicated.
g) Limit value in micrometers
h) Type of production refer to Sections 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 for details.
i) Surface groove direction - refer to Section 9.11 for details.
k) Production process - refer to Section 9.9 for details.
Figure 45 - Specification of the surface texture requirements in engineering drawings for
special functions
Page 26
VDA 2005: 2007-02
Table 6 lists surface parameters for auxiliary and special functions and their meaning. Figure 45
illustrates how the different determining elements are to be indicated in the drawing.
Table 6 - Surface parameters for auxiliary and special functions
Code
Zt
Pp, Rp, Wp
Pv, Rv, Wv
Pz
Wz
Pc, Rc, Wc
Rt
Pq, Rq, Wq
Psk, Rsk, Wsk
Pku, Rku, Wku
Psm, Rsm, Wsm
Pq, Rq, Wq
Pmr, Rmr, Wmr
Pc, Rc, Wc
Mr1
Mr2
Rpq, Ppq
Rvq, Pvq
Rmq, Pmq
Pmr(c)
Rmr(c)
Wmr(c)
Parameter
Height difference
of the profile element
Defining standard
VDA 2006 and
DIN EN ISO 4287
Heigt of the largest
VDA 2006 and
profile peak
DIN EN ISO 4287
VDA 2006 and
Depth of the largest profile
trough
DIN EN ISO 4287
Average profile height
VDA 2006 and
DIN EN ISO 4287
Average depth of waviness VDA 2006 and
DIN EN ISO 4287
VDA 2006 and
Average height of the
profile elements
DIN EN ISO 4287
Overall height of the
VDA 2006 and
roughness profile
DIN EN ISO 4287
Quadratic average roughness VDA 2006 and
DIN EN ISO 4287
VDA 2006 and
Incline of the amplitude
density
DIN EN ISO 4287
Steepness of the amplitude VDA 2006 and
density
DIN EN ISO 4287
Average groove width
VDA 2006 and
DIN EN ISO 4287
VDA 2006 and
Quadratic average value
of the profile slope
DIN EN ISO 4287
Material ratio
VDA 2006 and
DIN EN ISO 4287
VDA 2006 and
Height difference between
2 intersection lines
DIN EN ISO 4287
Material ratio
VDA 2006 and
DIN EN ISO 13565-2
Material ratio
VDA 2006 and
DIN EN ISO 13565-2
Parameters for surfaces with VDA 2006 and
dual machining
DIN EN ISO 13565-3
Material ratio curve
(Abbott curve)
VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287
Explanation
Pz always equals Pt
Parameter is not suitable for
characterizing roughness
Corresponds to the standard
deviation of the amplitude density
Pmr identical to former tpa and Rmr
identical to former tpi
Surface portion at the upper limit
of the bearing roughness core profile
Surface portion at the lower limit
of the bearing roughness core profile
In the event of dual machining or
wear inspections
For measurement result
documentation;
load-bearing characteristics
Page 27
VDA 2005: 2007-02
Appendix A Summary tables (informative)

A.1
No.
Symbols with surface texture specification

Symbol
Rz 25
A.1.1
Rmax 4
A.1.2
Ra 3,2
A.1.3
Material must be removed by machining,

maximum roughness within the whole evaluation length,
R profile,
largest maximum roughness 4 m,
evaluation length comprising 5 sampling lengths
unilateral specified upper limit,
R profile,
largest average roughness 3,2 m (maximum permissible
roughness value),
0,8x3 / Rz 2,5
Rz 40
Rz 25
Machining that removes material is not permitted,

bilateral specified upper and lower limit,
R profile,
upper limit: average roughness 40 m,
lower limit: average roughness 25 m,
evaluation length comprising 5 sampling lengths,
upper and lower limit must not be exceeded or fallen below.
Pt 25
A.1.6
Machining that removes material is not permitted,

R profile,
largest average roughness 25 m
(maximum permissible roughness value),

R profile,
largest average roughness 2,5 m (maximum permissible
roughness value),
A.1.4
A.1.5
Meaning / Explanation

P profile,
profile overall height 25 m (maximum permissible value),
evaluation length is the same as the workpiece length.
(This is not economical for long lengths; in such cases the
evaluation length may have to be limited, e.g. to 8 mm.)
8 / Pt 25
Page 28
VDA 2005: 2007-02
A.2
Symbols with supplementary specifications
(These specifications can be used together with appropriate symbols from A.1).
No.
Symbol
Meaning
Production procedure, milled (see 9.9)
milled
A.2.1
A.2.2
Surface pattern: groove direction at right angles to the plane of

projection of the view (see 9.11)
Machining allowance 3 mm (see 9.12)
A.2.3
3
NOTE: The manufacturing method, the surface sample and the machining allowance are only given as
examples.
A.3
No.
Symbols for simplified drawing notes

