1

SOLUTIONS MANUAL

DIGITAL DESIGN
WITH AN INTRODUCTION TO THE VERILOG HDL
Fifth Edition

M. MORRIS MANO
Professor Emeritus
California State University, Los Angeles

MICHAEL D. CILETTI
Professor Emeritus
University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

International Edition contributions by

B.R Chandavarkar
Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal

Digital Design With An Introduction to the Verilog HDL Solution Manual. M. Mano. M.D. Ciletti, Copyright 2012,
All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 1
1.1

1.2

Base 10
Octal
Hex
Base 12

: 10
: 12
:A
:A

11
13
B
B

12
14
C
10

13
15
D
11

14
16
E
12

15
17
F
13

16
20
10
14

17
21
11
15

18
22
12
16

19
23
13
17

Base 10
Octal
Hex
Base 12

: 23 24
: 27 30
: 17 18
: 1B 20

25
31
19
21

26 27 28 29 30
32 33 34 35 36
1A 1B 1C 1D 1E
22 23 24 25 26

31
37
1F
27

32
40
20
28

20
24
14
18

21
25
15
19

22
26
16
1A

(a) 16,384
(b) 33,554,432
(c) 3,435,973,837

1.3

(a) (432)5

= 4 52 + 3 51 + 2 50
= 100 + 15 + 2
= (117)10

(b) (A98)12

= 10 122 + 9 121 + 8 120

= 1440 + 108 + 8
= (1556)10

(c) (475)8

= 4 82 + 7 81 + 5 80
= 256 + 56 + 5
= (317)10

(d) (2345)6 = 2 63 + 3 62 + 4 61 + 5 60
= 432 + 108 + 24 + 5
= (569)10
1.4

12-bit binary :
Decimal
:
Hexadecimal :

1.5

Let b = base
(a) 12 4 = 52

(b) 75/3 = 26

1111 1111 1111

212 1 = (4095)10
(FFF)16

(b + 2) 4 = 5b + 2
4b + 8 = 5b + 2
b=6
(7b + 5) = 3(2b + 6)
7b + 5 = 6b +18
b = 13

Digital Design With An Introduction to the Verilog HDL Solution Manual. M. Mano. M.D. Ciletti, Copyright 2012,
All rights reserved.

(c) (2 b + 4) + (b + 7) = 4b, so b = 11
1.6

x2 13x + 32 = 0
(x 5)(x 4) = 0
x2 (5 + 4)x + 5 4 = x2 13x + 32
So, 5 + 4 = b + 3
5 4 = 3b + 2
OR
b=6
b=6

1.7

(ABCD)16 = (1010 1011 1100 1101)2

=
1 010 101 111 001 101
1

= (125715)8
1.8

(a) Converting (512)10 to binary is by repeated division by 2.

2
2

512
256 0

128 0

2
2
2
2
2
2

64
32
16
8
4
2
1

(1000000000)2

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

(b) (512)10 to hexadecimal is repeated division by 16.

16

512

16

32

(200)16

replace each digit by binary

To binary
(200)16 = (10 0000 0000)2
2nd method is faster.
1.9

(a) (11010.0101)2 = 16 + 8 + 2 + 0.25 + 0.0625

= (26.3125)10
(b) (A6.5)16

= 10 16 + 6 + 5 0.0625
= (166.3125)10

(c) (276.24)8

= 2 82 + 7 8 + 6 +

2
4
+
8
64

Digital Design With An Introduction to the Verilog HDL Solution Manual. M. Mano. M.D. Ciletti, Copyright 2012,
All rights reserved.

= 128 + 56 + 6 + 0.25 + 0.0625

= (190.3125)10
(d) (BABA.B)16

= 11 163 + 10 162 + 11 161 + 10 +

11
16

= 45056 + 2560 + 176 + 10 + 0.6875

= (47802.6875)10
(e) 10110.1101
1.10

= 16 + 4 + 2 + 0.5 + 0.25 + 0.0625 = (22.8125)10

(a) 1.100102 = 0001.10012 = 1.916 = 1 +

9
= 1.56310
16

(b) (1100.010)2 = (C.4)16

= 12 +

4
= (12.25)10
16

Shifted to left by 3 places.

