Steady State Conduction

HEAT TRANSFER

Problem
The top and bottom surfaces of a solid cylindrical rod are
maintained at constant temperatures of 20C and 95C while the
side surface is perfectly insulated. The rate of heat transfer
through the rod is to be determined for the cases of copper,
steel,
and granite)Heat
rod. conduction is steady and oneAssumptions.1
dimensional. 2) Thermal conductivity is constant. 3) There is no
heat generation.
Properties. The thermal conductivities are given to be k =
380 W/mC for copper, k = 18 W/mC for steel, and k = 1.2
W/mC for granite.

Analysis.Noting that the heat transfer area (the area normal to

the direction of heat transfer) is constant, the rate of heat
transfer along the rod is determined from

where L = 0.15 m and the heat

transfer area A is:

Discussion: The steady rate of heat conduction can differ by orders

of magnitude, depending on the thermal conductivity of the material.

Problem
A wall is constructed of two layers of sheetrock with fiberglass
insulation in between. The thermal resistance of the wall is to be
determined.
Assumptions. 1) Heat transfer through the wall is onedimensional. 2) Thermal conductivities are constant.
Properties. The thermal conductivities are
given to be:
ksheetrock = 0.10 Btu/hftF and
kinsulation = 0.020 Btu/hftF.
Analysis
(a) The surface area of the wall is not
given and thus we consider a unit surface area
(A = 1 ft2). Then the R-value of insulation of the
wall becomes equivalent to its thermal
resistance, which is determined from.

PROBLEM
The outer surface of a 0.2m-thick concrete wall is kept at a
temperature of -5C, while the inner surface is kept at 20C.
The thermal conductivity of the concrete is 1.2W/(mK).
Determine the heat loss through a wall 10m long and 3m high.
GIVEN
- 10m long, 3m high, and 0.2m thick concrete wall
- Thermal conductivity of the concrete (k) = 1.2 W/(m k)
- Temperature of the inner surface (Ti) = 20C
- Temperature of the outer surface (To) = -5C
FIND
- The heat loss through the wall (qk)

SOLUTION:

The rate of heat loss through the wall is given by the equation:

PROBLEM
Heat is transferred at a rate of 0.1 kW through glass wool
insulation (density = 100 kg/m3) of 5 cm thickness and 2 m2
area. If the hot surface is at 70C, determine the temperature
of the cooler surface.
GIVEN
- Glass wool insulation with a density (p) = 100 kg/m3
- Thickness (L) = 5 cm = 0.05 m
- Area (A) = 2 m2
- Temperature of the hot surface (Th) = 70C
- Rate of heat transfer (qk) = 0.1 Kw = 100 W
FIND
- The temperature of the cooler surface (TC)

SOLUTION:

The rate of heat transfer is given by the equation:

Solving this for TC