Symbol
Meaning
A.3.1
The meaning of the symbol is specified in the drawing near the
title block (see 9.13)
A.3.2
Page 29
VDA 2005: 2007-02
Appendix B Examples (informative)

No.
B.1
Specification
Example:
Surface roughness:
-
Bilateral specification
Upper limit of the specification, Rz = 25 m
Lower limit of the specification, Rz = 6,3 m
Both: highest permissible roughness value
Standard evaluation length (5x c)
Surface grooves approximately circular around the center
point
Production process: milling
milled
0,8x5 / Rz 25
0,8x5 / Rz 6,3
c
NOTE: Given the large roughness tolerance, a variable cut off

would have to be used for measurement. As this is not
economical, the cut off is specified.
B.2
Surface roughness
excluding one:
-
on
all
individual
surfaces
Single, unilateral specification of upper limit

Rz = 6,3 m
Highest permissible roughness value
Surface groove direction, no requirement
Production process: material is removed
The individual surface with a different requirement has the

following surface roughness:
- Single, unilateral specification of upper limit
- Ra = 1,6 m
- Highest permissible roughness value
- Standard evaluation length (5x c)
- Surface groove direction, no specification
- Production process: material is removed
NOTE: Can only be specified if the standard evaluation length
can be used on all surfaces.
B.3
Surface roughness:
-
Two unilateral specified upper limits
Rz = 1,6 m
Highest permissible
roughness value
Standard evaluation
length (5x c)
Rmax = 6,3 m
Maximum roughness
Standard evaluation length
(5x c)
Surface groove direction approximately at right angles to

the plane of projection of the view
Production process: grinding
ground
Rmax 6,3
Rz 1,6
Page 30
VDA 2005: 2007-02
No.
B.4
Specification
Surface roughness:
-
B.5

Rz = 1 m
Surface groove direction, no specification
Surface treatment: nickel/chromium coating
A unilateral upper specification and a bilateral specification
Unilateral, Ra = 3,2 m
Highest permissible arithmetic average roughness
Bilateral
Specified upper limit Rz = 16 m
Specified lower limit Rz = 6,3 m
Both: Standard evaluation length (5x c) but different cut off
Surface groove direction, at right angles to the plane of
projection
Surface treatment: nickel/chromium coating
The surface texture specification and the dimensioning can be

combined by using the same extension line.
Surface roughness on the chamfer:
-
Rz = 2,5 m

Surface roughness on the side surfaces of a key groove:
B.7
Fe//Ni20pCrr
Rz 1
Surface roughness:
B.6
Example:

Rz = 6,3 m
Surface groove direction, no specification
Surface texture and dimensioning can be specified

together on an extension line or
separately on the relevant projection and dimension lines.
Common parameters for all three roughness requirements in
the example are:
- Single, unilateral specification of upper limit
- One after the other: Rz = 1,6 m; Rz = 6,3 m; Rz = 40 m
- Highest permissible roughness value
- Standard evaluation length (5x c)
- Surface groove direction, no requirement
- Production process: material is removed
Fe//Ni10bCrr
Ra 3,2
Rz 16
Rz 6,3
Page 31
VDA 2005: 2007-02
No.
B.8
B.9
Specification
Example:
Specification of surface texture, dimensioning and machining

process. The example illustrates three consecutive production
processes or stages.
1st stage:
Rz = 1,6 m

nd
2 stage:
No surface requirements, other than:
Chromium coating
3rd stage:
A single, unilateral specified upper limit, only valid for the

first 50 mm of the cylinder surface
Rz = 6,3 m
ground
Surface roughness:
The application of the robust Gaussian regression filter is

compulsory.
Specification of the upper limits for Rpk, Rk, Rvk
FPRRG /
FPRRG /
FPRRG /
Rpk 0,5
Rk 1,2
Rvk 1,5
B.10 Surface roughness:

compulsory.
Specification of the measurement conditions: c=0,8 mm,
16 sampling lengths
Specification of the upper limits for Rpk, Rk, Rvk
Specification of the lower limit for Rvk
FPRRG 0,8 x 16/Rpk 0,5

FPRRG 0,8 x 16 /Rk 1,2
FPRRG 0,8 x 16/Rvk 2
FPRRG 0,8 x 16/Rvk 0,8
B.11 Dominant waviness:

compulsory.
Dominant projections are not permitted
A unilateral specified limit for the surface roughness Rz =
1,6 m
Upper limit value for the average profile height of the

dominant waviness 1,6 m
Maximum roughness Rmax = 6,3 m
Production process: turning
ground
FPRRG
Rz 1,6
WDc 0
turned
Rmax 6,3
WDc 1,6
Page 32
VDA 2005: 2007-02
Definition of the validity range from 0,02 to 1,2 mm