1.11

1010.1
110 | 111111
110

(1010.1)2

111

110
110
110
0

1.12

1.13

(a)

(1100)2
+(110)2
(10010)2

1100 110
0000
1100+
1100+
(1001000)2

(b)

(AB)16
+(1C)16
(C7)16

AB 1C
804
AB+
(12B4)16

(a)

(35.125)10 = (100011.001)2
2
2
2
2
2

35
17 1
8
1
4
0
2
0
1
0

0.125 2 = 0.25
0.25 2 = 0.5
0.5 2 = 1.0

Digital Design With An Introduction to the Verilog HDL Solution Manual. M. Mano. M.D. Ciletti, Copyright 2012,
All rights reserved.

(b)

1
= 0.33333333
3
= (0.01010101)2 (0.33203125)10

(c) (0.01010101)2 = (0.55)16

5
5
=
+
16 256
= (0.33203125)10
Answer is same.
1.14

1.15

(a)

1111 0000
1s comp:0000 1111
2s comp: 0001 0000

(b)

0000 0000
1s comp: 1111 1111
2s comp: 0000 0000

(c)

1101 1000
1s comp: 0010 0111
2s comp: 0010 1000

(d)

0101 0101
1s comp:1010 1010
2s comp: 1010 1011

(e)

1000 0000
1s comp: 0111 1111
2s comp: 1000 0000

(f)

1111 1111
1s comp: 0000 0000
2s comp: 0000 0001

25,918,036
74,081,963
74,081,964

(b)

99,999,999
9s comp : 00,000,000
10s comp : 00,000,001

25,000,000
9s comp : 74,999,999
10s comp : 75,000,000

(d)

00000000
9s comp : 99999999
10s comp : 100000000

(a)

9s comp :
10s comp :
(c)

1.16

(CAD9)16

(a)

16s comp:

(3527)16

(b)

(CAD9)16 = (1100 1010 1101 1001)2

(c)

1100 1010 1101 1001

(d)

1s comp:

0011 0101 0010 0110

2s comp:

0011 0101 0010 0111

0011 0101 0010 0111

= (3527)16

(a) and (d) both are same.

1.17

(a)

2579
9s comp : 7420
10s comp : 7421

3699
+7421
1120
1

Ans: 1120

drop
(b)
9s comp

1800
: 8199

974
+8200

Digital Design With An Introduction to the Verilog HDL Solution Manual. M. Mano. M.D. Ciletti, Copyright 2012,
All rights reserved.

10s comp : 8200

9174

4361
: 5638

2943
+5639

10s comp : 5639

8582

0745
9s comp : 9254
10s comp : 9255

7631
+9255
6886
1

(c)
9s comp

(d)

826

1418

Ans: 6886

drop
1.18
(a)
1s comp
2s comp

10010
: 01101
: 01110

10101
+01110
1 00011

Ans: 00011

drop
(b)
1s comp

100110
: 011001

010010
+011010

2s comp

: 011010

101100

1s comp

110101
: 001010

2s comp

: 001011

011110

1s comp

101101
: 010010

101000
+010011

2s comp

: 010011

(c)

(d)

1.19

+9081 009081
9081 990918 (9s comp)
9081 990919 (10s comp)

010100

010011
+001011
100010

111011 000101

+954 000954
954 999045 (9s comp)
954 999046 (10s comp)

(a) (+9081) + (954) = 009081 + 000954

= 010035
(b) (+9081) + (954) = 009081 + 999046
Digital Design With An Introduction to the Verilog HDL Solution Manual. M. Mano. M.D. Ciletti, Copyright 2012,
All rights reserved.

