Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Geotechnical Testign Methods II - AS
Geotechnical Testign Methods II - AS
Geotechnical Testign Methods II - AS
Ajanta Sachan
Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering
IIT Gandhinagar
FIELD TESTING
Settlement test
SPT
VST
PMT
In bore holes
DCPT
CPT
DMT
IS: 2131-1981
Components
Drilling Equipment
Procedure
Procedure (Cont.)
N-value
SPT Corrections
Correction for Overburden Pressure :
N ' CN . N
N' = Corrected value of
observed N
CN = Correction factor for
overburden pressure
Peck, Hanson and Thornburn
(1974)
SPT Corrections
Correction for Overburden Pressure : (Alternative)
Alternative -
Ein
60%
N60
Eout
Eout
Ein %
.N
60
f'
Dr (%)
consistency
0-4
25-30
0-15
very loose
4-10
27-32
15-35
loose
10-30
30-35
35-65
medium
30-50
35-40
65-85
dense
>50
38-43
85-100
very dense
cu 6.25.N in kPa
cu (kPa)
consistency
visual identification
0-2
0 - 12
very soft
2-4
12-25
soft
4-8
25-50
medium
8-15
50-100
stiff
15-30
100-200
very stiff
>30
>200
hard
N
OCR 0.193
p'
0.689
MN/m2
CPT Procedure
Push the sounding rod with cone into the ground for some specified
depth. Then push the cone with friction sleeve for another specified
depth (> 35 mm). Repeat the process with/without friction sleeve.
Pushing rate = 1 cm/s
Mantle tube is push simultaneously such that it is always above the
cone and friction sleeve.
Tip Load, Qc = Load from pressure gauge reading + Wt. of cone +
Wt. of connecting sounding rods
qc
Qc
Ac
Tip resistance
Frictional resistance q f
Friction Ratio
fr
qf
qc
Qt Qc
Af
10%
Typical range
17
0%
Cohesive
Granular
CPT Results
& Soil
Classification
Typical
CPT Data
Interpreted
Soil Profile
(MPa)
6 8 10 12 14
(Blows/300 mm)
10
20
30
Relative Density, Dr
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fine Sand
w/ Shells
(SP)
Interbedded
Fine Sand
and
Silty Sand
(SP-SM)
Fine Silty
Sand
(SM)
Gray Silty
Clay (CL)
Mean
Mean-SD
Mean+SD
From CPT
From SPT
Sand (SP)
10
10
Resistance, q
(MPa)
0 2 4 6 8 1012
Fricton Ratio, F
(%)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pore Pressure, u
(kPa)
-100
100 200
Relative
Density, D
Sand
1
2
Silty sand/sand
3
4
Depth (m)
6
7
8
9
10
11
Sand to
Silty Sand
12
13
14
15
CPT: Disadvantages
11
Components:
1)
2)
Driving rods/drill
rods
~marked at every 100 mm
SPT
DCPT
Solid (no samples)
DCPT Procedure
12
bore hole
undrained
h2d
vane
soft clay
25
vane
Interpretation:
Undrained shear
strength -
cu
2.T
.D 2 .H .
D
3.H
For H = 2.D
cu 0.273
Test in Progress
T
D3
Failure surface
13
60 mm dia.
Flexible
membrane
Determined:
Elastic Modulus
Soil Type and state
27
Pressure meter
Test (PMT)
Determined:
Elastic Young Mod, E
Shear Mod, G
Undrained shear strength, Su
14
29
15
ROCK TESTING
Rock Testing
16
Rock Samples
Granite:
High stiffness
High strength
Very brittle
Limestone:
Medium stiffness
Medium strength
Medium brittleness
Shale:
Low stiffness
Low strength
Ductile
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Thank You
24