Minimum evaluation length = 6,0 mm
Upper limit value for the average profile height of the
dominant waviness 1,6 m within the validity range
A unilateral specified limit for the surface roughness Rz =
6,3 m
Rz 6,3
1,2x5/WDc 1,6
Definition of the validity range from 0,3 to 1,2 mm

Minimum evaluation length = 6,0 mm
Upper limit value for the overall height of the WD
profile 2,5 m within the validity range
Maximum roughness Rmax = 6,3 m
Rmax 6,3
0,3-1,2x5/WDt 2,5
Referenced standards1
DIN EN ISO 3274:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Texture: Profile
Method - Nominal Characteristics of Contact (Stylus) Instruments
DIN EN ISO 5436-1:2000, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Texture: Profile
Method; Measurement Standards - Part 1: Material Measures
In this Section, terminological inconsistencies may occur as the original titles are used.
VDA-Recommendation
July 2002
Geometrical Product Specifications

Technical Drawings
Specification of Surface Texture

Brief Version
Descriptors:
VDA
2005
Appendix 1
surface finish, surface texture, surface roughness, roughness, technical

drawing, drawing specification, drawing entry, drawing note
Scope
This appendix describes standard cases for the specification of surface texture in technical production documentation for the automobile industry.
It is a summary of VDA 2005.
2
Basis
2.1
General principles
Surface specifications should only be made if they are required for the function of the surface.
In general, the following shall apply:
- as coarse as possible and no finer than necessary for the drawing entry,
- as fine as necessary for production
(even more so if this does not cause additional expenditure)
Surface texture specifications can be omitted if the normal production processes ensure that the
end condition of the surface is appropriate.
The specified limit value represents the highest permissible value.
If a lower limit is specified, then this must be achieved.
The 16% rule is not applied.
Page 1 of 5
VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E.V. (VDA)
Westendstrae 61, 60325 Frankfurt
Vertrieb: DOKUMENTATION KRAFFAHRTWESEN E.V. (DKF) Ulrichstrae 14, D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen
Page 2
VDA 2005 Appendix 1: 2002-07
2.2
Metrological basis
The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562.
The normal evaluation length comprises 5 sampling lengths.
Rz is the arithmetic average of the heights of the largest profile peaks and the depths of the
deepest profile troughs of five consecutive sampling lengths
Z + Z2 + Z3 + Z4 + Z5
(see figure 1) Rz = 1
5
The original meaning and the designation of the maximum roughness Rmax are retained.
Rmax is the highest value of the measurement of all sampling lengths (see figure 1).
The use of the short wave filter s is not permitted.
The long wave filter c is used.
Run-in length
Run-out length
Figure 1 Forming the parameter Rmax from the roughness profile
Figure 2 - Arithmetic average roughness Ra
The arithmetic average roughness Ra is the arithmetic average of the absolute amounts from the
individual roughness values within the evaluation length after the waviness has been filtered out.
One disadvantage here is that individual freak values are not taken into consideration and the level
of information it provides is thus very low. Nonetheless, the arithmetic average roughness has its
legitimacy, e.g. for providing surface specifications for semifinished products.
Page 3
VDA 2005 Appendix 1: 2002-07
Division of the possible surface specifications into individual elements
Lower
specified
limit L
(if necessary)
Type of filter
(if deviating
from 2.2)
Sampling
length
Number of
sampling
lengths
(if deviating
from 2.2)
Surface
parameter
Profile
Limit value
Parameter
ground
L X 0.8 x 3 / Rz
Type of production
Production
process
Surface lay
3.1
Explanation of the individual elements
3.1.1
Specifications of upper and lower (L) limits
Normally:
3.3
Generally only the upper limit (surface parameter + limit value)

is specified, e.g.:
Rz 25
The upper limit must not be exceeded.
Special case: In exceptional cases, there is the option of specifying only the lower limit (with the
prefix L). If both the upper and lower limits are specified, then the upper limit is positioned on top
with the lower limit beneath it (without additional marking), e.g.:
L Rz 6.3
Rz 25
Rz 6.3
The upper limit may not be exceeded and the lower limit must be achieved.
Page 4
VDA 2005 Appendix 1: 2002-07
3.1.2
Type of profile filter
The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter (DIN EN ISO 11562).