008127
1

drop

(c) (9081) + (+954) = 990919 + 000954

= 991873 8127

(d) (9081) + (954) = 990919 + 999046

989965 10035

=
1
drop
1.20

+56 0 111000
56 1 001000

+35 0 100011
35 1 011101

(a) (+56) + (+35) 0 111000

+0 100011
1 011011

(overflow)

1011011 91

(b) (+56) + (35) 0 111000

+1 011101

0010101

+21

1
drop

(c) (56) + (+35) 1 001000

+0 100011
1 101011 21

1 101011 is the 2s complement of 21.

Digital Design With An Introduction to the Verilog HDL Solution Manual. M. Mano. M.D. Ciletti, Copyright 2012,
All rights reserved.

1.21

+9542 009542
9542 990458

+641 000641
641 999359

(a) (+9542) + (+641) 009542

+ 000641
010183

(b) (+9542) + (641) 009542

+999359
008901

1
drop

(c) (9542) + (+641) 990458

+000641
8901

991099

(d) (9542) + (641) = 990458

+ 999359

10183

989817
1
drop
1.22

(7654)10
BCD: 0111 0110 0101 0100
ASCII: 0 0110111 0110110 0110101 0110100
7

1.23
694
+538

0110 1001 0100

+ 0101 0011

1000

Digital Design With An Introduction to the Verilog HDL Solution Manual. M. Mano. M.D. Ciletti, Copyright 2012,
All rights reserved.

1232

1011 1100 1100

0110 0110 0110
0001 0010 0011 0010
1

1.24

Octal Digit
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

6311
0000
0001/0010
0011
0100
0110/0101
0111
1000
1001/1010

1.25
(a) BCD
(b) Excess 3
(c) 2421
(d) 6311
1.26

:
:
:
:

6421
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110/1000
1001/0111

(6514)10
0110 0101 0001 0100
1001 1000 0100 0111
1100 1011 0001 0100
1000 0111 0001 0101

6514
: 3485
: 0011 0100 1110 1011

9s comp
2421
1s comp of

: 1100 1011 0001 0100 is

0011 0100 1110 1011

Hence and are some self complementing.

1.27

For a deck with 52 cards, we need 6 bits (25 = 32 < 52 < 64 = 26). Let the msb's select the suit (e.g.,
diamonds, hearts, clubs, spades are encoded respectively as 00, 01, 10, and 11. The remaining four bits
select the "number" of the card. Example: 0001 (ace) through 1011 (9), plus 101 through 1100 (jack,
queen, king). This a jack of spades might be coded as 11 1010. (Note: only 52 out of 64 patterns are
used.)

1.28

G
(space)
1110 0101 0010 0000
1100 0010
1010 1110

1.29

Digital Systems

1.30

(a) C9:
EE:
F3:
74:
69:
74:
F5:
74:
65:

1 100 1001
1 110 1110
1 111 0011
0 111 0100
0 110 1001
0 111 0100
1 111 0101
0 111 0100
0 110 0101

o
1100 0111
B

1110 0101

r
1110 1111

g
1111 0010

e
0110 0111

I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e

Digital Design With An Introduction to the Verilog HDL Solution Manual. M. Mano. M.D. Ciletti, Copyright 2012,
All rights reserved.

10

(b) Even parity.

1.31

62 + 32 = 94 printing characters

1.32

bit 6 from the right

1.33

0101

0110

0100

(a) BCD

(b) Excess-3

(c) 84-2-1

(d) Binary no.

1.34

ASCII for decimal digits with even parity:

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1.35

(1380)10

1 011 0000
0 011 0001
0 011 0010
1 011 0011
0 011 0100
1 011 0101
1 011 0110
0 011 0111

(a)
a b c
a
f

b
c

f
g

1.36
a

b
a
f

f
g

Digital Design With An Introduction to the Verilog HDL Solution Manual. M. Mano. M.D. Ciletti, Copyright 2012,
All rights reserved.