5. Fur eoch of the following possible rovetions, all of which eraate the eompoud ‘melas 2, ng y “Lita Spy Bo— MBs "Bod Ben SLitatn calculate (a) the Q-value, (b) the kinematic threshold energy of the proton, (6) tho threshold euorgy of tho proton for the raxction, and (4) the mina [netic energy ofthe products, Summarize your esleuarions ina tate. Solution: Fora binary, two-prodnet reaction 2-+. — y-+¥ we tse the following results ‘rom Ch. (a) The Q-value is obtained from Eg. (6.6), Q = (M, +My My - Me, ud fom the atouie masses in Ap. B. NOTE: for the last reaction, «third Drodiet mass mat be subteeted from the right-hand side of the value ‘quation (0) Thokiuomatie and Coulombje threshold enorges aro obtained from Ea. (6.15) (nocd when @ < 0) and from En, (6.19) (needed when x and X are both ‘charged particles). Zod ae s (Be aa ages (6) The minimum KE of the prodnets is (Fy + Brean — + (EP am: Resutts are tabulated helow. Tenction _@ (MeV) ER __ condition (Ey 4 FV )em Tepe 0 Ba> ime Blas Shea) 0 BS iss ass {Deipad)De 0 Boiss 27 "Beipa?B 20% E,>2056 0.200 *Be(pan)*t4 dom F,>39u om8. The isotope !5P is a radionuclide used in medical diagnoses of tumors and, al~ ‘hough usually produced by the 'S0(p.n)"*F reaction, it can also be produced Dy irradiating Uthium earbonato (LisCOs) with noutrons. Tho noutrons inter fact with Li to produce tritons (miclel of $H) which im turn interact with the faxygen to produce !8F. (a) What are the two miclear reactions? (b) Calen- late the Q-value foreach reaction. (c) Calculate the threshold energy far each reaction. (4) Can thermal neutrons be use to erente "°F? Solution: (8) The first resetion \o.¢) Me foloned by O(n). () Using tho masses in Ap. B, the Q-valuss for these reetlons are “Li(ny'Hes Q = [M(GLi) +m, land for the second resetion AM (file) — A (Gth)e? = 4.78 Mev. Socen)F: Q = [MCE0) + MGR) — ma — MSP ¢ = 1.27 Mev. (c) Because both cesclions are excergie, there ate no kinetic Uhrestolds. However, the *0(¢;n)"F resetion has a Conlombic threshold. From Fg (61), the minum energy ofthe triton BY meee to case thi section is pe we 2 yg 8) 122s a WI) _ oa Mev. wae aie {(@) Theenergy of the triton produced by a thermal neutron induced °Li(n,t)*He reaction is given by Bq. (6.12), namely . Ine 4 0 [galt] <4 [pty] <2 72 Mev ‘Thin is grater than BY, and beuce thermal neutrons cat be ted. 111, How many clastic scatters om the average, are require to slow a MeV neutron to below 1 eV in (a) #0 and in (b) Fe? Solution: (Pe average logarithmic energy loss pr elastic scatter, 6, is given by Eq. (6.29) TE -1.2 (Byte gies where a = (A — 1)?/(A+1). For 60, a = 0.7785 and ¢ — 0.1199. For “Fe, ‘The average nuuber of seatvers to deereaso a noutron's Kinetic energy frou Fy = 100 eV to Ey — 1 eV is given by Eq, (6.30) 1), (2t) 2 n= Zin(Z) - Fino, For 0, we find n = 116 and Fe, n = 399,18, Ina particlar newtron-indioed fission of 50, 4 prompt neutrons ae proce’ ‘aud ono fission fragmont Is "Ag. (a) What is tho othor fission fragiont? (b) ‘low much cuorgy is Mhorated promptly (Le, before tho sion fragmonts begin to decay)? (c) Ifthe total initial kinetic energy of the fission Fragments is MeV, statis the intial kinetic energy of exch? (@) What is the total kinetic feuergy shared by the four prompt seulzens, Sokation: (9) The fasion fragments are AU son alla) + HA (b) The prompt energy emission isthe Q-value forthe above reaction, namely ‘Rh, Q= PRU + mg — dng — Hag HER}e = 173.6 Mev. (@) From Eg, (6.41) foro total fssion fragment Kinotic enurgy of Ep ~ 150 MoV Sy = By Up — gy Fin = BE = (Big — Bi) “Tho Kote energy of tho Light fon product Is than B ~ By ~ iy — 78:20 MeV. (a) The kinetic eungy of the Sosion neutrons is Ey = Q— By — Bi = 23.6 Mev. 18. A.10 g simple of U is placed in a mucenr reactor where it generates 100 W: of thermal fission enorgy. (a) What isthe fission rate (fson/s) in the sample? (D) After ove your in tho eore, estimate the number of wtoms of Te in the sample produced throngh the decay chain shown in Fa. (6.37). Notice that ll ssi products abowe {Te in the decay enim have half-lives mich shorter ‘than 1 year; hence all of these fission products can be assumed to docay to Te lucdiately, Solution: (8) Hom page 148 of the test, we find that a fssiom power of | W corresponds to 31x 10" fision/seeond. Thus, in our sample generating 100 W the fission rates Ry ~ (100 W(G.1 x 10" fss/(¢ W)) — 3.4 x 10"? Ass/s, (b) After one yen, the number of fssons that have occured in the sample i Ny = (ty fas/9)L16 = 10" 5/9) = 9.78 10" sons yar From the Chart ofthe Nucies (or Fig. 6.6), we see the fasion ein ye foe A = 90 is 90) = 62%. This isthe yield per fs of one of Ue ‘lids in th fission product chalu of Eg. (6.37). If wo assume there is negligible cect produetion of Ri as fison prod, an oomee ofall he halves ofthe chain members some "Te are mie lew than fone year, we can asuiie that for every fission in the sample, about 0.061 ‘toms of Te are produugd. Hence, the nunbor of Te atuis in to Sample after one yen i estimated as N(Te) ~ 0.061 x N, ~ 6.0 x 10" atoms,