No specification is required.
3.1.2.1 Wave length limit
If there is a deviation from the wave length limit c (cut off) assigned to the roughness
(see DIN EN ISO 4288), the wave length limit and the number of evaluation lengths must be specified even if the normal evaluation length is used, e.g.
0.8x5/Rz 0.4
3.1.3
Surface parameter
For all general applications, the normal roughness parameter Rz (according to DIN EN ISO 4287)
shall be entered in the drawing.
In individual cases (e.g. surface specifications for semifinished products) it is useful to specify the
Ra value.
Depending on the function, it can be useful to specify further parameters such as Rmax.
For porous and stratified heavy-duty contact surfaces, e.g. cylinder faces, the normal roughness
parameter Rk may be supplemented by Rpk and Rvk (according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2).
For special applications, the appropriate parameter must be taken from the standards
DIN EN ISO 4287 and DIN EN ISO 13565-2.
3.1.4
Evaluation length
Normally:
No evaluation length is specified for roughness parameters.

Thus the normal evaluation length applies.
The normal evaluation length ln comprises five sampling lengths lr (see figure 1).
Rz 25
E.g.:
Special
case:
If, e.g., the workpiece surface is very small such that the normal evaluation length
cannot be used, the number of sampling lengths must be specified on the symbol.
2.5x3/Rz 25
E.g.:
Page 5
VDA 2005 Appendix 1: 2002-07
3.1.5
Preferred values
It is commercially sensible to stipulate preferred values for surface parameters, whereby no more
than one point after the decimal point should be allowed.
For Rz, values from the following series should be selected:
0.4
3.1.6
0.6
1.6
2.5
6.3
10
16
25
40
63
100 160
Type of production
Normally: All the symbols specified in section 5 of VDA 2005 are permitted.
NOTE The symbol for all surfaces around a workpiece outline detailed in DIN EN ISO 1302 shall
be avoided.
3.1.7
Surface lay and structure thereof
Normally:
3.1.8
Production process
Normally:
4
No specification = any surface lay
No specification = any production process
Example of general type
General type, see figure 3
Figure 3 General type
Symbol
Rz 25
Meaning / Explanation
Upper limit
Section 3.1.1
Gaussian filter
Section 3.1.2
Long wave filter c
Section 2.2
Surface parameter Rz
Section 3.1.3
Evaluation length = five sampling

lengths
Sections 2.2 and 3.1.4
25 m highest permissible limit value
Section 2.1,
Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.5
Material removal through machining
Section 3.1.6
Any surface lay
Section 3.1.7
Any production process
Section 3.1.8

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VDA Recommendation

Geometrical Product Specifications

Specification of Surface Texture

surface texture, surface roughness, roughness, engineering drawing

Numerical notation according to ISO practice (see VW 01000).

Westendstrae 61, 60325 Frankfurt

Distribution: DOKUMENTATION KRAFTFAHRWESEN E.V. (DKF) Ulrichstrae 14, D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen

Examples of entry ............................................................................................................................. 16

Graphical symbol indicating that surface texture requirements exist, Figure 1.

Surface (texture) parameter

Parameter expressing micro-geometrical properties of a surface.

(Surface) parameter symbol

Symbol indicating the type of surface texture parameter.

Specification of surface texture

Parameters based on the material ratio curve (DIN EN ISO 13565-2)

The surface texture requirements apply to the evaluation length.

Tolerance limits for numerical values of surface parameters

In the automotive industry, the following applies:

If a value is specified for surface roughness, it

NOTE: The 16% rule is not applied.

Graphical symbols for the indication of surface texture

Basic symbol for the indication of surface finish

Figure 1 Basic symbol for indication of surface texture

Symbol for material removal

Figure 2 Expanded symbol for material removal

Symbol, if material removal is prohibited

Figure 3 Expanded symbol, if removal of material is prohibited

Any production process allowed

APA (any process allowed)

MRR (material removal required)

NMR (no material removal)

(arithmetic) average roughness Ra (see note)

maximum roughness Rmax

overall height of waviness profile Wt

overall height of the profiles of the dominant waviness WDt

average height of the profiles of the dominant waviness WDc

overall height of the primary profile Pt

reduced peak height Rpk

core peak-to-valley roughness Rk

reduced score depth Rvk

Position of the surface texture specifications on the complete symbol

Figure 5 Positions (a to e) indicating additional requirements (designation areas on the

Surface texture symbols (surface parameters, positions a and b)

Number of sampling lengths

Design and size of symbols

Size of numbers and letters, see DIN EN ISO 3098-2

Line width for symbols and letters

Arrangement of symbols on surfaces

Collective specifications in the field provided in the drawing frame

Requirements on depth of waviness Wt

Surface requirements on dominant waviness

There are 2 criteria for specifying the dominant waviness:

Dominant characteristics are permitted up to an upper limit value.

Repeated form elements

Different requirements on one surface

Radii and chamfers without specific surface requirements

Production process, surface character