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Docslide - Us Caesar Load Case
Docslide - Us Caesar Load Case
W(Weight),WNC(WeightNoContents)
WW(WaterfilledWeight)
P(Pressure),HP(HydrotestPressure)
T(Temperature),D(Displacement)
H(HangerPreloads),F(ConcentratedLoads)
U(UniformLoads)
Win(Wind),Wav(WaveandCurrent)
CS(CutShortorCutLong)
AvailableStressTypesinCAESARII
OPE Operating
SUS Sustained
EXP Expansion
OCC Occasional
HYD Hydrotest
HGR HangerDesign
FAT Fatigue
LoadCaseDefinition
Operatingcasecontainsallloadsinthe
system.
L1=W+P1+T1+H(OPE)thisiscalledabasicloadcase
SustainedCasecontainsonlyprimaryloads.
L2=W+P1+H(SUS)anotherbasicloadcase
ExpansionCaseisthedifferencebetweenthe
operatingandsustainedcases.
L3=L1L2(EXP)thisiscalledacombinationloadcase
CombinationLoadCases
Usedtoaddorsubtractresultsfrom
previouslydefinedprimitiveloadcases.
NecessaryforproperEXPandOCCcodestress
definition.
Notusedforrestraintorequipmentload
definition,norfordisplacementreporting.
WhysubtractSUSfromOPE?
WhynotsimplyuseL3=T1(EXP)?
Becausetherestraintconfigurationmayresultin
anincorrectsolution.
Nonlinearrestraintsdrivetherestraint
configuration.
Otherloadsinthesystemcombinetochangethe
restraintconfiguration.
NonlinearRestraints
StiffnessofRestraintchangesdependingon
positionofpipeorforcesonrestraint.
Examples:
UnidirectionalRestraints(+Y)
Gapsinrestraints
Friction
Largerotationrods
BilinearRestraints
Forcevs.DistanceinNonlinear
Restraints
Example1:T1(EXP)
L3=T1(EXP)
TotalDisplacementforT1(EXP)=1xGap
Example2:L1 L2(EXP)
L2=W+P1(SUS)
L1=W+P1+T1(OPE)
Example2(cont)
IfwesubtractthedisplacementsoftheSUS
casefromOPEweget:
TotalDisplacementforL1L2=2xGap
InalinearsystemT1(EXP)=L1 L2(EXP)
Inanonlinearsystemthisisnotguaranteed.
Thisrepresentstheeffectoftemperatureinthe
presenceofotherloads.
Thisisadisplacementstressrange,notstarting
fromtheneutralposition.
OccasionalLoadCases
Formostpipingcodes(nottheoffshore
codes):
SetupanOPEcasethatincludestheoccasional
load
SubtractthestandardOPEcasefromtheOPEthat
includestheoccasionalload.Wecallthisthe
segregatedoccasionalloadcase.
AddtheaboveloadcaseresultstotheSUSload
caseresultsforthecodestresscheck
Example3:OccasionalLoadCases
Assumewehaveauniformloadrepresentinga
seismicload,U1.
L1=W+P1+T1
L2=W+P1
L3=W+P1+T1+U1
L4=L1L2
L5=L3L1
L6=L2+L5
(OPE)standardoperating
(SUS)
(OPE)operatingwithoccasionalload
(EXP)
(OCC)segregatedoccasional
(OCC)*occasionalcodestresscase
*usescalarcombinationmethod.
CombinationMethods
Algebraic:
Usedforsubtractingtwoloadcases.
Takesthedisplacementsfromthereferencedcases
andsubtractsthem.
Thencomputesforces,moments,andresultantstress
fromthesedisplacements.
Scalar:
Usedforaddingtwoloadcases.
Addsthestressesfromthetworeferencedloadcases.
Unlikealgebraicthestressesarenotrecomputedfrom
displacements.
Notesoncombinationmethods
Dontusealgebraicforaddingtwoloadcases.
Youcanttakecreditforoccasionalloadsacting
oppositetooperatingloads.
Dontusescalarforsubtractingtwocases.
Thisresultsinalowercodestressthanactual.
OutputTypes
Displacement
Usuallyreportedonlyforbasicloadcases
Force
Usuallyreportedonlyforbasicloadcases
Stress
Reportedbasedoncoderequirements.