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AneasypacedapproachtolearnSanskrit

Lesson11

SimpleSanskritLesson11
PostedonMay19,2013May22,2013byslabhyankar

SimpleSanskritLesson11

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Comprehensivestudyofany
wouldcoverstudyingnotonlyitsinectionsinalls,but
alsostudyingallitsverbalderivatives
s).Thesearemainly
s(alsocalledas
adjectivesorindeclinables.WehaveseeninLesson9,twoadjectival
s,thepppandapp.
Alladjectiveswillhave72inectionsby3genders(),8cases()and3numbers().
Indeclinablessaresimpler,becausetherearenoinections.Therearethreetypesof
indeclinableverbalderivatives
s.
s/

shavethemeaningondoingorbydoingforexample
.Itisanadverb
oftime,rather,withashadeofpasttense.Itisobtainedbyaxingasuxtothe
such
as
.So
meansondoingorbydoing.
Buttherearevariations,forexample
+=meaningongoingorbygoing

+=meaningongainingorbygaining

+=meaningongivingorbygiving
Ifthereisaprexaxedwiththe
thenthesuxtobeaxedisGrammarianscallit
as.Theindeclinabletheniscalledas(
+=)Forexample

++=
meaningongoingawayorbygoingaway

++=meaningonacquiringorbyacquiring

++=meaningontakingorbytakingoronbringinginorby

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++=meaningontakingorbytakingoronbringinginorby
bringingin
Mayitbenotedthattheadverbialsuxactuallyaddsonlyatothe
.
is

onlythegrammaticalnameofthesux.

shavethemeaningfordoing.Theyareadverbsofpurposeorreason.For
example

(
+

)meansfordoing
+

=
meansforgiving
+

=
meansforgoing
++

=
meansforcoming.Notethatheretheprexdoesnotcause
themodeofformationtobedierent.
+

=
meansforgaining
Thethirdtypeof

isadverbofmanner,answeringthequestionhow?.
The(sux)toobtaintheseverbalderivativesisgiventhename

Theverbal
derivativeiscalledas
or

.Itsmeaningissimilartothatofthe
gerund.Forexample

meaninggoing

meaningdoing

meaninggiving

meaninggaining

Adjectival

sareof10types,asshowninTable103below.
Table111
Adjectival
sof

Givenbelowaresfor3genders.
Theyhavefurtherinectionsbycases()and3numbers()

type

meaningor
whentobeused

pppgained

appone,whois
gaining

present
participleonein
theactof
gaining

validonlyfor

validonlyfor

canbegained

No.

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mustbegained
orwhattheaim
shouldbefor
gaining

shouldbegained
oradvisableto
gain

one,who
facilitates
gaining

gainer

one,thatmaybe
gained

10

present
participle;one,
whoisinthe
processof
gaining

validonlyfor

Mayitbenotedthattheadverbialsuxasexplainedabove,actuallyaddsonlyatothe

,
e.g..
Thesuxalsoaddsonlythesuxtothe
.

Itissmartofgrammarianstogivetwodierentnamestothetwosuxes.Onehasthename
andtheotherhasbeengiventhename.
ItcanalsobeseenthattheverbalauxiliariesofmoodinEnglishgrammar,suchasmay,can,
should,must,aremadeintoadjectivalderivativesinSanskrit.Thoseat1,4,6and9havesome
senseofpassivevoice.Thoseat2,3,5,7,8,10havethesenseofactivevoice.
Presentparticiples
wordsofagoodnumberof
sarefoundinfollowinglinesin

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Themeaningis
Onewhoknowsthefundamentalsandishencerighteousshouldconsiderthathedoesnothing,
evenwhenoneis
seeing,

hearing,

smelling,
eating,
goingabout,

touching,
dreaming,
breathing,
talking,

forsaking,

taking,
openingandclosingtheeyes,

(Oneis)alwaysregardingthatorgansarefororganic

functions,
Thisisfurtherelaboratedinthenextverse

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Suchperson
bydedicatingallactionstoBrahmanand
byrenouncingallattachment
isnotafflictedbysin
justasleavesoflotusarenotafflictedbythewater.
Intherstlineof()wealsohavetwo
s,meaningbydedicating
(of
+)andmeaningbyrenouncing(of
).

Letusunderstandthe
sbyexamples.
1. Exampleoftype
1. Protwasearnedbythemerchant

2. Exampleof
type
1. Merchantearnedprot

3. Exampleoftype

1. Merchantcanearnprot

4. Exampleoftype

1. Merchantshouldearnprot

5. Exampleof
type
1. (Advisably)merchantshouldearnprot

2. Ashlokausing
type
smakesareallygoodreading
soffourdierent

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3. ItsmeaningisNothingshouldbesnatchedofanybody.Sacred(meditational)phrase
shouldnotbeuttered(i.e.shouldnotbedivulged).ThepairoffeetoftheGloriousshould
be(always)memorized(Thatis,mindshouldalwaysbefocusedatthefeetoftheGlorious).
(Thus)gamelyshouldthewaters(i.e.theocean)ofworldlylifebeswumacross.
6. Exampleof

type
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1. Tradeisprotmaker

6. Exampleof
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type
1. Tradeisprotmaker
7. Exampleof

type
1. Merchantis(bynature)protearner()
8. Exampleof
type
1. Tradeisprotworthy
2. Thistypeiseectivelymentionedin
1.

||||

2. ItsmeaningisAllactionsandactivitieshappen(arecaused)by(inherent)characterof
(allpervading)Nature.Onemisguidedbyegoconsidershimselftobethedoer.
9. Exampleoftype

1. Merchantisearningprot

10. Exampleoftype
1. Merchantbecomeswealthybyearningprot

11. Exampleof

type
1. Merchantdoestradingtoearnwealth

12. Exampleof

type
1. Howisthetrade?Itisgainful.
?
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Inthislesson,wehavecoveredagoodgroundof
s,bothadverbialandadjectival.

|
oOo
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